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At least 1,153 records · Page 64Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Benefits of an implant platform modification technique to reduce crestal bone resorption.

PURPOSE: The alveolar bone resorption that occurs around a 2-piece implant following abutment attachment is a well-documented observation. Several investigators propose that crestal bone loss is a response to the invasion of the biologic width by secondary bacterial colonization and micromovements at the implant-abutment interface. This study proposes the creation of a difference between the diameter of the implant platform and diameter of the abutment (implant platform modification), shifting the implant-abutment interface medially to minimize invasion of the biologic width. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We present a series of 30 control cases and 30 study cases using the platform-modification technique. Interproximal bone resorption on the medial and distal of each implant was assessed using digital radiography at 1, 4, and 6 months after abutment attachment. RESULTS: The mean value of bone resorption observed in the mesial measurement for the control group was 2.53 mm, whereas for those patients included in the study group, it was 0.76 mm. The mean value of bone resorption observed in the distal measurement for patients in the control group was 2.56 mm, whereas for those included in the study group, it was 0.77 mm. CONCLUSIONS: All patients in the study group had a significant reduction of bone loss in comparison to the control group (P < 0.0005).

Alveolar Bone Loss↗
PubMed2006

Maxillary and mandibular osteosyntheses with PLGA and P(L/DL)LA implants: a 5-year inpatient biocompatibility and degradation experience.

BACKGROUND: This study consists of a 5-year experience with 413 maxillary and mandibular resorbable plate osteosyntheses focusing on clinically apparent foreign body reaction (i.e., swelling, osteolyses, and fistulation), indirect implant degradation (i.e., palpability and radiographic reossification), and direct implant degradation (i.e., molecular weight and crystallinity of explants). METHODS: Eighty fracture and reconstruction cases (32 female and 48 male patients, aged 1 to 83 years) were osteofixated with poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) copolymer (n = 20) (139 PLGA osteosyntheses) or poly(L-lactide-co-DL-lactide) [P(L/DL)LA] (n = 60) [274 P(L/DL)LA osteosyntheses]. Local revisions (n = 30) were performed during secondary operations at 3, 6, 12, 18, or 24 months. Average clinical and radiographic follow-up lasted 29 months (range, 6 to 63 months). RESULTS: Five patients (6 percent) had apparent foreign body reactions, whereas 75 (94 percent) did not. One P(L/DL)LA mild reaction was effectively treated with cold packs and analgesics, one PLGA and three P(L/DL)LA medium severe reactions were treated with curettage, and one local osteolysis disappeared at 6 months. Implant palpability lasted 12 (PLGA) or 24 months [P(L/DL)LA]. The difference was significant (p < 0.000001). Burr holes reossified at 24 (PLGA) and 36 months [P(L/DL)LA] (p < 0.05). The 85:15 PLGA explants' initial 44,600 molecular weight decreased to 11,000 at 6 months; and scarce powdering granular residuals, too small for molecular weight assessment, were encountered at 12 months. The 70:30 P(L/DL)LA initial molecular weight of 45,000 decreased to 25,000 at 6 months and 8,000 at 18 months and to similar granules at 24 months (p < 0.02). Histology showed macrophages, giant cells, lymphocyte infiltration, little granulocytic infiltration, and minimal bleeding residuals. CONCLUSIONS: Both copolymers showed reliable biocompatibility and disintegration. Overall, 6 percent clinically apparent foreign body reactions were controlled conservatively and by local curettage; 85:15 PLGA degraded within 12 months and 70:30 P(L/DL)LA within 24 months, leaving powdering residual granules. Burr holes reossified 12 months later.

Absorbable Implants↗
PubMed2004

Masticatory function with implant-supported overdentures.

The type of attachment that is used in implant-supported mandibular overdentures may influence the retention and stability of the prosthesis and, thus, masticatory function. In this within-subject cross-over clinical trial, we examined the hypothesis that greater retention and stability of the overdenture improve the masticatory function. Eighteen edentulous subjects received 2 oral implants, a new overdenture, and, successively, 3 different suprastructure modalities: magnet, ball, and bar-clip. Masticatory performance, masticatory efficiency, and swallowing threshold were measured. The masticatory function significantly improved after implant treatment with each of the 3 attachments. We observed small differences in masticatory function among the 3 attachment types: slightly better masticatory performance with ball and bar-clip than with magnet attachments. The number of chewing cycles until swallowing hardly decreased after implant treatment. We conclude that significantly better masticatory performance, combined with a slightly smaller number of chewing cycles after implant treatment, results in smaller food particles being swallowed.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Crestal bone changes around titanium implants. Part I: A retrospective radiographic evaluation in humans comparing two non-submerged implant designs with different machined collar lengths.

BACKGROUND: Experimental studies demonstrated that peri-implant crestal hard and soft tissues are significantly influenced in their apico-coronal position by the rough/smooth implant border as well as the microgap/ interface between implant and abutment/restoration. The aim of this study was to evaluate radiographically the crestal bone level changes around two types of implants, one with a 2.8 mm smooth machined coronal length and the other with 1.8 mm collar. METHODS: In 68 patients, a total of 201 non-submerged titanium implants (101 with a 1.8 mm, 100 with a 2.8 mm long smooth coronal collar) were placed with their rough/smooth implant border at the bone crest level. From the day of surgery up until 3 years after implant placement crestal bone levels were analyzed digitally using standardized radiographs. RESULTS: Bone remodeling was most pronounced during the unloaded, initial healing phase and did not significantly differ between the two types of implants over the entire observation period (P >0.20). Crestal bone loss for implants placed in patients with poor oral hygiene was significantly higher than in patients with adequate or good plaque control (P <0.005). Furthermore, a tendency for additional crestal bone loss was detected in the group of patients who had been diagnosed with aggressive periodontitis prior to implant placement (P = 0.058). In both types of implants, sand-blasted, large grit, acid-etched (SLA) surfaced implants tended to have slightly less crestal bone loss compared to titanium plasma-sprayed (TPS) surfaced implants, but the difference was not significant (P >0.30). CONCLUSION: The implant design with the shorter smooth coronal collar had no additional bone loss and may help to reduce the risk of an exposed metal implant margin in areas of esthetic concern.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Post-operative re-construction of dentoalveolar tissue and the mandible and maxillae using prosthetic therapy.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the range of ablative surgery and rehabilitative procedures performed on maxillofacial structures. DESIGN: A retrospective descriptive study. SETTING: University of Nairobi Dental Teaching Hospital. SUBJECTS: Patients operated on at the institutions theatre, and followed up at the University of Nairobi Dental Teaching Hospital Oral Surgery Outpatient Clinic during the period February 1996, August 1998. RESULTS: Forty four patients underwent ablative surgery during the study period. Complete records were available for 38 patients, 27 females and 11 males aged 10 to 79 years (mean 32.6 years). Surgical procedures performed included: partial mandibulectomy, marginal mandibular resection, subtotal maxillectomy, sequestrectomy and enucleation. Six (15.8%) patients who underwent mandibular resection had rigid bone plating. Five (13.2%) patients who had maxillary involvement were given surgical obturators post-operatively with one receiving a complete denture after full recovery. A total of 22 (57.9%) patients who would have reaped benefits from prostheses therapy received none. Individual patient follow-up periods ranged from seven days for two patients who had cyst enucleation to two years for three cases with ameloblastoma, and two cases with squamous cell carcinoma. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that prosthetic rehabilitation of patients undergoing extensive surgery at the University of Nairobi Dental Teaching Hospital is largely inadequate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Endosseous cylinder implants in severely atrophic mandibles.

A retrospective study was completed to assess the success rate of endosseous cylinder implants placed in mandibles that were 10 mm or less in maximum anterior height as measured from lateral cephalometric radiographs. Only implants that were located anteriorly between the mental foramina and loaded prosthetically for a minimum of 1 year were studied. Twenty-eight patients with a total of 130 Nobelpharma implants (forty-six 7 mm and eighty-four 10 mm) were included. The fixtures were evaluated following standard clinical criteria for success established for implants of this type. A total of 8 (two 7 mm and six 10 mm) of 130 implants failed, yielding an overall success rate of 94%. Major complications encountered included a complete mandibular fracture, a partial mandibular fracture, and a temporary bilateral mental nerve hypoesthesia.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Immediate fixed interim prostheses supported by two-stage threaded implants: methodology and results.

Restoring patients with implant-supported fixed-detachable bridges according to the protocol established by Brånemark necessitates a period of several months when complete dentures must be worn to allow for a stress-free healing period of the implants. For many patients, especially when they still have some natural teeth remaining, this is unacceptable. An approach was developed that overcomes these limitations, offering an alternative to the transitional removable approach. Five or six Nobelpharma fixtures were placed between and two additional fixtures were placed distolingual to the foramina. Abutments were connected at implant insertion to these two fixtures and to one fixture in the symphyseal region. The remaining fixtures were allowed to heal in the conventional manner. A previously constructed mandibular denture was converted to a fixed bridge supported by these three implants. This method was successfully applied in seven patients who were reconstructed with mandibular fixed-detachable bridges without ever wearing a removable prosthesis. The overall, long-term implant therapy was not adversely affected by this technique.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

[Surgical technic in the treatment of mandibular osteomyelitis].

Our experience with operative treatment of 70 patients with osteomyelitis of the mandible showed that the incision and drainage of soft-tissue abcesses combined with antibiotic therapy led to healing in 22 patients. More extensive measures, such as sequestectomy, decortication, resection of whole areas of the mandible, and transplantation of autologous cancellous bone, however were necessary with 48 of the patients. A detailed description of the various operative techniques was presented; the respective indications were mentioned.

Abscess↗
PubMed1994

[Dental prosthesis rehabilitation following oral carcinologic treatment].

Following the different treatments applied on patients suffering of a mouth cancer, often these are confronted with a functional and esthetic handicap. Thanks to the prosthetic techniques and an eventual resort to implantation, it is possible to improve their quality of life. Different prosthetic reconstructions are considered.

Dental Implantation, Endosseous↗
PubMed1993

The successful application of osseointegrated implants to the posterior jaw: a long-term retrospective study.

This long-term study has demonstrated the successful use of osseointegrated implants to replace posterior teeth in the partially dentate patient. A total of 1,203 Nobelpharma implants placed by two periodontists practicing in traditional office settings were included in the survey. Of the 551 implants placed in the mandible, 25 failed, for a success rate of 95.5%. Of the 247 mandibular prostheses fabricated for 200 mandibles, 8 failed, for a prosthesis stability rate exceeding 97%. Of the 652 implants placed in the maxilla, 31 failed, for a success rate of 95.2%. Of the 250 maxillary prostheses fabricated for 193 maxillae, 2 failed, for a success rate exceeding 99%. The results compare favorably to previous reports in terms of implant survival and stability.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[Maxillofacial fractures. Surgical and prosthetic procedures].

A patient presented complex fractures of the face and skull with leg trauma after a traffic accident. Maxillofacial repair used sophisticated procedures: bone grafts, muscle flaps and multiple osteotomies. After reconstructing the mid face and the mandibular repair, bone implants were used to stabilize the maxillary prosthesis. The psychological and functions problems raised in this case are discussed considering the occupational and social outcome.

Bone Transplantation↗