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At least 1,153 records · Page 64Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Phonologic processes in children with cleft palate.

This study examined the phonologic process usage of 3-, 4- and 5-year-old children with cleft palate. Sixty children served as subjects: 30 children with cleft palate (with or without cleft lip) and 30 noncleft palate children. The children's whole word productions were analyzed for frequency and type of phonologic process usage. Results indicated that the 3- and 4-year old children with cleft palate exhibited more instances of process usage, compared to their noncleft peers. The 5-year-old cleft and noncleft groups were similar in total instances of process usage. Further, the children with cleft palate employed common phonologic processes; however, some processes were noted more frequently in the speech of the 3-year-old children with cleft palate.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1995

Transverse maxillary arch changes with the use of preoperative orthopedics in unilateral cleft palate infants.

A retrospective clinical study, using a reflex microscope, measured arch widths, palatal shelf widths, cleft widths, and palatal shelf angulation from 26 sets of plaster models of infants' maxillary arches at birth, and at 3 and 6 months. All infants had unilateral clefts of the lip and palate. They were treated with active preoperative orthopedics until lip repair at 3 months and with a passive plate until palate repair. Cleft width significantly decreased during these periods, due to transverse growth, along with relative flattening of the palatal shelves. Arch width contracted slightly anteriorly, but remained stable posteriorly. Preoperative orthopedics may have helped these changes by removing the effects of the tongue action and allowing unrestricted growth of the palatal shelves.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1997

Relationship between lower-lip fistulae and cleft lip and/or palate in Von der Woude syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between fistulae of the lower lip and cleft lip and/or palate in patients with Van der Woude syndrome. METHODS: The medical records of 11,000 patients with cleft lip and/or palate registered at the Cleft Lip-Palate Research and Rehabilitation Hospital, University of São Paulo, Bauru were reviewed. Of these patients, 133 (1.2%) presented with Van der Woude syndrome. RESULTS: Of the 133 patients, 88 (66.2%) exhibited full clefts, 22 (16.5%) only cleft lip, and 23 (17.3%) only cleft palate. The lower-lip fistulae observed in these 133 patients were bilateral symmetric in 66 (49.7%), bilateral asymmetric in 42 (31.6%), microform in 19 (14.3%), median in 5 (3.8%), and unilateral in 1 (0.7%). CONCLUSION: This population sample appears to exhibit the previously published tendency for bilateral, unilateral, or mixed-type congenital fistulae to be associated with cleft lip with or without cleft palate, while so-called microforms or conic elevations are almost exclusively associated with cleft palate.

Child↗
PubMed2002

Constriction of the maxillary dental arch by mucoperiosteal denudation of the palate.

OBJECTIVE: This study examined the influence of two factors in the constriction of the maxillary dental arch by mucoperiosteal denudation of the palate: (1) inhibition of lateral growth and (2) medial inclination of teeth. METHOD: Thirty-five male 20-day-old Wistar rats were divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group had bilateral mucoperiosteum excised in the lateral one third of the palate. Methyl methacrylate resin-embedded frontal sections were prepared from both groups after alternate weekly injections of tetracycline and calcein in the dorsal subcutaneous area. The sections were observed and photographed under either a confocal laser scanning microscope, a fluorescence microscope, or both. Chronological changes in lateral palatal growth, maxillary dental arch width, and inclination of the upper first molars were examined up to 8 weeks after the operation. Paraffin-embedded frontal sections were also made and stained with Elastica van Gieson stain. RESULTS: The scar tissue formed on the rat palate by the mucoperiosteal denudation was tightly connected to the palatal bone and teeth. The intervals between the labeling lines of the experimental group were less definite during the first 2 weeks after the operation. Increments of palatal and maxillary dental arch widths were smaller in the experimental group than in the control group. The upper first molars in the control group gradually inclined laterally, whereas those in the experimental group inclined medially with age. CONCLUSION: Medial inclination of teeth is a stronger influence than inhibition of lateral growth on constriction of the rat maxillary dental arch.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2006

The papilla amplification flap for the treatment of a localized periodontal defect associated with a palatal groove.

BACKGROUND: Teeth with a palatal groove often present with severe localized periodontal attachment loss including pocket formation and alveolar bone loss. The aim of the present case report was to describe the regenerative surgical treatment of periodontal and bone lesions associated with the subgingival extension of a palatal groove affecting a maxillary lateral incisor. METHODS: The left maxillary lateral incisor of a systemically healthy young subject presented with a palatal probing depth of 10 mm with no gingival recession at the buccal and palatal surfaces; the neighboring interdental papillae were intact. The radiograph showed a radiolucency area distal to the affected tooth. Treatment procedures consisted of: 1) the papilla amplification flap with the use of enamel matrix proteins as the regenerative periodontal material; 2) the elimination/flattening of the radicular portion of the palatal groove; and 3) the sealing of the coronal portion of the groove with composite flow. RESULTS: The clinical examination at 1 year revealed a clinical attachment gain (8 mm) with a shallow residual probing depth (2 mm) and no increase in gingival recession. The radiographic examination showed the complete disappearance of the radiolucency area suggesting bone fill. CONCLUSIONS: The present study indicated that localized periodontal defects associated with a palatal groove can be successfully treated by means of the papilla amplification flap with the use of enamel matrix protein as the regenerative material. The long-term stability of such successful results needs to be determined.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Effects of caffeine and related methylxanthines on fetal mouse palates cultured in vitro.

The maxillary regions of day-12.5 ICR mouse fetuses were cultured in a chemically-defined serumless medium and the effects of methylxanthine derivatives on cultured palates were studied. Explanted palates were treated for 72 hr in vitro with 0.5-2 mM caffeine (CA), 1-2 mM theophylline (TP), or 1-2 mM theobromine (TB). Although the three compounds tested did not prevent the contact of opposing palatal shelves, palatal fusion was inhibited by CA and TP at a concentration of 2 mM, and the inhibitory effect of CA was more evident than that of TP. On the other hand, TB did not exert an inhibitory effect on palatogenesis at 2 mM. Since the in vitro toxicity of the methylxanthine compounds appeared to correlate well with their in vivo teratogenic potential, the organ culture method of fetal rodent palates should be a useful tool for screening teratogenic agents, especially those causing cleft palate.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[On the viscoelastic properties of the palatal mucosa analyzed for the displacement of maxillary complete denture].

The condition of palatal mucosa caused by wearing a maxillary complete denture closely resembles a closed hydrostatic system. To clarify the viscoelastic properties of the palatal mucosa under such a condition, we measured as a function of the degree of denture displacement during biting movements. For this work, we developed three dimensional movement-measuring equipment. The following results were obtained: 1. The displacement of the maxillary complete denture during biting movements (loading and unloading of occlusal forces) could be approximated by an empirical formula of exponential function. This formula expressed the delayed elasticity characteristics of the viscoelasticity of the palatal mucosa. 2. Observation of the denture's displacement revealed that the movement of the palatal mucosa after occlusal forces are unloaded could be regarded as creep according to a Voigtian two-element model. 3. Denture displacement differed between occlusal force loading and unloading: dentures took longer to return to the original position during occlusal force unloading. 4. This time delay, indicating the degree of delayed elasticity of the palatal mucosa, was substantially shorter than the reported value based on local compression tests. Our study clearly shows that when a maxillary complete denture is worn, movement of the palatal mucosa approximates a closed system, and differs from localized open systems.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed2006

Evaluation of real-time single-shot fast spin-echo MRI for visualization of the fetal midline corpus callosum and secondary palate.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study was to assess the visibility of the fetal corpus callosum and soft palate on standard single-shot fast spin-echo (SSFSE) imaging versus real-time (RT) SSFSE imaging. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Part 1 of the study was a prospective analysis using a questionnaire rating the ease of use and utility of RT imaging. Part 2 of the study was a retrospective analysis of 69 fetal MRI studies with RT sagittal midline imaging of the head, face, or both. Standard and RT SSFSE image sets were de-identified, randomized, and shown to three pediatric neuroradiologists who rated on a 5-point scale whether the images were midline and how well they could see and characterize as normal the corpus callosum and secondary palate. The imaging results were correlated with postnatal diagnosis. Statistical methods included the Wilcoxon's signed rank test, McNemar chi-square test, and analysis of variance. RESULTS: Prospectively, the RT SSFSE technique was ranked as excellent in all the categories assessed. Retrospective analysis showed that the midline view obtained with RT SSFSE imaging was helpful in diagnosing the normal and abnormal secondary palate, allowing improved diagnosis of 19 (30.6%) of 62 cases of normal palate and four (57.1%) of seven cases of abnormal palate, when compared with the standard SSFSE technique. RT SSFSE imaging improved the ability to diagnose a normal corpus callosum on the midline view in 13 (27.6%) of 47 fetuses of 20 or more weeks gestational age. CONCLUSION: The RT SSFSE technique can aid in obtaining images in planes that are critical to the evaluation of a moving fetus, particularly when a midline sagittal view of the corpus callosum or palate is required. The use of this technique may lead to improved diagnosis of CNS or orofacial abnormalities in fetuses.

Corpus Callosum↗
PubMed2004

Outcomes for children with submucous cleft palate and velopharyngeal insufficiency.

OBJECTIVE: To review the outcomes of children with submucous cleft palate who also have velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI). METHODS: A retrospective chart review was carried out at a tertiary care academic centre of all patients who had VPI with a submucous cleft palate. The University of Iowa Cleft Palate registry parameters encompassing nasality (hyper- and hyponasality) were compared pre- and postoperatively. RESULTS: Preliminary results demonstrate a significant, stable improvement in children who underwent palatal surgery for VPI. CONCLUSION: Positive outcomes in the treatment of VPI in the submucous cleft palate population were demonstrated with a combined approach of speech therapy and palatal surgery.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2004

The displaced equine soft palate as a source of abnormal respiratory noise during expiration.

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: To develop the technique of respiratory sound analysis for the diagnosis of dorsal displacement of the equine soft palate. OBJECTIVES: To show that 1) the displaced soft palate can spontaneously vibrate in the presence of expiratory airflow; 2) the observed frequency of vibration can be detected in respiratory sound recordings; and 3) the frequency of vibrations measured in cadaveric specimens are similar to those obtained from audio spectra in exercising horses with DDSP. METHODS: Palatal movements and respiratory sounds were recorded from artificially ventilated cadaveric heads. The fundamental mode of palate vibrations calculated from high-speed videoendoscopic recordings was compared with frequencies detected in the audio spectra and with data collected from exercising horses with DDSP. RESULTS: Palate vibrations occurred when air was blown through the trachea. The fundamental mode of vibrations was present in the audio spectra and was not significantly different from those recorded in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: Vibrations of the soft palate are the probable source of expiratory sounds recorded in horses with DDSP. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: This study strengthens the case for the application of respiratory sound analysis in the diagnosis of DDSP in exercising horses.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Effects on retention of reducing the palatal coverage of complete maxillary dentures.

Twenty patients with complete dentures in both jaws gave up their maxillary ones for experimental purposes for 4 weeks while new dentures were made. The experimental dentures were reduced palatally to a new U-shaped border situated approximately 10 mm from the dental arch. Denture retention, defined as the ability of a denture to remain seated on the supporting tissues under various conditions, was measured as resistance towards cranially directed tilting loads, using a miniature bite force recorder. Dislodgement-provoking loads were applied to the first bicuspid on both sides and to the central incisors. The retention measurements were performed before and immediately after reduction of the palatal coverage and, finally, after 4 weeks. Interview questions were posed concerning the subjects' experience of denture retention and some other aspects of oral comfort. The interviews were carried out before reduction of the palatal coverage and after 2 and 4 weeks. The results of the experimental dislodgement tests suggested that the ability to withstand tilting loads was insignificantly altered by reduction of the palatal coverage. This finding was in agreement with responses indicating that retention during meals remained unchanged. However, several individuals reported that denture retention between meals was impaired. Three denture wearers reported that reduction of the palatal coverage influenced their sense of taste positively, and one reported that an occasional gagging tendency had disappeared. At the end of the experiment the participants were given the choice of a new conventional denture or a new denture without palatal coverage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Subperiosteal early resection of the mid-palatal suture. A morphological study in twelve patients operated for choanal atresia.

Twelve patients with choanal atresia were operated on by a method which involves a subperiosteal resection of the hard palate including the posterior two-thirds of the mid-palatal suture. In 7 patients, admitted for reoperation, peroperative examinations revealed an osseous defect in the posterior part of the hard palate. Biopsies showed that repair in this area was mostly by connective tissue, indicating that formation of new bone, regenerated from periost, is minimal in this part of the palate. Fresh specimens from 5 previously unoperated patients and from the anterior intact part of the palate of the reoperated patients, displayed that the mid-palatal suture was not obliterated even at 26 years of age. Longitudinally orientated intrasutural fibres and signs of active growth were evident up to puberty. The suture seemed to consist of three layers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Bony or connective tissue union of operated experimental palatal clefts: implications on growth of the dentomaxillary complex. A biometrical study in the domestic cat.

Operated human cleft palates heal with formation of bone and/or connective tissue in the mended defect (Prydsö, Holm, Dahl & Fogh-Andersen, 1974; Enemark & Jörgensen, 1978). In domestic cats with experimental palatal clefts, reparation by hard or soft tissue appears to be conditioned by the type of palatoplasty applied (Freng, 1979a; 1979b;). Both tissue responses led to reduced transversal growth of the maxillary base (Freng, 1979c; 1981). As regards the concurrent dental arch growth, however, no difference from unoperated controls was found in individuals with bone postoperatively bridging the palatal mid-line (Freng & Voss, 1982). A submucous cleft led to a significant reduction in transversally directed arch development (Voss & Freng, 1982). The present study aimed to find out if these observations could be due to a relatively smaller width of the maxillary base in operated cleft palates healing with connective tissue. However, no significant difference in maxillary base width appeared when the two groups were compared. To some extent, the effect of the cat's scissor bite, on the dental occlusal relationship, may simulate the effect of orthodontic appliances in humans by transmitting mandibulary growth into laterally directed movement of the upper jaw's teeth. The difference in dental arch growth between the two groups might therefore be interpreted either as expressing a better preservation of obtained compensatory transversal maxillary teeth movements in palates healing with bone bridges, or a tendency for the upper dental arch to collapse in cases with submucous mid-palatal clefts.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Premaxillary protrusion: a sonographic clue to bilateral cleft lip and palate.

Sonograms from 49 fetuses with cleft lip, with or without cleft palate, were reviewed. Among 37 fetuses with adequate pathologic or clinical correlation, 10 (27%) demonstrated premaxillary protrusion, seen as a paranasal echogenic mass. Nine of ten fetuses with a paranasal echogenic mass proved to have bilateral cleft lip and cleft palate. Conversely, only two of 27 fetuses who did not show a paranasal echogenic mass proved to have bilateral cleft lip and cleft palate, and neither of these fetuses showed premaxillary protrusion at birth. Sonographic evaluation of the cleft alone erroneously misclassified eight fetuses with bilateral cleft lip and cleft palate as having unilateral clefts. Premaxillary protrusion is an important clue to the presence of cleft lip and cleft palate and may be more conspicuous than the cleft itself. Furthermore, the presence of a paranasal echogenic mass favors the presence of bilateral cleft lip and cleft palate, even when sonographic evaluation of the cleft itself suggests a unilateral cleft. This information should be useful in the detection and management of fetuses with suspected facial clefts.

Cleft Lip↗
PubMed1999

Midline fusion in the formation of the secondary palate anticipated by upregulation of keratin K5/6 and localized expression of vimentin mRNA in medial edge epithelium.

Secondary palatal fusion is dependent on targeted removal of the epithelium between the palatal shelves. Aseptically delivered rat embryos 15 through 18 days post coitum (dpc) were probed with DIG-labeled antisense and sense ssDNA probes for spliced exon sequences flanking intron E of cytokeratins K5/6 and spliced exon sequences flanking intron F of vimentin. Cytokeratin K5/6 expression was upregulated in the medial edge epithelium (MEE) prior to rotation of the palatal shelves and in the vomerine epithelium in the region of fusion with the palate. K5/6 expression continued in the medial epithelial seam (MES) and in epithelial islands during breakdown of the MES. Vimentin expression was not detected in the MEE prior to rotation but was specifically upregulated in the MEE following rotation and prior to midline contact and continued in the MES and in epithelial cells identifiable during the breakdown of the MES. Initiation of vimentin upregulation in the MEE prior to contact of the palatal shelves was tested by serum-free organ culture of palates from embryos at 15.5 dpc with the shelves separated by a biocompatible membrane. Vimentin upregulation occurred in the epithelium specifically in the region of anticipated contact. These results are interpreted as indicating that i) cytokeratin K5/6 expression may play a critical role in the integration of the epithelial layers of the MES to ensure subsequent merging of the mesenchyme and ii) epithelial cells in the MEE are specifically 'primed' to upregulate expression of mesenchymal genes prior to integration into and breakdown of the MES.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Pathological and histological changes in the gingival mucosa under the action of denture bases with and without palatal scraping].

Histological examination showed that denture bases with palatal scraping ("Frankfurt Radierung") do not strain the palatal mucosa any more than is the case with any other palate-covering denture. If the irritation produced by the dental replacement is within the tolerance limits of the palatal mucosa, there will be no pathological changes in epithelium and submucosa in the area of the scraping borders. If the load put on the denture exceeds the tolerance level of the palatal mucosa, so that a denture stomatopathy is resulting, the changes observable in the entire palatal mucosa are also found in the areas where the scrapinb borders are located.

Denture Bases↗
PubMed1999

Maxillary growth after palatal denudation: an animal experiment.

BACKGROUND: Palate surgery at an early age may cause retardation of maxillary growth. The second intention healing of the raw bone surface created on the palate is considered to be the cause of the growth retardation. The animal experiment in this study was designed to evaluate this effect. METHODS: Four-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups. In the first group, a strip of mucoperiosteum was excised on both sides of the hard palate. A second group of rats received a sham surgery in which bilateral mucoperiosteal flaps were raised and redraped. The third group served as controls with no surgery. Flap elevation with and without excision was performed under an operative microscope to facilitate the delicate manipulation of tissue and to avoid injury to the underlying bone. The animals were killed 11 weeks later and the skulls were prepared for measurements, which included the palatal inter-molar width, maxillary height, and maxillary length. RESULTS: The results revealed statistically significant decreases in palatal width and maxillary length in the experimental group (excision of mucoperiosteum). No differences were observed in the vertical height of the maxilla. CONCLUSION: This study confirms that surgically created bone denudation of the palate causes maxillary growth disturbances.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of palatal and alveolar cysts of the newborn in premature and full-term infants.

PURPOSE: The frequency of cysts has been reported to be high in newborns, but they are rarely seen after three months of age. There has been a lack of studies describing the clinical prevalence in the premature infant after 22 weeks and less than 37 weeks gestation. The purpose of this study was to quantify and describe the clinical prevalence of palatal and alveolar cysts in premature infants as compared to full term infants. METHODS: Sixty premature infants, born at less than 37 weeks gestation, and 60 term infants, born greater than 37 weeks gestation, were examined in the first few days after birth for the presence of palatal and alveolar cysts. Alveolar cysts were further classified according to location as either maxillary or mandibular, and anterior or posterior. Information regarding birth weight, race, sex, and maternal health during pregnancy was also collected. RESULTS: The prevalence of palatal cysts in the premature infant (9%) is less than the prevalence in term infants (30%), to a statistically significant level (P < 0.004, by the Fisher's exact test). Differences between preterm and term infants were also noted in the prevalence of maxillary anterior alveolar cysts, (preterm having 27% and term 58%, P < 0.0005) and maxillary posterior alveolar cysts (preterm 2% and term 10%, P < 0.06). The prevalence of palatal and maxillary alveolar cysts was demonstrated to increase with increasing gestational age, increasing postnatal age, and increasing birth weight (by plots of cumulative percent). No significant differences were found for gender or for race. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of palatal and alveolar cysts in the premature infant is less than the prevalence in the full term infant to a statistically significant level. Palatal and maxillary alveolar cysts increase with increasing gestational age, post-natal age, and birth weight.

Age Factors↗