A negro nurse in industry.
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Black People↗
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Results for “OCCUPATION AND PROFESSIONS”
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The role of nurses in industry, a straight road to new horizons.
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Humans↗
The nurse on the industrial medicine team.
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Humans↗
ESSENTIALS of medical-nursing services in industry.
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Breast Feeding↗
Industrial nurses should practice preventive care.
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Humans↗
[Estimation of incapacity to work in medico-legal opinions given by clinicians and forensic medicine specialists from the Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice--comparative analysis].
After amending the rules obligatory for decision making about the incapacity to work and social insurance in district courts observed in the practice of the Department of Forensic Medicine Medical University of Silesia, Katowice. Our Department is usually appointed for a second opinion in legal pension proceedings. In the first place courts appoint physicians being experts in particular fields of clinical medicine. Irrespective of all differences in the accepted conclusion a comparative analysis of medico-legal opinions given by forensic medicine specialists or groups of experts from the Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, showed flaws in the way opinions were handed down by individual experts relating to the lack of the state of general health estimation in people contesting for pensions as well as ignorance of the obligatory rules and procedures when deciding about incapacity to work in pension proceedings. It is known that physicians appointed by the court establish only whether the examined person can work or not, but do not give any information about the character of incapacity and do not consider the possibility of therapeutic rehabilitation within the extent of the pension prevention by the Social Insurance Department nor a chance to change ones profession due to the incapacity to work in the present occupation. While presenting their opinions, physicians very often suggest the need of additional opinions given by other physicians being experts in particular fields of clinical medicine. On the basis of the above mentioned remarks the authors show the necessity for greater control over all medico legal opinions and by the court decision making process as well as the verification of experts qualifications taking into consideration of economy and the need to make the proceedings shorter.
Academic Medical Centers↗
[Physician-patient relationship: a forgotten need?].
The medical-patient relation has a big weight in the medical practice. There have been different medical codes that highlight the importance of this relation and the existence of the patient's rights; nevertheless, its repercussion has been scarce. A few time ago, this relation was established among a clear binomial: the doctor and the patient, but now this binomial is very complex and it seems to have disappeared. The main models of the medical-patient relation are: Activity-Passiveness, Guide-Cooperation, and Participation. Currently, the medical-patient relation has been deteriorated because it was interfered by external factors, such as: socioeconomic problems, those due to the technological development and those attributable to the doctor's conduct. It seems fundamental to recover this relation, as a part of the medical art. The solution is not easy and involves the need to count with legal mechanisms that protect the doctors and patients rights. Besides, it will be important to carry out deep changes in the models of health education. If the medical-patient relation is not prioritized as an important part of the medical exercise, our profession would face the risk of only becoming a technical occupation.
Ethics, Medical↗
[Rational nutrition under the effect of occupational noise on the body].
Basing on medical literature data, the contributors deal with the positive role of diet therapy, including specific food substances and their complexes, in case with patients from noise-affected occupations. Prophylactic diet patterns are proposed specifically intended for workers engaged in intensive industrial noise professions.
Amino Acids↗
Human immunodeficiency virus seropositivity among members of the active duty US Army 1985-89.
Between October 1985 and June 1989, most active duty US Army soldiers were screened for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody. Of 648,032 screened soldiers in this analysis, 1,588 were HIV-antibody positive. In a multivariate analysis, correlates of positivity included: age [Adjusted Odds Ratios (ref less than 20 years) = 20-24 years, 3.7; 25-29, 9.3; 30-34, 15.7; greater than or equal to 35, 15.9]; being male, [4.2]; being Black or Hispanic (vs white) [3.7 and 3.0, respectively]; being single (vs married) [3.8]; assignment to an HIV endemic location [1.7], and having a medical occupation [2.7, 2.7, and 2.6 for negligible, low, and high blood exposure professions, respectively]. Seropositivity rate ratios for medical vs non-medical personnel were 0.7 [95% CI = 0.4, 1.4] for females and 2.9 [95% CI = 2.5, 3.3] for males. For male medical personnel, being single (vs married) correlated strongly with antibody positivity [prevalence ratio = 3.4, 95% CI = 2.6, 4.6]. Excess HIV risk among medical personnel appeared largely attributable to factors other than occupational exposures.
Adult↗
[The prevalence of chronic bronchitis among workers in the dust-exposed occupations of machinery building].
Mass screenings (2455 persons) evidence high incidence of chronic bronchitis among workers of dust-related professions in the machine-building industry (foundry workers, electric welders, etc.) as compared with workers not subjected to effects of the dust factor. The frequency of chronic bronchitis was effected by length of work, character of dust profession, age, smoking.
Bronchitis↗
Occupational stress and constructive thinking: health and job satisfaction.
BACKGROUND: Occupational stress is associated with specific situations, characteristics of the work environment, and individual perceptions and reactions in the context of the workplace, but many nursing studies of occupational stress have tended to analyse aspects related to the job itself. In Brazil nursing is acknowledged as a stressful occupation whose stresses are generally associated with the job itself, while the effects of personal characteristics on an individual's response to occupational stress are dismissed. AIMS: The aim of this paper is to describe: (1) occupational stress, job satisfaction and state of health in Brazilian nurses, and (2) the relationship of these variables to a constructive thinking coping style. METHODS: A correlational study was performed during 1999 with 461 nurses recruited from the public health and education system in the Federal District of Brazil. Instruments used were the Nursing Stress Inventory, Constructive Thinking Inventory, subscales of the Occupational Stress Indicator, and a researcher-designed questionnaire. RESULTS: Normal distributions were found for occupational stress, state of health (physical and psychological), and job satisfaction. Results suggest that nurses have fewer psychological health problems and similar job satisfaction compared with other Brazilian government white-collar workers. Occupational stress was directly associated with state of health, and inversely associated with global constructive thinking and job satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: Brazilian nurses in this study seem to have adapted satisfactorily to their profession, but the finding that constructive thinking was significantly related to psychological ill-health, occupational stress and physical ill-health highlights a need to value individual coping styles in the work environment.
Adaptation, Psychological↗
Comparison of performance in materials-based occupation, imagery-based occupation, and rote exercise in nursing home residents.
Materials-based occupation, imagery-based occupation, and rote exercise have been examined individually by several researchers. The present study compares all three approaches with one another (i.e., kicking a balloon, imagining kicking a balloon, and a control rote exercise) in nursing home residents. The dependent variable was the number of exercise repetitions. The subjects were 12 women and 3 men between 56 and 93 years of age residing in two nursing homes. All subjects experienced the three approaches but in different orders. One-way analysis of variance for related measures indicated a significant difference among conditions (p = .004). The Tukey procedure (Stevens, 1986) determined that the materials-based occupation condition elicited significantly more repetitions than the other two conditions. The difference between the imagery-based occupation and rote exercise was not statistically significant. These findings support our profession's historical emphasis on the use of physical materials to enhance performance.
Activities of Daily Living↗
Suicide among regular-duty military personnel: a retrospective case-control study of occupation-specific risk factors for workplace suicide.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the epidemiology, phenomenology, and occupation-specific risk factors for suicide among regular-duty military personnel as a model for other professions at risk for workplace suicide. METHOD: Suicide incidence and methods were determined in a retrospective military cohort comprising all deaths (N=732) of regular-duty military personnel in the Irish Defence Forces between 1970 and 2002. A retrospective, case-control study using pair-matched military comparison subjects was conducted to determine occupation-specific risk factors for suicide, particularly by firearm, among military personnel. Risk factors were subjected to chi-square analysis or independent t tests and entered into a binary logistic regression analysis model. RESULTS: The period-averaged suicide rate for the cohort was 15.3/100,000. Firearm suicides accounted for 53% of the cases. Suicides that took place on duty occurred predominantly when personnel were alone shortly after duty commencement in the morning. Bivariate and logistic regression analyses identified psychiatric illness and a past history of deliberate self-harm, morning duty (shortly after duty assumption and consequent access to firearms), and a recent medical downgrading as independent risk factors predicting firearm suicide among military personnel. CONCLUSIONS: Occupation influences suicide method. Access to and opportunity to use lethal means in the workplace are distinct but related occupation-specific suicide risk factors in the military and in other at-risk professions. In professions where access to lethal means is inevitable, moderating opportunity for suicide is crucially important. In regular-duty military personnel, a medical downgrading, combined with risk factors established in civilians such as younger age, male gender, psychiatric illness, and past self-harm, increases the risk of suicide. The findings may be used to guide military harm-reduction strategies and have applicability in strategies for other professions at risk for workplace suicide.
Adolescent↗
Occupational therapy and special education: some issues and concerns related to Public Law 94-142.
Because of the evolving nature of the professions involved in providing services to the developmentally disabled as mandated by PL 94-142, the potential of theoretical and programmatic conflict exists. Some of the philosophical differences and similarities between occupational therapy and special education are reviewed. Two conceptual approaches to therapy and education are identified. The first approach is based on the medical model, which emphasized diagnostic evaluation to determine the cause of a disorder and the prescription of remedial activities to alleviate the dysfunction. The second approach is the task analysis model, which emphasized task content and behaviorally based teaching strategies and objectives. It is proposed that, through a mutual understanding and cooperative effort on the part of all professionals, the two models may be combined to provide comprehensive services to the developmentally disabled.
Adolescent↗
Developing guidelines for client-centred occupational therapy practice.
The Canadian Guidelines for the client-centred practice of occupational therapy are national, generic, consensus guidelines developed to address growing concerns inside and outside the profession for assuring the quality of health services. From 1979 to 1987, successive Task Forces, sponsored by the Department of National Health and Welfare and the Canadian Association of Occupational Therapists, developed three volumes of guidelines. A pivotal guideline in Volume I is a conceptual framework of occupational therapy's central concern: occupational performance within an individual's physical, cultural and social environment. Volume I also outlines stages in the process of client-centred occupational therapy practice, and specific assessment and program planning guidelines. Volume II covers issues, concepts and fundamental elements of intervention, as well as specific guidelines for intervention, discharge, follow-up and evaluation. Volume III reviews issues in outcome measurement given occupational therapy's primary concern for occupational performance. The authors, members of the Task Forces, provide an overview of the development of and their hopes for the Guidelines. Uses and influences of the Guidelines have not been formally documented. However, projects are arising from the Guidelines and a new CAOT Client-Centred Practice Committee is proposing an updating process for the three volumes.
Canada↗
The effects of gender disparities on dental hygiene education and practice in Europe.
In Europe, over 96.5% of dental hygienists are women. The objective of this report was to examine the impact of gender role stereotyping on the image of the dental hygiene profession and on disparities in educational attainment and work regulations within Europe. Data pertaining to regulated or non-regulated dental hygiene practice in 22 European countries were analysed according to possible gender impact on access to education and on the structure of the delivery of care. It was examined whether there is a correlation between national differences found in the dental hygiene profession and gender related disparities found in other work-related areas. Results show that the gender bias in the dental hygiene profession has an effect on equal access to education, and on equal occupational opportunities for dental hygienists within the European Union (EU) and beyond. In northern Europe, higher educational attainment in the field of dental hygiene, more extensive professional responsibilities and greater opportunities for self-employment in autonomous practice tend to correlate with greater equality in the work force. In eastern Europe, lower educational and professional opportunities in dental hygiene correlate with greater gender disparities found in other work-related areas. In some western European countries, the profession has not been implemented because of the political impact of organised dentistry, which expects financial loss from autonomous dental hygiene practice. In order to fulfil mandates of the EU, initiatives must be taken to remove the gender bias in the delivery of preventive care and to promote equal access to educational attainment and to professional development in the whole of Europe for those who choose to do so.
Career Mobility↗
The rural-urban distribution of health professionals in Georgia.
In this paper, the rural/urban geographic distribution of licensed health professionals living in the state of Georgia is examined. Using 1983 data from the State Examining Boards, 13 health professions were studied to determine rural and urban differences. Three indicators of ruralness were used to classify county of residence: metropolitan/nonmetropolitan, metropolitan proximity, and size of county population. Results from data analyses indicate a severe geographic maldistribution of health professionals. With all three indicators, 11 of the 13 professions had urban rates of professionals-to-population substantially higher than the corresponding rural rates. A linear configuration seems to illustrate the relationship between the availability of health professionals and the ruralness of the county--as the county becomes more rural, the number of health professionals per population decreases. The percentage increase in physicians since 1968 and nurses since 1979 in nonmetropolitan counties was slightly higher than in metropolitan counties, indicating that this gap is closing somewhat. The most severe rural/urban differences in the number of professionals which per population were found in the more specialized health professions per tended to be the smallest in terms of numbers of members (e.g., occupational therapists, psychologists, speech pathologists/audiologists, podiatrists, opticians and physical therapists). These differences ranged up to a 20 plus-fold difference. Physicians, chiropractors, dentists, physician assistants and registered nurses also had relatively large rural/urban differences but less than the more specialized professions.
Data Collection↗
Perceptions of practitioners, educators, and students concerning the role of the occupational therapy practitioner.
In this study, the attitudes of 348 occupational therapy educators, practitioners, and students were assessed concerning the perceived role of the practitioner. The three groups' perceptions of the practitioner's role offers a starting point from which changes in education and practice can be made to reflect the profession's pending decisions concerning physical modalities, unification of theory and practice, and status of the profession. A 4-point Likert scale was used to measure the subjects' responses to 19 statements on major professional issues concerning occupational therapy's unique philosophical base, the appropriateness of certain treatment modalities, and the profession's future focus. One-way analyses of variance, Student-Newman-Keuls (Winer, 1971) procedures, and t tests were performed to identify attitudinal differences by respondent type, specialty area, and length of clinical experience. The results indicated agreement among all respondents that occupational therapists should be skilled in analyzing activities and that occupational therapy services should be covered by third-party payment. Additionally, strong attitudinal differences were identified among educators, practitioners, and students regarding treatment modalities and therapists' role characteristics.
Attitude of Health Personnel↗