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Results for “OSMOSIS”

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At least 1,153 records · Page 64Linked to original sources
PubMed1960

Osmotic pressure and aqueous humor formation in dogfish.

Comparative chemical analyses show the aqueous humor of smooth dogfish has lower concentrations of urea and trimethylamine oxide than the blood plasma. Freezing-point depression determinations demonstrate that the aqueous humor has a correspondingly lower osmotic pressure. It would appear that water entering the aqueous humor from the plasma is moving against an osmotic gradient.

Animals↗
PubMed1961

Control of osmotic pressure of culture solutions with polyethylene glycol.

Experiments with kidney beans indicate that Carbowax polyethylene glycol, molecular weight 20,000, upon purification, may be used as an agent to control the osmotic pressure of plant nutrient solutions without the hazard of interference with normal metabolic processes. With the sodium electrode and the thermocouple psychrometer, interaction between ions and Carbowax is shown to lead to a slight dissociation of the latter.

Glycols↗
PubMed1961

Action of d-tubocurarine chloride on net flux of water across isolated frog skin.

d-Tubocurarine chloride, when added to the solution bathing the outside of the isolated frog skin, enhances the net flux of water which arises from the influence of an osmotic gradient. Although this effect appears to result from alteration in the pore size of the membrane, it is not accompanied by any consistent change in the resting potential.

Animals↗
PubMed1962

Prediction of ultrafiltration membrane performance.

A theory for ultrafiltration is presented which makes possible the characterization of a membrane at a given temperature and solute concentration by a single experiment at that temperature and concentration. The theory is applied to data in the literature and is shown to be consistent with those data.

Filtration↗
PubMed1962

Partitioning of body fluids in the Lake Nicaragua shark and three marine sharks.

The relative volumes of major body fluids of freshwater and marine sharks are remarkably similar in spite of the differences in external medium and in osmotic pressure of body fluids. The small differences detected are in agreement with differences reported in comparisons of freshwater and marine teleosts: a slightly higher total water content and a smiller ratio of extracellular to intracellular fluids in freshwater forms.

Animals↗
PubMed1963

MUSCLE: VOLUME CHANGES IN ISOLATED SINGLE FIBERS.

Volumetric experiments on single fibers isolated from semiten-dinosus muscles of frogs, some performed in correlation with measurements of membrane potential, confirm the data obtained on whole muscles, but only for the specific range of conditions in which most of the latter experiments have been done. These conditions are restricted to media in which the anion ( Cl usually) is permanent and the K is 10 to 12.5 meqlliter, or four to five times above the normal level in Ringer's solution. When other ionic conditions are employed, phenomena are disclosed which have not previously been described. The findings throw doubt upon the validity of some generally accepted views regarding the permeability properties of the membrane of frog muscle fibers and regarding the nature of the mechanisms which regulate their volume.

Animals↗
PubMed1963

ELECTROPHYSIOLOGIC INDICATIONS OF THE OSMOREGULATORY ROLE OF THE TELEOST UROPHYSIS.

Tilapia mossambica when placed in salt water shows an increase in the frequency of spontaneous discharges in some neurosecretory fibers in the urophysis of the caudal neurosecretory system. Exposure to tap water usually depresses this activity. The nature of the ion-regulatory action of the caudal neurosecretory system of teleosts remains conjectural, but the data currently available indicate the possible production of two kinds of neurohormones, one which favors ion movement in the normal direction and another which has the opposite eJffect in response to abnormal osmotic circumstances.

Animals↗
PubMed1964

SYNAPTIC "LEARNING" DUE TO ELECTROOSMOSIS: A THEORY.

Since the interstitial water of the central nervous system is in narrow channels between cells that have surface charge, electroosmotic flow of water should accompany current flow. Current density is high close to an excitatory postsynaptic membrane and the electroosmotic effect must be significant. Simultaneity relationships between action potentials in pre- and postsynaptic cells affect postsynaptic membrane current density and modulate the effect in a way which should produce "learning."

Brain↗
PubMed1964

IMMUNO-OSMOPHORESIS, A RAPID AND SENSITIVE METHOD FOR EVALUATING VIRUSES.

Characteristic antigen-antibody interactions in agar gel were obtained in 50 to 90 minutes in an electrical field with microgram quantities of three plant viruses, which were either in purified form or in crude plant juice. The method was faster and more senstive than agar-gel diffusion.

Antigen-Antibody Reactions↗