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PubMed2001

Determinants of body mass index in Greek children and adolescents.

The aim of this study was to investigate the determinants of body mass index (BMI) among Greek children and adolescents, such as parental age and BMI, number of family members in the household, parents' educational status and occupation, physical activity and hours of television viewing and playing computer games by children per day. This cross-sectional study included 2,495 children aged 6-17 years from primary and high schools of Thessaloniki, capital of Northern Greece. Data were collected by questionnaires concerning age, height and weight of the parents, number of family members, and socioeconomic status as determined by occupation and educational status of the parents. Our results revealed that overweight in Greek children and adolescents is influenced positively by several determinant factors, such as parental age and obesity, hours of television viewing, and negatively by a high parental educational level. No significant association was found between children's BMI and physical activity. Intervention and prevention measures should be targeted at the reduction of sedentary activities, especially television viewing, and promotion of physical activity. These measures should be directed at families that are affected and/or concerned with obesity.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Occupational health indicators for South Africa.

Indicators, statistics gathered from a larger pool because they have the power to summarize or to serve as indirect or proxy measures for information that is lacking, would be valuable in appraising occupational health status in a country provided data are both feasible and relatively inexpensive to collect. A generally accepted set of occupational health indicators does not exist. This project aimed to compile a set for South Africa. An initial set of possible indicators was compiled and then rated by key informants. A committee of the National Centre for Occupational Health selected a final set of 16 indicators. The indicators and limited data collected on some of them are presented with commentary. The validity and the impact of the indicators need to be formally assessed.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Thoracic magnetic dust content, occupational exposure, and respiratory status of shipyard welders.

The net thoracic magnetic moment of 58 highly exposed nonsmoking shipyard welders and 13 unexposed nonsmoking electricians was measured with an alternating current susceptibility bridge. The welding cohort exhibits a thorax magnetic moment, which on the average is less diamagnetic than that of the controls. This shift is consistent with a median lung burden of 110 mg Fe3O4, or 220 mg of the welding fumes characteristic for shipyard exposures. Among welders with 5+ yr of exposure, there is a slight but statistically significant correlation (r = 0.49) (p less than .0001) between inferred lung burden and lifetime occupational exposure. Although chronic bronchitis incidence and average lung function parameter values of the welders are different from those of the nonexposed cohort, respiratory status does not correlate further with either self-reported exposure or measured lung retention.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Status of functional assessment in occupational therapy with the elderly.

The purpose of this article is to describe the status of functional assessment in occupational therapy with older persons and its applications to the health care team. First, the traditional approach to functional assessment of older persons is reviewed, followed by several challenges directed toward this process. Second, a multidimensional assessment appropriate for use by trained allied health professionals is described. Finally, two recent assessments are presented as examples for the future.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2002

Obesity and myocardial infarction--vulnerability related to occupational level and marital status. A 23-year follow-up of an urban male Swedish population.

BACKGROUND: People, who are single, have a blue-collar job or low income have an increased cardiovascular risk. This study on myocardial infarction sought to explore whether the socio-economic pattern of disease has any relationship with obesity. METHODS: In the cohort are 20,099 middle-aged men of whom 9,150 were manual and 9,190 nonmanual workers and 1,759 were self-employed. A total of 4,081 were single, 16,018 cohabiting. The body mass index (BMI) cut-off values for overweight and obesity were 25-30 and >/=30 kg m-2, respectively. Local and national registers were used to monitor incidence of events over 18 years. RESULTS: Obesity was associated with an increased incidence of coronary events and deaths in each occupational group. Being single significantly increased the risk associated with obesity. After stratification for civil status the risk associated with obesity was limited to those who were single and who either had a blue-collar job or were self-employed. The multivariate-adjusted relative risk (RR) of coronary events and deaths in obese manual workers who were single was 1.91 (95% confidence interval: 1.21-3.02) and 2.54 (1.74-3.69), respectively, times higher than it was amongst those who were cohabiting. Amongst those who were self-employed, the corresponding age-adjusted RRs were 4.79 (1.69-13.57) and 3.80 (1.62-8.93). CONCLUSIONS: Adjusted for lifestyle and biological risk factors, the increased risk of coronary events and death for obese men with manual jobs was applicable only to those who were single. It is concluded that being single significantly increases the cardiovascular risk associated with obesity.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Developmental status and goals in occupational therapy. The "Guidelines for Occupational Therapy in Psychiatric Hospitals"].

Work therapy, or ergotherapy, is a recognised and permanent part of psychiatric treatment and medical rehabilitation. It is also an essential part of psychiatric diagnosis and therapy; furthermore, it enables the patient to develop and stabilise a realistic image of himself and contributes to the prevention and reduction of damage caused by hospitalism. The present status of work therapy was checked in 74 psychiatric hospitals throughout the Federal Republic of Germany, resulting in the need for further development of present practical procedures. A working group was created by the Federal Ministry of Labour and National Welfare within the framework of the model programme for psychiatry, at the suggestion of a Federal Working Group of the organisations running public mental hospitals in the FRG. The aim of this working group was to develop a specialised concept of work therapy. The group consisted of experts from clinical practice as well as from the Federal German Labour Office Institution, psychiatric consultants of the Federal Government and the Land Governments, as well as from the Land Government sponsors of state social welfare services. The "Guidelines for Work Therapy in Psychiatric Hospitals and Departments of Psychiatry" are officially considered to be a suitable basis for further development work in the field of ergotherapy.

Germany, West↗
PubMed1990

Psychological predictors of young adults' drinking behaviors.

Path analyses using data from 72 men and 78 women between 22 and 32 years of age compared two models linking personality (conflict resolution styles, intimacy maturity, and occupational identity status) and social roles (family and work status) to young adults' alcohol use. Poor conflict resolution skills and less adult work statuses best accounted for men's excessive drinking, and problems with intimacy best accounted for women's use of alcohol to alleviate emotional distress. In addition, poor conflict resolution skills partly mediated the effects of parent's drinking on son's alcohol consumption. Occupational identity status and intimacy maturity correlated with men's use of drugs rather than men's alcohol use.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Occupational uroepithelial cancer: current status in Wakayama city and clinical study].

According to the records of Wakayama Labor Standard Office, at least 1,085 workers had been exposed to benzidine or beta-naphthylamine in the dyestuff factories in Wakayama City. By October 1988, 101 of them (9.3%) were confirmed to have urinary tract tumors. Including 2 other cases exposed in Osaka, a total of 103 cases of occupational uroepithelial cancer were studied here clinically. Site of tumors was bladder in 91 cases, renal pelvis in 2, ureter in 5 and papillomatosis type in 5. The age at the time of diagnosis ranged from 25 to 87 years with a mean of 53.8 years. The average latent period was 22.7 years, but the older the age of the worker at the start of exposure, the shorter was the latent period. In Wakayama, the proper system of healthy examination for chemical workers using urinary cytology was begun in 1970. Since then, more tumor cases have been discovered in comparison to the patients admitted with subjective symptoms of hematuria. The effectiveness of this group examination was significant in the incidence of total cystectomy in surgical treatment and in survival rate. In the comparative study between the groups of patients with occupational and spontaneous bladder cancer, the average age at diagnosis in the former was about ten years younger. Although the histological grade of tumor was not different between the two groups, the incidence of total cystectomy was lower and the survival rate was significantly higher in the occupational group.

2-Naphthylamine↗
PubMed1990

Maternal employment following childbirth.

This longitudinal study was an investigation of differences in demographic, health, psychosocial, and family variables, and in functional status for nonoccupational activities, between employed and nonemployed mothers for 6 months following childbirth. Variables associated with employed mothers' functional status in occupational activities also were examined. Fifty-three (58%) of the 92 women in the sample were employed by 6 months postpartum. Although employed mothers performed more roles than nonemployed mothers, the two groups appeared more similar than different on the variables studied. In addition, functional status for occupational activities was positively related to parity and level of physical energy.

Adaptation, Psychological↗