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At least 1,153 records · Page 64Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

[Biostimulating laser therapy as one method of treating bone and joint diseases].

An assessment of medium power semi-conductor laser treatment effectiveness was evaluated in 205 patients (132 females and 73 males) aged 57 to 75 (mean 62.5) years with pain syndrome in a course of hip, knee, shoulder, elbow, temporo-maxillaris and vertebral joints degenerative changes. Procedures were performed 3 times a week using punctual technique, sweeping and scanning. Total number of procedures ranged from 8 to 20 and radiation energy dose was 4 to 12 J/cm2. Favourable therapy effect was demonstrated as pain and oedema disappearance in about 40% of patients; insignificant therapeutic effect was achieved in 46.3% and lack of affect in 13.7% of individuals.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Sex and gonadotropic hormones in the blood in joint diseases in miners].

Coal miners suffering from rheumatoid arthritis (RA), deforming osteoarthrosis (OA) and gouty arthritis (GA) were found to develop hypotestosteronemia in a study on the condition of the hypophysis-and-gonads system, this being observed even in essentially healthy individuals. With all arthronoses, androgen levels get depressed, particularly so in the presence of increased activity of lutropin. In RA examenees blood concentration of estradiol tends to increase, while OA and GA miners demonstrate reduced content of estrogen, with manifest hyperprogesteronemia being common. Hormonal dysbalance correlates with gravity of the course of the inflammatory-degenerative processes in the locomotor system.

Arthritis, Gouty↗
PubMed1992

Analysis of intraarticular fibrinolytic pathways in patients with inflammatory and noninflammatory joint diseases.

OBJECTIVE: Intraarticular activation of the fibrinolytic system has been suspected to occur in patients with arthritis. We undertook the present study to investigate the relation of this activation to clinical symptoms, and the molecular pathways involved. METHODS: We quantitatively assessed levels of plasmin-alpha 2-antiplasmin (PAP) complexes in synovial fluid (SF) from 25 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 7 with seronegative spondylarthropathy (SSA), and 10 with osteoarthritis (OA), and conducted an analysis to determine the plasminogen-activating pathway via which these complexes were generated. In addition, we studied the relationship of intraarticular fibrinolysis to clinical and biochemical parameters. RESULTS: All patients studied had increased SF levels of PAP complexes. Levels in patients with RA and SSA were slightly higher than those in patients with OA. These complexes were probably formed by activation of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA), and not tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), since SF levels of both u-PA antigen and u-PA-plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) complexes were increased in 27 of the 42 patients. Conversely, SF levels of t-PA were below normal in all but 1 patient. In some patients, activation of factor XII presumably also contributed to plasminogen activation in SF, since levels of factor XIIa-C1 inhibitor in SF were increased in 8 of the 42 patients and correlated, as did u-PA-PAI levels, with levels of PAP complexes. Several of the parameters of fibrinolysis in SF, particularly u-PA antigen and u-PA-PAI-1 complexes, were found to correlate with clinical and biochemical parameters. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that plasminogen is frequently activated in the joints of patients with inflammatory or noninflammatory arthropathy and that this activation mainly occurs via a u-PA-, and in some cases also via a factor XII-, dependent pathway. The possible relation of this activation process to stimulation of synovial cells by cytokines is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Experimental degenerative temporomandibular joint disease.

As a possible cause of osteoarthrotic changes of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), trauma has often been suggested in the literature. Very few authors have tried to test the reliability of this theory by animal experiments. Sixty Wistar albino rats, divided into two main groups, were used in this investigation. In the first group of 10 rats, a trauma of the articular cartilage was inflicted. In the second group, small defects were made on different segments of the articular disk only, avoiding damage to the remaining components of the TMJ. The traumas of the articular cartilage almost completely healed within the experimental period. When the disk was damaged, besides degeneration of the disk itself, changes of the condylar head, similar to changes observed in arthrotic human material, were found.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Ultrasound diagnosis of rheumatic/inflammatory joint diseases].

Ultrasonography is an inexpensive and readily available imaging technology for joints and surrounding soft tissues. Examination usually requires only a few minutes, is safe and can be repeated frequently because no radiation is involved. The method depends much on the training and skills of the examiner and sonographic pictures should always be interpreted in context with history and clinical findings. Therefore, the same physician, who does the physical examination, should also perform the ultrasound. Then, this method has the potential to serve as the 'rheumatologist's extended finger'.

Arthritis↗
PubMed2001

The role of subchondral bone in joint disease: a review.

Subchondral bone plays a role in the pathogenesis of osteochondral damage and osteoarthritis in horses and humans. Osteochondral fragmentation and fracture, subchondral bone necrosis and osteoarthritis are common diseases in athletic horses, and subchondral bone is now thought to play an integral role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. There have been numerous research efforts focused on articular cartilage damage and its pathogenesis, yet comparatively little effort focused on subchondral bone pathology or the coordinated disease states of the osteochondral tissues. The purpose of this report is to review the current understanding of osteochondral disease in all species and its application to equine research and practice. It can be concluded from this review that our current understanding of osteochondral disease is based on clinical and pathological sources; and that the lack of information about joint tissue adaptation and disease has hampered objective studies of osteochondral tissues.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

DHEA in bone and joint diseases.

Serum concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfate ester (sDHEA) decrease dramatically with age in parallel with the appearance of age-related health problems, leading to the suggestion that DHEA replacement therapy may be beneficial in older patients. Daily oral doses that restore sDHEA levels to the values seen in young adults are well tolerated in the short-term (6 months to 1 year) and seem to have a positive although modest beneficial effect on bone in elderly women, particularly those with low pretreatment sDHEA levels. This effect seems ascribable to both decreased bone resorption and increased bone formation, which are probably related mainly to conversion of DHEA into active sex steroids, i.e., estradiol and testosterone; this explains why there is no effect on bone in men, whose testes continue to produce testosterone throughout life. Other mechanisms of action, including an increase in insulin growth factor-1, may be operative also. DHEA cannot be recommended as a treatment for osteoporosis at present given the absence of studies evaluating possible efficacy in reducing the fracture rate and possible long-term side effects.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2005

The role of leukocyte-stromal interactions in chronic inflammatory joint disease.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a debilitating, chronic, persistent inflammatory disease that is characterised by painful and swollen joints. The aetiology of RA is unknown, however whereas past research has concentrated on the role of immune or inflammatory infiltrating cells in inflammation, it is becoming clear that stromal cells play a critical part in regulating the quality and duration of an inflammatory response. In this review we assess the role of fibroblasts within the inflamed synovium in modulating immune responses; in particular we examine the role of stromal cells in the switch from resolving to persistent inflammation as is found in the rheumatoid synovium.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pharmacologic evaluation of the feasibility of cartilage therapy in degenerative joint diseases (arthroses)].

Due to their pharmacological properties most antiphlogistic/antirheumatic drugs are successfully used for treatment of inflammatory rheumatic diseases, but they are not able to counteract cartilage degeneration in osteoarthrosis. For specific therapy of osteoarthrosis only those drugs are suitable, which are able to inhibit enzymatic breakdown of articular cartilage, stimulate anabolic processes in cartilage, and to enhance the supply of nutritional and energy substrates for the cartilage cells. In this respect drugs such as Arteparon, Rumalon, Dona 200-S, Glyvenol or Pentosan polysulfate are of interest. A great number of pharmacological experiments have shown, that certain chondroprotective agents exert pronounced anti-degenerative effects, which can be quantitatively demonstrated in laboratory animals within 3 to 4 months by macroscopical, radiological and histological methods. Additional biochemical and in-vitro studies have elucidated some interesting chondro-protective, chondro-stimulatory or chondro-nutritive properties of certain drugs. In agreement with our experimental results clinical experiences have proved the efficacy of chondro-protective agents. Due to the bradytrophia of human articular cartilage a chondro-protective therapy may be only effective in long-term applications, resulting in a significant reduction of the intensity and progression of the degenerative joint destruction.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Sternoclavicular joint disease in psoriatic arthritis.

The radiological and tomographic aspects of the sternoclavicular joint were examined in 10 patients with psoriatic arthritis to evaluate better how this joint was affected using different radiological techniques. Imaging of the sternoclavicular joint showed that computed tomography provides a better visualisation of erosions, subchondral cysts, and sclerosis than standard radiography and conventional linear tomography.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Morphological and clinical study of shoulder joint diseases by ultrasonography].

The usefulness of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of shoulder diseases was evaluated from both basic and clinical viewpoints. The Yokogawa Medical System U-SONIC RT2600 (7.5 MHz probe) was employed for the study. Four-directional scanning of shoulder joints using the water immersion method was performed, and the results were confirmed by surgery. The average thickness of the supraspinatus tendon in the control group was 5.6 mm, increasing with aging after the forties. In the groups with diseases, the ultrasonographic changes were detected to be mild in the rotator cuff at the site uncovered by the acromion and to be remarkable in the long head tendon of the biceps and the head of the humerus were detected, and similar changes were confirmed by surgery. The above results suggested that the changes in the rotator cuff or its surrounding tissues, undetectable by conventional examination, could be demonstrated by ultrasonography and that this method is clinically very useful for the diagnosis of shoulder diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Borderline nervous mental disorders in patients with chronic joint diseases].

Nervous-psychic status by criteria of the V. P. Serbsky Center of Mental Health (Moscow) was assessed in 107 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (n = 54), osteoarthritis deformans (n = 35), gout (n = 11), ankylosing spondyloarthritis (n = 7). Autonomic and psychosomatic, asthenic, affective, hypochondriac, phobic, hysteric disorders were detected in 24.3, 15.9, 8.4, 7.5, 4.6 and 2.8% of examinees, respectively. These disorders correlated with the form and duration of the underlying disease, age of the patients, severity of anemia and joint dysfunction. Such social factors as invalidity, family and financial problems, frequent pregnancies and labor also contributed to development of nervous-psychic disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Macromolecular markers in joint disease.

Cartilage contains a number of matrix macromolecules not present in other connective tissues. In tissue processes in disease and in normal turnover of the matrix these molecules are fragmented and released into surrounding fluids, in the case of joints into the synovial fluid. Immunoassay techniques have been developed to quantify these fragments. It appears that increased levels in synovial fluid (SF) correlate to a process in the joint cartilage. With successful therapy the level returns to normal. Interestingly, in early rheumatoid arthritis, i.e., with no discernible cartilage damage by radiography, a high SF level of one major cartilage component (proteoglycan aggrecan/fragments) is prognostic for future extensive cartilage destruction. There are major differences in the levels of proteoglycan fragments between different disease groups. Thus, patients with acute reactive arthritis have high SF levels, while patients with late rheumatoid arthritis with extensive cartilage destruction not surprisingly have subnormal values. Patients with osteoarthritis, even those with fairly extensive cartilage destruction, have elevated levels of proteoglycans/fragments in their SF, perhaps indicative of a more pronounced reparative phase.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed2006

Oral treatment options for degenerative joint disease--presence and future.

Alleviation of pain and inhibition of inflammation are the primary goals of pharmacotherapy of osteoarthritis (OA). These therapeutic goals can almost always be accomplished by the use of analgesics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID). One of the main problems of NSAIDs is their gastrointestinal toxicity, for which a prophylactic medication should be considered particularly amongst risk groups. Recent studies have shown that COX-2-selective and maybe also non-selective NSAIDs increase the cardiovascular risk so that their application is getting now drastically restricted. Pharmacological results published until now suggest that a clinically relevant minor analgesic and/or anti-inflammatory effect can be attained with the use of some of the SYmptomatic Slow Acting Drugs in OA (SYSADOAs). However, no clinical studies exist, which can positively confirm prevention, slowing down or reversal of any advanced joint cartilage destruction by any individual medication. Disease modifying therapy is still in its infancy; discovery and development of novel therapeutic targets and agents are an extremely difficult task, currently challenging many pharmaceutical companies and academic institutions.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2005

Course of joint disease in patients with antinuclear antibody-positive juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the patterns and time course of arthritis in patients with antinuclear antibody (ANA)-positive juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). METHODS: We identified patients followed during a 16-year period who had JIA by ILAR criteria, were ANA-positive (i.e., had >or= 2 positive ANA test results at titer >or= 1:160), and had a disease duration >or= 2 years. Demographic and clinical features, including ILAR category and cumulative number and type of joints affected over time, were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 195 patients were studied. The ILAR category was oligoarthritis in 159 patients and rheumatoid factor-negative polyarthritis in 36 patients. The cumulative rate of polyarticular extension in patients with oligoarticular onset was 26%, 38%, 45%, 49%, and 51% at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years, respectively. At disease onset, most patients had monoarthritis and 95% had <or= 4 joints affected. The knee was the most frequently involved of all joints, followed by the ankle and proximal interphalangeal joints. Among patients with oligoarticular onset, the presence of ankle (in case of monoarticular disease) and/or wrist involvement in the first 6 months was more common in those who progressed to polyarthritis. CONCLUSION: The majority of our ANA-positive patients, including most of those who later developed polyarthritis, had monoarthritis at disease onset. Among patients with oligoarticular onset, polyarticular extension occurred in around 50% of cases within the first 3-4 years after disease onset, and tended to be less likely thereafter. The early occurrence of ankle and/or wrist disease may indicate a higher likelihood of arthritis progression.

Adolescent↗