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At least 1,153 records · Page 64Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Studies on simian hemorrhagic fever virus nucleocapsids.

Purified Simian Hemorrhagic Fever (SHF) virions are shown to have a sedimentation coefficient of 214S when compared with previously determined figures for Sindbis virus cosedimented in neutral sucrose gradients. The nucleic acid content in SHF virions was about 8 per cent of the total virionic mass. Nucleocapsids obtained by treating SHF virions with nonionic detergent and analyzed by ultracentrifugation in neutral sucrose gradients gave RNAse sensitive- but DNAse resistent particles with a reproducible sedimentation coefficient of 174S and a buoyant density of 1.33 g/ml in cesium chloride gradients.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

The genome of simian hemorrhagic fever virus.

Techniques are described for preparing intact Simian Hemorrhagic Fever (SHF) virus RNA. SHF RNA extracted by proteinase K digestion in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) has a sedimentation coefficient of 49 S compared with a reference figure of 47 S for Sindbis RNA. Purified SHF RNA in cesium sulphate gradient has a buoyant density of 1.63 g/ml similar to that of Sindbis RNA. This result leads to the conclusion that SHF RNA is single stranded. This is supported by results on RNAse sensitivity and analyses on sucrose gradients under different ionic strength conditions. Electrophoresis analyses on both hydroxymethylmercuric acid or formaldehyde containing gels, gave a value of about 5.5 X 10(6) daltons for the molecular weight of SHF RNA. No evidence of subunit structure was found. From these results, we conclude that the SHF virus genome is a single continuous chain of about 15,000 ribonucleotides.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Induction of diarrhea in colostrum-deprived newborn rhesus monkeys with the human reovirus-like agent of infantile gastroenteritis.

Diarrhea developed in five newborn rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) inoculated orally on the first day of life with the human reovirus-like agent of infantile gastroenteritis. Incubation period ranged from 2-5 days; virus particles were detected in stools in association with illness, and virus shedding lasted between 1 and 3 days. Virus derived from monkeys that developed illness following inoculation was infectious for other monkeys but did not induce diarrhea which could be associated temporally with virus shedding. Viral antigens were also detected in tissues of the grossly abnormal small intestine of an acutely-ill monkey. Serum antibody responses were demonstrated in two of the ill animals by complement-fixation and/or immunofluorescence.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1975

Pathology of modified graft-versus-host disease in bone marrow allografted monkeys treated with antilymphocyte serum.

Lethally irradiated rhesus monkeys were used for bone marrow allografting and autografting. Monkeys receiving allogeneic bone marrow developed acute graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR) and had a mean survival time of 9.1 days as compared to autografted monkeys which survived above 500 days. Treatment with antilymphocyte sera (ALS) before allografting modified the GVHR and extended the survival time to an average of 43 days. Histologically, such animals showed evidence of "chronic" GVHR and septicemia secondary to a lack in lymphoreticular recovery. Subsequently, severe GI-tract infections followed which usually served as portal of entry for septicemia.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Diarrhea in newborn cynomologus monkeys infected with human rotavirus.

Of six newborn cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) naturally delivered and normally nursed five developed diarrhea after oral administration of human rotavirus. Virus excretion was observed in the stool of four animals. This virus was transmitted to four out of six other monkeys causing diarrhea in only one animal.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Studies on the ascorbic acid metabolism of callitrichid monkeys by 14C isotope excretion technique.

Recently it has been found that the two monkey species Callithrix jacchus and Saguinus fuscicollis, both belonging to the same New World monkey family Callitrichidae and held in the same colony under identical conditions, had extremely different serum ascorbate levels. To examine the ascorbic acid metabolism the 14C-excretion of orally given 1-14C-ascorbic acid was studied under conditions of marginal and abundant vitamin C supply and under intentional stress. There were large differences in the mode of 14C excretion between low and high ascorbate supply. The differences were smaller between stress/no stress conditions intraindividually than between the two species, but they were in the same manner. In comparable trials S. fuscicollis reacted such that a higher status of stress can be supposed in this species.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Grooming site preferences determined by lice infection among Japanese macaques in Arashiyama.

I investigated the effect of the density of louse eggs (Pedicinus obtusus and P. eurygaster) on grooming site preferences in Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata). Louse eggs were more often found on the outer side of the body (upper back, lower back, outer arms, and outer legs) than on the inner side of the body (chest, belly, inner arms, and inner legs). Japanese macaques were more likely to be groomed on the outer side than the inner side of the body by allogrooming and autogrooming. Such grooming site preferences correlated with the distribution of louse eggs but not with the areas of body parts. Thus, the ecology of lice might affect grooming behavior of Japanese macaques. Five hundred and fifty louse eggs were estimated to parasitize an adult female Japanese macaque. Considering the intrinsic rate of natural increase of lice, monkeys need to be groomed almost every day. This suggests that Japanese macaques need grooming partners and form social bonds with others for everyday grooming.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Relationship of skeletal muscle glucose 6-phosphate to glucose disposal rate and glycogen synthase activity in insulin-resistant and non-insulin-dependent diabetic rhesus monkeys.

Reduced insulin action on skeletal muscle glycogen synthase activity and reduced whole-body insulin-mediated glucose disposal rates in insulin-resistant subjects may be associated with an alteration in muscle glucose transport (or phosphorylation) or with a defect distal to glucose 6-phosphate. To examine this issue we determined the glucose 6-phosphate concentration and glycogen synthase activity in muscle samples obtained under basal and euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp conditions in 27 rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). They ranged from metabolically normal (n = 11) to insulin-resistant (n = 8) to overtly diabetic (non-insulin-dependent) (n = 8). The glucose 6-phosphate measured under insulin-stimulated conditions was inversely correlated to insulin-stimulated glycogen synthase independent activity (r = -0.54, p < 0.005), the change in glycogen synthase independent activity (insulin-stimulated minus basal) (r = -0.58, p < 0.002) and to whole-body insulin-mediated glucose disposal rate (r = -0.60, p < 0.002). The insulin-resistant and diabetic monkeys had significantly higher insulin-stimulated glucose 6-phosphate concentrations (0.57 +/- 0.11 and 0.62 +/- 0.11 nmol/mg dry weight, respectively) compared to the normal monkeys (0.29 +/- 0.05 nmol/mg dry weight) (p's < 0.05). We conclude that under euglycaemic/hyperinsulinaemic conditions, a defect distal to glucose 6-phosphate is a major contributor to reduced whole-body insulin-mediated glucose disposal rates and to reduced insulin action on glycogen synthase in insulin-resistant and diabetic monkeys.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Rickets in a 6-month-old monkey.

A 6-month-old male monkey with rickets was found dead by its keeper. Radiographic studies showed osteopenia of the entire skeletal system, a cup-shaped concavity and poor mineralization of metaphyseal ends, and markedly widened and irregular epiphyseal growth plates of the long bones and ribs. Gross anatomic findings included bowing abnormalities and microfractures in the radius, ulna, tibia, and fibia, and enlarged and widened cartilage columns extending into the metaphyses in the long bones and ribs. Histologic features included deficient mineralization and irregular disordered columns of proliferating cartilage in growth plates extending into other zones, dilated vascular channels, and poor mineralization of chondroid and osteoid tissues.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Entamoeba histolytica infections in captive primates.

A group based survey on the presence of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar using real-time PCR among 20 species of captive non-human primates was performed after diagnosis of E. histolytica dysentery in a spider monkey ( Ateles belzebuth hybridus). E. histolytica DNA was detected in three species of New World primates and in three species of Old World primates. In five of six E. histolytica isolates, it was possible to amplify the SREHP gene. They all revealed the same pattern after AluI digestion, indicating a common source of infection. E. dispar DNA was detected in two species of New World monkeys and three species of Old World monkeys. The results demonstrate that E. histolytica is capable of causing symptomatic and non-symptomatic infections in Old World and New World non-human primates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of E. histolytica sensu stricto in non-human primates after the redescription separating it from E. dispar in 1993.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Morbidity and immune response to natural schistosomiasis in baboons ( Papio anubis).

The morbidity and immunological response to naturally acquired Schistosoma mansoni infection in a population of wild baboons ( n=28) was investigated. Serum obtained from the baboons was assayed for adult worm (SWAP) and schistosome egg (SEA)-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgM antibodies. The animals were euthanised, perfused to recover adult schistosome worms and schistosome-related pathology was assessed. Nineteen animals (68%) had high serum levels of SWAP-specific IgG antibodies and 15 (54%) had high levels of SEA-specific IgG antibodies. Nine animals (32%) had high levels of SWAP-specific IgM antibodies and six (21%) had high levels of SEA-specific IgM antibodies. Mild schistosome-related pathology was noted in 18 animals (64%). However, adult schistosome worms were recovered from only three animals (10%). The results indicate a high exposure to schistosomiasis for free-ranging baboons inhabiting an endemic area, as evidenced by the high prevalence of parasite-specific humoral antibody response. However, this high exposure is associated with low worm recovery and mild pathology. In addition, parasite-specific IgM antibodies provided a good indicator of an active schistosome infection.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

High prevalence of infection with Entamoeba dispar, but not E. histolytica, in captive macaques.

A total of 268 nonhuman primates (20 species) kept in the Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Japan, were surveyed for intestinal amebas. Total positive rates as based on the presence of cysts in the stool following formalin-ether sedimentation were as follows: Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar, 53%; E. coli, 34%; E. hartmanni, 34%; Iodamoeba buetschlii, 25%; Endolimax nana, 8%; and E. chattoni, 3%. Positive rates were higher in Old World monkeys and lower in New World monkeys. All the 141 E. histolytica/E. dispar-positive animals were Macaca monkeys. The E. histolytica/E. dispar-positive samples were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for identification of E. histolytica and E. dispar. E. dispar DNA was detected in 137 samples, whereas no E. histolytica DNA was seen. Zymodeme analysis and reactivity to monoclonal antibodies of cultured trophozoites also supported the presence of E. dispar and the absence of E. histolytica. When the sera of 93 macaques were examined by an indirect fluorescent antibody test, only 3 animals proved to be positive for E. histolytica, showing the lowest titer. These results demonstrate that infection with E. dispar, but not E. histolytica, is predominant in macaques.

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