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PubMed1951

[Invalid insurance].

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Persons with Disabilities↗
PubMed1979

[Social security nursing in Costa RICA].

This article reviews the development of social security in Costa Rica throughout the various stages of its growth starting in 1941, with special reference to the scope of the health and maternity insurance system and to disability, old-age, and life insurance. After describing the institutional setting of the social security system, the authors analyze the changes that have taken place in the training and performance of duties of nursing staff in the health services, all of which are now part of the Costa Rican Social Security Fund. Lastly, they present the two-year curriculum for training the graduate nurse, and refer to the practice of nursing in the social security system and to the duties performed by the nurse in health education, the actual care of the well and the sick, administration, and research.

Costa Rica↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The problem of private insurance for patients with epilepsy (author's transl)].

324 epileptics were questioned about their approach to private insurance. Only 9,26% of them were covered by a life or accident insurance policy: 3,70% had life insurance, 3,70% accident insurance and 1,86% both. None of the patients had declared his disability to the insurance company. In 6,17% of the 324 epileptic cases an insurance policy had been taken out by their parents. In comparison about 35% of the Italian population in general are insured. A questionnaire was sent to 20 insurance companies; only 5 of them replied, saying that as far as accidents were concerned, they considered epileptics uninsurable. As for life insurance, policies can be contracted at increased premiums, according to the individual case (including the severity of the illness). Physicians must give epileptics fuller information about their insurance plans because, if their illness is detected after an accident, they will find themselves not covered by insurance. Government intervention is called for with the setting-up of special funds for this purpose.

Cost Control↗
PubMed1989

[Consequences of disease and their measurement: introduction].

The measurement of the long-term consequences of disease, which are said to affect 7-10% of the world population in both developing and developed areas, presents both technical and conceptual problems. The development of classification schemes, foremost among which is the International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities, and Handicaps (ICIDH), has considerably changed our perception of these consequences, and has influenced the areas of rehabilitation, social insurance and legislation, disability surveys and health planning. More indirect applications have been the use of classifications in identifying, at local level, disadvantages in everyday life and ways to mitigate these disadvantages; at the macroplanning level, the concept of disability-free life expectancy is gaining increasing recognition. There is an increasing call for revising and updating ICIDH, particularly in the area of handicap, where societal and environmental factors have to be more explicitly taken into account. The operationalization of proposed modifications will require considerable thought and discussion in which persons with disabilities and their representatives will have an important role to play.

Disability Evaluation↗
PubMed2001

Permanent impairments, disabilities and disability pensions related to accidents in Norway.

The purpose of this study was to estimate the burden of accidents in terms of new disability pensioners related to accidental injuries in Norway and to use this information to supplement the picture of the epidemiology of accidents in Norway. The basis of the study was 7,241 new disability pensioners due to accidents in the Disability Register of the National Insurance Administration in Norway for 1992-1997. Included in the analyses are some data from health surveys in USA and Norway. The rate of disability pensioners (16-66 years old) due to accidents increased 4% annually during 1992-1997, and in the age group 16-44 years 8% annually. The increase is found in all types of accidents, except for home and the group other accidents, where the rate is constant. 45% had been injured in traffic accidents, 33% in occupational accidents, 16% in leisure accidents, 4% in home accidents and 2% in other accidents. The rates of disability pensionings due to occupational accidents are three to four times higher among 'blue collar' workers than among 'white collar' workers. While disability pensioning rate in the age group 16-66 years due to accidents has increased 4% annually, the accident mortality for the age group 15-64 years has decreased 3% annually. The relationship between disability pensioning and mortality in the age group 15-64 years is found to be approximately 2:1 for all accidents. For occupational accidents the relationship is 5:1, for traffic accidents 2.5:1, for leisure and other accidents 1:1 and for home accidents 1:2.7. The complete epidemiologic picture due to accidents in Norway per 100,000 of population seems to be: medically treated, 10,000; hospitalised, 1,200; permanently impaired, 800 (of whom probably 50% are treated as out-patients); disabled (restricted activity), 400; fatalities, 40; and disability pensioned in the age group 16-66 years, 50. Medically treated and hospitalised patients due to accidents seem to show a slightly decreasing rate, fatalities a higher decreasing rate. This supplement to the epidemiological picture of rates and trends of impairments, disability and disability pensionings (the more serious consequences of accidents), points to the need to focus on the current trends for accident prevention.

Accident Prevention↗
PubMed1989

[Physicians' tasks in connection with application for disability pensions].

The article includes a general view of Disability Pensions in the National Insurance Scheme. Some statistics relating to Disability Pensions are included. We thoroughly examine the procedures for handling a new case, and the possible introduction of new ways of simplifying the procedures for dealing with new applications for disability pension. From the professional point of view, we discuss in detail the doctors task in regard to new applicants' demand for disability pension; in particular elderly patients over 64, and abusers of alcohol and drugs. We focus briefly on the diffuse diseases. We also consider the patients' right to read the medical certificate.

Disability Evaluation↗