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PubMed2002

Incorporation of evidence-based principles in baccalaureate and nonbaccalaureate degree dental hygiene programs.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this descriptive study was to determine the curricular utilization of Evidence-Based (EB) philosophies in dental hygiene education in both baccalaureate and nonbaccalaureate U.S. dental hygiene programs. METHODS: Data were gathered via a 1999 survey of all 235 U.S. dental hygiene program directors. The 21-question survey included one open-ended and 20 closed-ended items. Initially, the survey was pilot tested using a convenience sample of seven U.S. dental hygiene program directors. A final, revised survey was mailed to the cohort population. A response rate of 71% (N = 167) was achieved after two mailings. RESULTS: The demographic results of this study revealed the majority of respondents (77%) were from nonbaccalaureate dental hygiene programs, while the remainder (23%) were from baccalaureate degree programs. Respondents were asked if and to what degree the fundamentals of research were taught in their curriculum. Baccalaureate programs' responses indicated a much greater degree of utilization. Sixty-two percent of baccalaureate respondents provide a separate course on research, and 32% teach research as a portion of another dental hygiene course. However, 3% of the responding baccalaureate programs reported that no research was included in the curriculum. These results demonstrate an overall high utilization of research by baccalaureate curricula. In comparison, nonbaccalaureate programs' responses show a lesser degree of research utilization when compared with the baccalaureate programs. Only 8% of nonbaccalaureate programs had a separate research course. The majority, 80%, of nonbaccalaureate respondents reported that they teach research as a portion of another dental hygiene course. Finally, 10% of the nonbaccalaureate degree respondents reported teaching no research. Overwhelmingly, both baccalaureate and nonbaccalaureate students received formal orientation in the use of library--100% and 84%, respectively. Ninety-seven percent of baccalaureate and 82% of nonbaccalaureate programs provided students with formal instruction in using both literature indices and databases. To a lesser extent, both baccalaureate and nonbaccalaureate programs introduced students to the Internet and encouraged them to use it for conducting literature searches--83% and 78%, respectively. In fact, seventy-four percent of baccalaureate programs and 68% of nonbaccalaureate programs reported formally teaching the evaluation of information retrieved from the Internet. Both baccalaureate and nonbaccalaureate programs similarly indicated teaching the evaluation of research findings for validity, reliability, and clinical importance. To a lesser extent, 86% of baccalaureate and 61% of nonbaccalaureate programs reported that they encourage students to make EB recommendations to patients and teach students how to apply EB findings to clinical situations. CONCLUSION: The findings of this descriptive study indicate both baccalaureate and nonbaccalaureate degree programs incorporate some aspects of an EB philosophy into the curriculum. Survey results reveal baccalaureate degree programs incorporated research and taught the use of library facilities, journal indices, and electronic databases. In addition, baccalaureate degree programs also emphasized and encouraged the application of critically appraised evidence into practice. The nonbaccalaureate respondents utilized the library facilities, journal indices, and electronic databases to a slightly lesser extent than their baccalaureate counterparts. The nonbaccalaureate respondents also demonstrated less application of EB findings to clinical situations, including actual patient treatment.

Curriculum↗
PubMed2002

The role of medical libraries in undergraduate education: a case study in genetics.

Between 1996 and 2001, the Health Science Center Libraries and Department of Zoology at the University of Florida partnered to provide a cohesive and comprehensive learning experience to undergraduate students in PCB3063, "Genetics." During one semester each year, a librarian worked with up to 120 undergraduates, providing bibliographic and database instruction in the tools that practicing geneticists use (MEDLINE, GenBank, BLAST, etc.). Students learned to evaluate and synthesize the information that they retrieved, coupling it with information provided in classroom lectures, thus resulting in well-researched short papers on an assigned genetics topic. Exit surveys of students indicated that the majority found the library sessions and librarian's instruction to be useful. Responses also indicated that the project facilitated increased understanding of genetics concepts and appreciation for the scientific research process and the relevance of genetics to the real world. The library benefited from this partnership on a variety of fronts, including the development of skilled library users, pretrained future clientele, and increased visibility among campus research laboratories. The course and associated information instruction and assigned projects can be considered models for course-integrated instruction and the role of medical libraries in undergraduate education.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed2002

Real-time, evidence-based medicine instruction: a randomized controlled trial in a neonatal intensive care unit.

PURPOSE: The study assesses potential for improving residents' evidence-based medicine searching skills in MEDLINE through real-time librarian instruction. SUBJECTS: Ten residents on a rotation in a neonatal intensive care unit participated. METHODOLOGY: Residents were randomized into an instruction and a non-instruction group. Residents generated questions from rounds and searched MEDLINE for answers. Data were collected through observation, search strategy analysis, and surveys. Librarians observed searches and collected data on questions, searching skills, search problems, and the test group's instruction topics. Participants performed standardized searches before, after, and six-months after intervention and were scored using a search strategy analysis tool (1 representing highest score and 5 representing lowest score). Residents completed pre- and post-intervention surveys to measure opinions about MEDLINE and search satisfaction. RESULTS: Post-intervention, the test group formulated better questions, used limits more effectively, and reported greater confidence in using MEDLINE. The control group expressed less satisfaction with retrieval and demonstrated more errors when limiting. The test and control groups had the following average search scores respectively: 3.0 and 3.5 (pre-intervention), 3.3 and 3.4 (post-intervention), and 2.0 and 3.8 (six-month post-intervention). CONCLUSION: Data suggest that measurable learning outcomes were achieved. Residents receiving instruction improved and retained searching skills six-months after intervention.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Determining value.

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Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed2002

Students and overdue books in a medical library.

At the University of Ilorin Medical Library, sixty-one randomly selected medical students with overdue books were surveyed using a questionnaire with a view to (1) finding out why they had not returned the library books in their possession, (2) determining their perceptions of eight given overdue measures, and (3) seeking suggestions on how else to reduce overdue books. Most of the overdue books were as a result of (1) the students not finishing with the books and (2) the students being forgetful. Providing for renewals was the most favored overdue measure, while the need for increased multiple copies and extended loan periods for students were also stressed. Thus, a notice urging readers to return or renew borrowed library books was mounted on the issue desk as a reminder to all readers borrowing books. The library is being automated, which will facilitate timely generation and sending of overdue notices. More copies of some titles were purchased, while a copy each of others was transferred to the reserve collection. The need for an extended loan period will require further investigation, while the judicious use of other overdue measures to complement providing for renewals is recommended.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

When less is more: a practical approach to searching for evidence-based answers.

The information needs of practicing clinicians are distinct from the needs of students, researchers, or nonclinical personnel. Clinicians seek information to stay current with new relevant medical developments and to find answers to patient-specific questions. The volume of available information makes clinicians' tasks of rapidly identifying high-quality studies daunting. New tools evaluate the rigor and relevance of information and summarize it in the form of synthesized clinical answers. These sources have the opposite focus of many other information tools in that they strive to provide less information rather than more. With the development of these sources of validated and refined information, a new search approach is needed to locate clinical information in which speed is the benchmark. The existing medical literature, including these new refinement tools, can be conceptualized as a pyramid, with the most useful information, based on validity and relevance, placed at the apex. Use of this hierarchy allows searchers to drill down through progressive layers until they find their answers. Librarians can play a significant role in evaluating the ever-increasing variety of these synthesized resources, placing them into the searching hierarchy, and training clinicians to search from the top down.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2002

Use of Web-based library resources by medical students in community and ambulatory settings.

PURPOSE: The purpose was to evaluate the use of Web-based library resources by third-year medical students. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS/RESOURCES: Third-year medical students (147) in a twelve-week multidisciplinary primary care rotation in community and ambulatory settings. METHODOLOGY: Individual user surveys and log file analysis of Website were used. RESULTS/OUTCOMES: Twenty resource topics were compiled into a Website to provide students with access to electronic library resources from any community-based clerkship location. These resource topics, covering subjects such as hypertension and back pain, linked to curriculum training problems, full-text journal articles, MEDLINE searches, electronic book chapters, and relevant Websites. More than half of the students (69%) accessed the Website on a daily or weekly basis. Over 80% thought the Website was a valuable addition to their clerkship. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: Web-based information resources can provide curriculum support to students for whom access to the library is difficult and time consuming.

Attitude to Computers↗
PubMed2002

Planning library spaces to encourage collaboration.

Most librarians can give examples from their own experience in which a library's physical space was either ill suited to the work to be performed or, in some unfortunate cases, a genuine barrier to productivity. In an effort to correct or avoid these situations, planners of library renovations or new construction make pre-design studies of individual workers' tasks and workflow at the work-unit level. In this article, the authors discuss how a pre-design review of library and institutional values influenced the course of a library renovation. The identification of collaboration as the major theme of the library and the institution's strategic directions drove renovation decisions and resulted in a facility that supports and promotes this concept.

Cooperative Behavior↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The legalities and practicalities of developing a course-specific electronic reserve room.

This article discusses important issues related to maintaining the currency of readings in a nursing course. The development of a course-specific electronic reserve room is offered as a methodology for achieving both timeliness and simplified distribution of course readings. The article reviews legal issues related to the development of an electronic reserve room for internet access. In addition, hardware and software issues related to the transference of paper materials to a digital format are considered.

Copyright↗