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At least 1,153 records · Page 64Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Improving of underground work technology at mining facilities and problems of industrial hygiene].

Mechanization of underground works in mines has induced increased air content of dust and gas, a rise in noise and vibration, microclimate deterioration. The prevalence of occupational pulmonary diseases in mines has increased. Further efforts to improved the situation should be aimed at improvement of requirements to hygienic characteristics of the equipment, setting up of adequate conditioning and health protection measures.

Air Conditioning↗
PubMed1994

Excess leukemia and multiple myeloma in a mining county in northeast Texas.

From 1950 to 1979, cancer mortality rates in Titus County, Texas, increased with a significant excess of deaths from leukemia, lymphoma, brain and liver cancers, and melanoma. County residents requested this study to verify the apparent excess of cancer. Newly diagnosed cases of cancer among white residents from 1977 to 1984 were ascertained from the Texas Cancer Registry, hospital records, and death certificates. Direct and indirect methods were used to calculate incidence rates and standardized incidence ratios (SIR). We identified 663 cancers for 148,470 person-years of observation. No overall excess of cancer was found. However, we found a significant excess of leukemia (SIR = 2.53, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.86, 3.30) and multiple myeloma (SIR = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.02, 3.14). The reasons for the increased SIRs are unknown. However, the excess of cancers in this mining community may be relevant to the ongoing debate on the health effects of the disposal of combustion wastes from mining and fossil fuel and on the need for stricter regulations. Other potential risk factors include the presence of petrochemical and poultry industries. regulations. Other potential risk factors include the presence of petrochemical and poultry industries.

Cause of Death↗
PubMedDate not supplied

From explosions to black lung: a history of efforts to control coal mine dust.

Highlights in the history of efforts to prevent occupational lung disease among coal miners in the United States are reviewed. The Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act of 1969 is summarized, and the sources and effects of its provisions to prevent coal workers' pneumoconiosis are examined. Descriptions follow of the identification of coal workers' pneumoconiosis as a disease, identification of respirable coal mine dust as its cause, and establishment and enforcement of an exposure limit. The development of prevention efforts focusing on surveillance of both exposure and outcome and of enforcement of dust control methods is examined.

Coal Mining↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Respiratory protection in the mining industry.

Because respirators may have adverse effects on an individual, it is important that the occupational physician understand these effects and appropriate respirator use in the mining industry. Few studies have been performed on the effects of respirator wear among workers who may have some physiologic impairment. This chapter reviews the relevant regulations, types of respirators used in the mining industry, and the various effects of their use, as well as provides reasonable guidelines for determining fitness to wear these devices.

Contraindications↗
PubMed1996

[Toxicity of chemicals produced by thermal destruction of synthetic materials based on polyvinyl chloride and used in coal mines].

The experiments on mongrel white rats studied toxicity of the products appearing during thermal destruction of conveyer tape TK-200 based on polyvinyl chloride and used in coal mines. The studies helped to define parameters of acute toxicity and the MACs for products of the conveyer tape burning, considering the main contents and the exposure intensity for 30-120 minutes; to determine jeopardy class; to calculate specific volatilization; to design recommendations for prevention of poisoning during fire in the mines.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed1996

[Analysis of population attributable risk of breast cancer in urban and mining districts inhabitants].

In order to study the risk factors associated with female breast cancer, two 1:2 matched case-control studies were conducted from 1986 to 1993 in five cities in Hubei province and from 1991 to 1994 in Pingdingshan coal mining districts in Henan province. The results of multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis showed that history of breast diseases, number of births, age of first birth were major risk factors for breast cancer in urban inhabitants. Their adjusted attributable risks (PARs) were 0.3917, 0.3564, 0.1414 respectively. The combined population attributable risks (PAR) for the three factors was 0.7419. History of breast disease, number of births, menstrual disorder, family history of breast cancer were major risk factors in the Mining districts. Their PARs were 0.1487, 0.4781, 0.1282, 0.0791 respectively. PAR for four factors was 0.6952.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The characteristics of the body's functional status and the state of the health of pupils in mining trade schools in an industrial zone].

The article presents results of study into the level of physical development, condition of the cardiovascular-, respiratory-, central nervous systems, immunobiologic resistance of the organism, prevalence of morphofunctional deviations from the norm, and morbidity rates among the students of the mining-trade secondary school (aged 15-18). It has been found out that adverse ecological situation in urban centres of the Donetsk Province together with specific character of training for occupation in coal industry have a marked negative effect on the functional status as well as health status of the adolescents. On the basis of the studies made a complex of measures has been designed to maintain and promote the health of students of the mining-trade secondary schools.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[The control of the level of nitrogen oxides in the air of mines when using diesel-drive machines].

Laboratory and occupational studies evaluated up-to-date methods determining nitrogen oxides in atmosphere of mines. The authors elaborated new methods assessing nitrogen oxides in the air and suggested some improvements of the present techniques in accordance with specific conditions of mines. A novelty is a correction coefficient for assessment of nitrogen oxides through express method (indicator tubes).

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed1998

[Morbidity with temporary disability among miners of underground and surface mines].

The authors studied morbidity with transitory disablement among miners of open and deep mines. The morbidity parameters appeared to differ reliably between deep miners and open-cut miners. The morbidity structure is demonstrated. The authors revealed strong direct correlation between the morbidity parameters and intensity of occupational hazards in the mine.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Environmental radiation levels in central Florida's phosphate mining district.

Environmental levels of radionuclides and gamma radiation were measured in two communities located near active phosphate mining areas in Florida. Activated carbon canisters and alpha track detectors were used to measure indoor air levels of radon in approximately 100 private homes. Elevated levels of radon (> 4 picocuries per liter [pCi/L]) were detected in 8 of 27 homes in a community built on reclaimed land that had been previously mined. In a nearby community built on unmined land, elevated levels of radon were detected in 1 of 69 homes. All of the homes with elevated levels of radon were built on concrete slabs. Outdoor gamma radiation levels were significantly greater in the reclaimed area than in the unmined area. Air particulates collected from outdoor ambient air at three locations did not contain elevated levels of radionuclides.

Air Pollution, Indoor↗
PubMed1998

[Sanitary evaluation of microclimate conditions at the ore mining and alluvial pits sites].

The authors summarized results of hygienic research carried in pits of Transbaikal region, Yakutia. Tchukotka, Kazakhstan, Kirgizia, Krivoy Rog, European North and other areas. Microclimate parameters in winze of mining and alluvial pits appeared to vary significantly and to depend on certain specific factors (depth of mining, climate geographic zone of the enterprise, temperature of the ores treated, etc.). Considering degree of influence on workers' heat state, taking into account significance of clothes heat insulation required, the authors defined 4 types of microclimate at workplace. For operative selection of optimal special clothing set, the authors represent dependence of proper heat resistance of clothes for main and auxiliary occupations on microclimate conditions.

Climate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mining protein data from two-dimensional gels: tools for systematic post-planned analyses.

There is a considerable need to develop comprehensive, systematic mechanisms to analyze the vast number of proteins that orchestrate various cellular functions and to identify proteins associated with disease or that are affected by pharmacological agents. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-D PAGE) continues to be relied upon to analyze protein constituents of cells and tissues. We have developed a Laboratory Information Processing System (LIPS) as a computer-based tool for capturing quantitative and qualitative changes in thousands of proteins detected in 2-D gels of various types. Protein databases have been developed to serve as a repository for data processing of the basic and derived data and of findings derived from different studies. There have been remarkable advances both in database technology as well as in the computer hardware that have benefited our effort at mining protein data from 2-D gels. We here review our current efforts aimed at improving the performance and features of our 2-D related protein databases, with particular emphasis on the tools we utilize for database mining via a systematic analysis of information known as post-planned analysis.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1998

Mining the human proteome: experience with the human lymphoid protein database.

We have undertaken an effort in the past five years aimed at developing a database of lymphoid proteins detectable by two-dimensional (2-D) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The database contains 2-D patterns and derived information pertaining to: (i) polypeptide constituents of unstimulated and stimulated mature T cells and immature thymocytes; (ii) cultured T cells and cell lines that have been manipulated by transfection with a variety of constructs or by treatment with specific agents; (iii) single cell-derived T and B cell clones; (iv) cells obtained from patients with lymphoproliferative disorders and leukemia; and (v) a variety of other relevant cell populations. The database has experienced a substantial expansion in 2-D patterns it contains, numbering currently 9167 individual 2-D patterns. This number represents a fraction of the 30,682 2-D patterns maintained in our databases. The capacity to design and undertake experiments, produce high-quality 2-D patterns, and to undertake simple or rudimentary analyses of 2-D patterns to meet the basic needs of the experiments for which the 2-D gels were produced has exceeded the capacity to fully and uniformly integrate information generated from any gel image or experiment, across all images and experiments. While only a fraction of the information in the 2-D patterns contained in the lymphoid database has been mined, novel findings derived from querying the database point to the merits of this protein based approach. Additional resources have recently been put into place to mine more effectively data pertaining to protein expression in lymphoid cells.

Cell Cycle↗
PubMed2001

Preliminary implementation of new data mining techniques for the analysis of simulation data from Genetic Analysis Workshop 12: problem 2.

We introduce a new data mining method applicable to complex disease genetics. Our approach is suited to a broad spectrum of diseases, identifying the noteworthy sharing of combinations of alleles in unrelated affected individuals. Furthermore, this approach may be extended to comprise the common types of genotype data, including single-nucleotide polymorphisms, candidate-gene sequences, etc. Using a method derived from data-mining computer algorithms, we analyze a data set of unrelated affected individuals chosen from the simulated pedigrees of problem 2 of the Genetics Analysis Workshop 12. We observe that most marker subsets containing a flanking marker for each of six or seven of the disease-gene loci yield significant numbers of individuals manifesting substantially similar genotypes. However, initial attempts (blind to the generating model) to identify the predisposing loci have not been successful. Refining our methods so that such loci may routinely be found and validated is underway.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2001

Applying data mining techniques to the mapping of complex disease genes.

The simulated sequence data for the Genetic Analysis Workshop 12 were analyzed using data mining techniques provided by SAS ENTERPRISE MINER Release 4.0 in addition to traditional statistical tests for linkage and association of genetic markers with disease status. We examined two ways of combining these approaches to make use of the covariate data along with the genotypic data. The result of incorporating data mining techniques with more classical methods is an improvement in the analysis, both by correctly classifying the affection status of more individuals and by locating more single nucleotide polymorphisms related to the disease, relative to analyses that use classical methods alone.

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMed2001

Mining associations between genetic markers, phenotypes, and covariates.

We used Haplotype Pattern Mining, HPM [Toivonen et al., Am J Hum Genet 67:133-45, 2000], for gene localization in Genetic Analysis Workshop (GAW) 12 isolate data. In HPM, association is analyzed by searching all trait-associated haplotype patterns. Data mining algorithms are utilized to make the search efficient. The strength of the haplotype-trait associations is measured by a linear model, into which a pre-seelected set of covariates is incorporated. Marker-wise patterns of association are used for predicting the disease gene location. Genome-wide scans of susceptibility genes for affection status as well as for the quantitative traits (Q1-Q5) were performed. First analyses were made with small sample sizes, 63-94 trios per trait, which is compared with a pilot study of a larger complex disease-mapping project. Subsequently, the analysis was repeated with approximately 600 cases and 600 controls per trait to give higher power to the analyses. With small sample sizes, only the susceptibility genes having the strongest effects on the traits could be localized. The larger sample size gave very good results: all susceptibility genes, except one, could be correctly localized. First experiments on candidate genes suggested that HPM is applicable even to fine mapping of mutations in DNA sequence.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2002

Identification of cancer/testis genes by database mining and mRNA expression analysis.

Cancer/testis (CT) antigens are immunogenic proteins expressed predominantly in gametogenic tissue and cancer; they are considered promising target molecules for cancer vaccines. The identification of new CT genes is essential to the development of polyvalent cancer vaccines designed to overcome tumor heterogeneity and antigen loss. In the current study, a search for new CT genes was conducted by mining the Unigene database for gene clusters that contain expressed sequence tags derived solely from both normal testis and tumor-derived cDNA libraries. This search identified 1,325 different cancer/testis-associated Unigene clusters. The mRNA expression pattern of 73 cancer/testis-associated Unigene clusters was assessed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Three gene products, CT15/Hs.177959, CT16/Hs.245431 and CT17/Hs.178062, were detected only in testis and in tumor tissue. CT15 is equivalent to ADAM2/fertilin-beta. CT16, an uncharacterized gene product, has homology (30-50%) to members of the GAGE gene family and is 89% identical to CT16.2/Hs.293317, indicating that CT16 and CT16.2 are members of a new GAGE gene family. The uncharacterized gene product, CT17, has homology (30%) to phospholipase A1. RT-PCR analysis showed that CT15 is expressed exclusively in renal cancer, whereas CT16 and CT17 are expressed in a range of human cancers. Real-time RT-PCR analysis of newly defined CT genes and the prototype CT antigens, MAGE-3 and NY-ESO-1, revealed low levels (less than 3% of the level detected in testis) of CT15, CT16 and NY-ESO-1 in a limited range of normal, non-gametogenic tissues. This study demonstrates the merits of database mining with respect to the identification of tissue-restricted gene products expressed in cancer.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗