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At least 1,153 records · Page 64Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Complete median cleft of the mandible and aplasia of the epiglottis. A case report.

A rare case of complete median mandibular cleft without associated anomalies of the adjacent soft-tissue structures is presented. Aplasia of the epiglottis was also present, a combination not previously reported. The anomaly seems to be the result of arrested development of the lower half of the first branchial arch, and in particular of the mesenchymal elements. It may assume varying degrees of severity, ranging from an incomplete cleft of the lower lip or mandible (or both) to a complete midline cleft of the lower lip, mandible and tongue, sometimes with associated deformities of soft-tissue structures derived from the lower branchial arches in the neck. Although there is no consensus on the timing of corrective procedures, the strategy favoured by most seems to be early repair of the soft-tissue abnormalities and deferment of the mandibular repair until after puberty. Persistent aspiration due to the absence of the epiglottis necessitated performance of a tracheostomy and feeding gastrostomy in our patient. The patient sustained an anoxic episode as a result of tracheostomy obstruction and died a few weeks later.

Epiglottis↗
PubMed1982

Localization of tritiated 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 in fetal rat mandible, kidney, and intestine.

In the fetal rat the specific uptake of this hormone appears in the kidney and in the mandible-tooth germ, but not by the intestine. Furthermore, uptake by the two former tissues was greatly influenced by gestational age. Localization in the mandible and tooth germ increased from approximately 50 DPM/mg wet weight of tissue on day seventeen of gestation to over 300 DPM/mg wet weight on the nineteenth day. A similar, but not as dramatic, increase occurred in the kidney. Thus, these data demonstrate: (1) the development of the specific uptake of 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 in the kidney and bone with gestational age, and (2) the absence of specific receptive sites in the fetal intestine.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[The effect of sagittal split ramus osteotomy advancement and setback mandible on occlusal force and masticatory efficiency].

21 patients (mandibular prognathism = 11, mandibular retrognathism = 10) whose occlusal force and masticatory efficiency were measured and analysed preoperatively, three and six months following sagittal split ramus osteotomy. The result shows that, in individuals with mandibular retrognathism treated by lengthening of the mandible, the occlusal force and masticatory efficiency would decrease, in individuals with mandibular prognathism treated by reduction in mandibular length, the occlusal force and masticatory efficiency would increase. There is no linear correlation relationship between the change of the occlusal force and the movement of the angle and the distance of the mandible.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The role of distraction osteogenesis in the reconstruction of the mandible in unilateral craniofacial microsomia.

Laboratory and clinical studies have shown that mandibular distraction is an effective and powerful reconstructive surgical technique. It is safely performed without the need for blood transfusion or bone graft. Because of concomitant expansion of the functional matrix (the associated skin, subcutaneous fat, and muscles of mastication), there is a multidimensional expansion of the lower jaw with minimal, if any, evidence of relapse. Moreover, the surgical reconstruction can be commenced by 2 years of age, and the vector of distraction can be controlled by preoperative design. Finally, the increase in resulting mandibular bone stock will provide more reconstructive options in the future for traditional orthognathic surgical techniques. The technique has been criticized, either for the cutaneous incision for the approach to the mandible or for the scar resulting from the path of the distracting screws. However, with careful placement of the device, the resulting scar can be placed in the lines of minimal tension with a resulting satisfactory scar. It has been assumed that the osteotomy results in interruption of the inferior alveolar nerve. However, questioning of the older patients has failed to detect any change in sensation of the lower lip. The status of the inferior alveolar nerve in the hypoplastic mandible has also never been studied. Insertion of the screws required an area of bone stock that is edentulous, and this finding can make application of the device difficult in some patients. The length of treatment has been criticized--approximately 3 months. However, this is offset by the ease of treatment, the degree of safety, and the reduction in hospital time without the need for blood transfusion or bone graft. The results to date indicate that the technique can be applied to the correction of the milder mandibular deficiencies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Bone Lengthening↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Composite pedicled rib flap for reconstruction of the mandible and face.

A new technique of bony and soft tissue augmentation to the mandible, face, and neck is presented. It consists of a composite soft tissue flap from the anterior chest, including two ribs attached and transposed without delay to the newly prepared tissue bed. The distal portion of this flap is de-epithelialized for soft tissue augmentation to the face. The ribs are wired to the mandible, and the flap is released in six to eight weeks. At that time, the proximal segment is de-epithelialized for further augmentation. The soft tissue mass is supported against gravity for three to four months with a chin strap. It is desirable to use this concept as a secondary procedure rather than associating it with the primary ablative technique. One can expect significant improvement in esthetics and contour from this technique.

Face↗
PubMed1994

Marginal resection of the mandible in oral cancer.

Preservation of mandible in selected cases of oral cancer provides good quality of life following surgery. The present paper based on 37 cases discusses the indications, surgical techniques and results of marginal resection of mandible. It was feasible to carry out conservation surgery even in advanced lesions (31 of 37 had stage III and IV lesion). It could be carried out in lesions close to or those clinically seem to involve the bone provided there was negative radiology. Marginal mandibulectomy could be combined with mandibulotomy in selected cases to achieve additional soft tissue clearance and better exposure. Twenty two (59%) patients were surviving disease free after such surgery for follow ups ranging 2-5 years.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of embryo transfer on the intrauterine growth of the mandible in mouse fetuses.

A DDD/Qdj strain of embryos was transferred to the same strain of recipient females to examine the effect of the embryo transfer procedure on the intrauterine growth of the mandible in mouse fetuses. Just after parturition, the litter size and the gestation period were recorded and the mandibular size of the newborn offspring was measured by use of an image analyzing system. The mandibular size of the newborn offspring developed from the transferred embryos was compared with that of the newborn offspring developed from the nontransferred embryos. The following results were obtained: 1) There was no gender difference in the mandibular size of the newborn offspring from either the transferred or nontransferred embryos. 2) An inverse relation between the litter size and the mandibular size of the newborn offspring was observed, while a direct relation between the gestation period and the mandibular size of the newborn offspring was observed. 3) The litter size in the transferred group was smaller than that of the nontransferred group, while the gestation period in the transferred group was longer than that of the non-transferred group. After adjusting for the effects of the litter size and the gestation period on the mandibular size for both groups, the adjusted mandibular size of the newborn offspring in the transferred group was significantly smaller than that of the nontransferred group. Thus, it is concluded that the embryo transfer procedure retards the intrauterine growth of the mandible in mouse fetuses developed from transferred embryos.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of four strains of recipients on the intrauterine growth of the mandible in mouse fetuses.

The embryo transfer technique is a very useful tool for determining the intrauterine effect of the dam on the prenatal growth of the embryo. In the present study, a DDD/Qdj strain of embryos was transferred to four strains of recipients (DDD/Qdj, C3H/Qdj, C57BL/Qdj, and DBA/1J Sea). The litter size and the gestation period were recorded and the mandibular size of the newborn offspring was measured by an image analyzing system. A comparison among the four strains of recipients was performed to examine the effect of the strain of the recipient on the intrauterine growth of the mandible in mouse fetuses. The following results were obtained. 1) There were no interstrain differences in the litter size and the gestation period among the four strains of recipients. 2) There was an inverse relation between the litter size and the mandibular size, while there was a direct relation between the gestation period and the mandibular size. 3) There was a strong effect of the strain of the recipient on the mandibular size of the newborn offspring. 4) After eliminating these effects of the litter size and the gestation period on the mandibular size, a significant interstrain difference in the adjusted mandibular size of the newborn offspring developed from the DDD/Qdj strain of embryos transferred to the four strains of recipients was found. It is suggested that the four strains of recipients might unequally affect the intrauterine growth of the mandible in the mouse fetuses, which were derived from the same DDD/Qdj strain of transferred embryos.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Dento-skeletal components of class III malocclusions for children with normal and protruded mandibles.

A random sample of 150 British school children was selected age range 9 to 12 years. Lateral skull radiographs were taken and traced. None of the subjects had any orthodontic treatment before. 27 children average age of 10 years were selected on the basis of ANB < or = 1 degree as having class III skeletal relation (15 boys and 12 girls). 16 angular and 8 linear skeletal and dental parameters were used. The sample of class III skeletal relation was divided according to the value of SNB angle into subjects with normal anteroposterior situated mandibles; (SNB < or = 79 degree 14 children) and others with protruded mandibles; (SNB > or = 79.5 13 children). Descriptive statistics for the class III skeletal sample was done and compared to the mean sample. Student t test was performed to identify significant differences between both groups of class III skeletal relation. Significant differences between both groups were found for SNA, P < 0.001; SNPog, P < 0.001; SN MP, P < 0.001; SN-occl, P < 0.001 and 1-APog, P < 0.05.

Cephalometry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Complications and maintenance requirements for fixed prostheses and overdentures in the edentulous mandible: a 5-year report.

Overdentures and fixed prostheses were consecutively placed into 50 edentulous mandibles and were followed for 5 years. During this period of follow-up, 25 overdentures were supported by 68 implants with a success rate of 92.65%, and 25 fixed restorations were supported by 132 implants with a success rate of 90.15%. Postinsertion adjustment in the first year was more common for the overdentures. Thereafter, fixed prostheses had more complications and required more maintenance than overdentures, the average number of recalls per year being 2.27 and 1.57 respectively. The main complications were associated with the peri-implant mucosa, abutment and gold screws, acrylic-resin components, and retentive clips. Overdentures offer an attractive alternative to fixed prostheses in the treatment of the edentulous mandible.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Growth allometry of the mandibles of giant transgenic mice: an analysis based on the finite-element scaling method.

Transgenic mice genetically engineered to produce increased levels of growth hormones, accelerated somatic growth, and larger terminal sizes [Palmiter et al., 1982, 1983] offer an intriguing model with which to investigate the genetic and developmental control of skeletal proportions. In this study, form differences in the mandible between giant transgenic mice (MT-rGH) and their normal litter-mate controls are examined using data generated by finite-element scaling analysis (FESA). Finite-element scaling analysis is a tensor based method developed to study morphological differences between forms. The method uses landmark data to provide measures of size and shape differences local to those landmarks of mandibular size and shape differences for 18 landmarks were compared between the two mouse samples. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were completed to ascertain 1) whether the mandible of larger transgenic mice differed significantly from normal controls, and 2) if observed proportion change resulted from the general allometric affects of overall mandibular size increase. Comparisons of local size and shape differences against a measure of total size difference reveal similar trajectories of growth allometry, indicating that proportion differences between adult control and transgenic mice result from ontogenic scaling.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Restoration of the mandible after trans-mandibular approach of invasive tumors of the oropharynx (43 cases)].

Preservation of the mandible is often possible in surgery of invasive malignant tumors of the oropharynx. From 1983 to 1993, we operated 158 T3 of the oropharynx: 73% with mandibulectomy and 27% with osteotomy (43 cases). Now, the osteotomy of the mandible is performed in more than 90% of the patients. The osteosynthesis needs two titanium plates; the pharyngoplasty is made with a pectoralis major myocutaneous flap. Followup: 36 cases of 43 gave satisfactory results. The osteotomy complication rate was 5 (12%): 5 osteitis (2 after radiotherapy).

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Treatment of a microvascular reconstructed mandible using an implant-supported overdenture: case report.

Oral rehabilitation of patients with mandibular discontinuity defects is a challenging problem facing both the surgeon and the dentist. Advances in microvascular surgery have provided the surgeon with methods to repair the partially resected mandible with vital bone grafts. Often, however, reconstruction of the bony defect alone does not guarantee an adequate foundation for successful conventional prosthetic rehabilitation. Osseointegrated implants placed into the microvascularized grafted bone offer an opportunity for improved function and patient satisfaction. The following case presentation reports the use of an implant-supported overdenture in a vascularized iliac bone graft to reconstruct a partially resected mandible.

Bone Transplantation↗
PubMed1996

Must radiation dose for CT of the maxilla and mandible be higher than that for conventional panoramic radiography?

We evaluated the feasibility of performing preoperative spiral CT of the maxilla and mandible with a radiation dose similar to that used for conventional panoramic radiography. The skin entrance doses of radiation used for spiral CT (collimation, 1 mm; pitch, 2; tube voltage, 80 kV; tube current, 40 mA) and for panoramic radiography (75 kV, 8 mA, 15 seconds) were measured in one patient by using thermoluminescent dosimeter chips. Results were 0.56 +/- 0.06 mGy for CT and 0.59 +/- 0.04 mGy for radiography. Image quality was adequate for preoperative implant planning. Spiral CT of the mandible and maxilla may therefore be feasible with a radiation dose of similar magnitude as that used for conventional panoramic radiography.

Dental Implants↗
PubMed1977

Scanning electron microscopic study of adult stored product beetle mandibles.

Adult stored product beetle mandibles were used as a subject for this scanning electron microscopic study. A total of 34 species are represented. Discussion is organized taxonomically by family, and comparisons are made between species where possible. Established terminology for morphological processes has been applied to all characteristics of mandibles reported in earlier literature; however, several new terms have been added in an attempt to better describe specific attributes of a species.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1996

[Surgical treatment of advanced cancers of the oral cavity, pharynx and mandible].

There was presented a case of advanced recurrence of the oral cavity and mandible cancer after partial glossectomy. The authors stress the possibility of extensive surgery and next postoperative defect reconstruction. The Pectoralis Mayor osteomyocutaneous island flap of rib was used to reconstruction of the fundi oral cavity, the mandible and the pharynx.

Humans↗
PubMed1995

Rapid orthopedic lengthening of the mandible in primates by sagittal split osteotomy and distraction osteogenesis: a pilot study.

This study proposes the development of an intraoral surgical approach to distraction osteogenesis to treat maxillofacial defects. Bilateral sagittal split osteotomies were made in the ascending ramus and body of the mandible of two adult cynomologus primates, and the dento-osseous segment was completely mobilized. A distraction device was fabricated from a Glen-Ross screw soldered between two mini bone plates. The bone plates were fixed by self-tapping screws to both right and left proximal and distal mandibular segments. Beginning 1 week postoperatively, both distraction plates were opened 1 mm every day until the mandible was advanced a total of 10 mm. Comparison of cephalometric radiographs and study casts prepared preoperatively, at the completion of the mandibular orthopedic advancement, and up to 12 weeks postdistraction, showed that mandibular advancement was successful and stable. There was radiographic evidence of bone filling the osteotomy sites, and there was no scar tissue formation or evidence of relapse.

Animals↗