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At least 1,153 records · Page 64Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

A comparison of postoperative morbidity following prophylactic antibiotic administration by combined irrigation and intravenous route or by intravenous route alone during cesarean section.

This study compared the efficacy of a single intravenous dose of Cefazolin alone or combined with an antibiotic containing preclosure-irrigation solution in patients undergoing cesarean section. A total of 308 patients were prospectively assigned to two groups by randomization. Group I received two grams of Cefazolin IV and abdomino-peritoneal irrigation with saline. Group II received one gram of Cefazolin IV and one gram in the saline irrigation solution. The rate of total postoperative morbidity was 2.3 times higher in Group I compared to Group II (16/154 or 10.4% vs 7/154 or 4.5%) and morbidity at the operative site was six times higher (13/154 or 8.4% vs 2/154 or 1.3%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[The results of self-irrigation in colostomy patients who have undergone a process of systematic training].

The present study comprises the results of the use of self-irrigation by 40 colostomized patients, trained by us through a process of systematized training. The effectiveness of the training process can be checked out considering that the most part of the patients have adopted it in its basic features, pointing out a few number of technical difficulties. As to the results of self-irrigation, as a method for controlling the intestinal habit, we can say that 37.50% of the population showed an absence of fecal leakages and 42.50%, sporadic leakages between the irrigations; 27.50% and 35.00%, with absence of gases in the intervals of time and partial use of the collecting pouch, respectively.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Suction-irrigator device for microsurgery: technical note].

A modification of the conventional suction device for microsurgery is described. It consists of a built-in tube in another tube, being the first connected to the suction device and the second to the irrigation. This suction-irrigator device allows to accomplish the suction and irrigation simultaneously and in a precise way.

Equipment Design↗
PubMed2004

[Implementation and evaluation of a teaching plan for the auto-irrigation of colostomy: a case study].

With a view to describing and evaluating the implementation of a teaching plan for the auto-irrigation of colostomy and reporting on the perceptions of colostomized patients related to auto-irrigation, this case study was developed at the colostomy out-patient clinic of the Júlio Müller University Hospital, Cuiabá, Brazil, from February to March 1997. The teaching plan helped the patients to learn about the irrigation technique and social rehabilitation.

Colostomy↗
PubMed2004

Smear layer removal capacity of disinfectant solutions used with and without EDTA for the irrigation of canals: a SEM study.

The purpose of this study was to carry out a scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis of the cleaning qualities and smear layer removal from root canal walls, instrumented and irrigated with 2.5% NaOCl, 2.0% chlorhexidine and saline solutions. Fifty extracted teeth were used in this study. All teeth were radiographed to determine the existence of a single canal. The crowns were cut at the cervical limit and the root canals were instrumented with K-type files up to size 45. During root canal preparation, irrigations were made with the different solutions being evaluated: Group 1: 2.5% NaOCl (10 roots); Group 2: 2.5% NaOCl and 17% EDTA for 2 minute (10 roots); Group 3: 2.0% chlorhexidine (10 roots); Group 4: 2.0% chlorhexidine and 17% EDTA for 2 minutes (10 roots); Group 5: saline solution (5 roots); Group 6: saline solution and 17% EDTA for 2 minutes (5 roots). After instrumentation, the canals were irrigated with each one of the solutions and the roots were cut in the buccolingual direction for SEM analysis, at the cervical, middle and apical thirds, to ascertain the presence or absence of smear layer and debris. SEM analysis was performed by three calibrated examiners and scores were submitted to Kruskal-Wallis test at the significance level of p = 5%. Results showed that the use of 17% EDTA decreased the smear layer significantly (p < 0.05) for all evaluated solutions in all thirds. When EDTA was not used, a significantly higher quantity of smear layer on the apical third was observed only in the NaOCl groups. The use of 17% EDTA was significant for debris removal except for the chlorhexidine groups. The following conclusion could be drawn: the use of 17% EDTA was necessary to enhance cleanness of the root canals.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A scanning electron microscopic evaluation of different root canal irrigation regimens.

The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of endodontic irrigants in removing the smear layer from instrumented root canal walls using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The endodontic irrigants used were: 1% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); 1% NaOCl mixed to 17% EDTAC; 2% chlorhexidine gel; and Ricinus communis gel. Photomicrographs of the middle and apical thirds were evaluated with the aid of the Fotoscore - v. 2.0 software. The results indicated that the mixture of sodium hypochlorite and EDTAC completely removed the smear layer from dentinal walls. The other endodontic irrigants were not as efficient in cleansing the root canals.

Chlorhexidine↗
PubMed1982

Hyperthermic irrigation of urinary bladder tumor in rabbits.

Hyperthermic treatment for bladder tumor in the rabbit was investigated by the irrigation with hot saline through cystostomy after the transplantation of V2 carcinoma cells. When the bladder was irrigated with 42-44 degrees C saline, the inhibitory effect on transplanted tumor growth in the urinary bladder was significant in comparison with control groups. Antitumor effect on the survival and changes in body weight were also significant. Histological study showed the tumor cells were more susceptible to heat than normal mucosal layer. The results suggest that the hyperthermic irrigation of the urinary bladder was effective in preventing the tumor growth with minimum damage on the normal bladder mucosa. Moreover, this malignant bladder tumor of rabbit seems especially suitable for the purpose of studying the new method for transurethral hyperthermic treatment of the urinary bladder cancer.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

The effect of ultrasonic irrigation before and after citric acid treatment on collagen fibril exposure: an in vitro SEM study.

The surface characteristics of periodontally diseased human teeth after two treatments were compared both before and after partial demineralization with citric acid. Thirteen teeth were obtained from patients with advanced periodontal disease. Three teeth were selected for control groups and 10 were used for experimental groups. All diseased root surfaces were identified and outlined. The roots were cut longitudinally into two sections. They were then scaled and root planed and the paired sections were separately classified into two control or two experimental groups. Three sections in control group 1 were rinsed by syringe with saline solution. The three sections in control group 2 were treated with ultrasonic irrigation. The 10 sections in experimental group 1 were rinsed by syringe with saline solution before and after citric acid application; the 10 sections in experimental group 2 were irrigated ultrasonically before and after citric acid application. The concentration of the citric acid was 25% (pH 1.62) and the immersion time was 3 minutes. The root samples were examined by scanning electron microscope. A significant amount of grinding debris covered on all the root surfaces in control group 1, whereas smear was removed in control group 2. The features of root surfaces of the two experimental groups differed considerably. All specimens in experimental group 2 exhibited collagen fibrils exposed as a consequence of citric acid etching. On the other hand, the smear layer was not thoroughly removed from the root surface in experimental group 1, which meant that few collagen fibrils were exposed after partial demineralization. From these results, ultrasonic irrigation before and after citric acid application improves exposure of collagen fibrils, which may be desirable for clinical success in periodontal regenerative therapy.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed1989

[Single burr hole irrigation without drainage in chronic subdural hematoma].

The surgical treatment of chronic subdural hematoma has evolved from membranectomy through craniotomy to burr hole irrigation. The latter approach is based on utilization of the natural absorptive process that is thought to be part of the life cycle of the hematoma. To test this theory, the authors treated fifty-nine patients with chronic subdural hematoma according to the following protocol. Local anesthesia was induced with a modified neuroleptanalgesic procedure. A single burr hole was drilled, usually in the posterior frontal region, and irrigation was carried out until the washing was clear. Subdural drainage was not employed. Patients were permitted to walk about on the following day. The outcome was better than that achieved with conventional treatment. Such complications as tension pneumocephalus and intracranial hematoma were not observed, and only one patient (1.7%) had a recurrence. The results of this study indicate that single burr hole irrigation without drainage is a very simple and effective treatment for chronic subdural hematoma. The absence of subdural drainage may be an important feature, since drainage may contribute to the development of certain postoperative complications. Also, the simplified procedure allows patients early mobility, which may be of particular benefit to the elderly.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Comparison of the sealing efficacies of two obturation techniques in curved root canals instrumented with and without ultrasonic irrigation.

Volumetric dye penetration into the canals of 131 teeth was studied spectrophotometrically. The teeth were first divided into three groups according to the degree of curvature. Each group was then subdivided into four groups, in which the Thermafil and lateral condensation techniques were used with or without ultrasonic irrigation. Significant microleakage differences were observed between group I (0-10 degrees) and group III (21-30 degrees) for lateral condensation filling with ultrasound irrigation and Thermafil filling without ultrasound irrigation (p < 0.05).

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Treatment of acute maxillary sinusitis. IV. Ampicillin, cephradine and erythromycinestolate with and without irrigation.

Six groups, each containing 50 patients with acute maxillary sinusitis, were treated with ampicillin plus nasal decongestant, ampicillin plus irrigation, cephradine plus nasal decongestant, cephradine plus irrigation, erythromycinestolate plus nasal decongestant, erythromycinestolate plus irrigation. The diagnosis was radiologically established and the healing likewise radiologically assessed on the fifth, tenth and fifteenth day. Treatment was given for 10 days. All groups demonstrated a similar radiological healing except cephradine plus nasal decongestant which was inferior to the others. Contrarily, side effects were least frequent in the cephradine groups and most frequent in patients cured with ampicillin. The difficulty in choosing the best treatment is discussed in relation to such factors as therapeutic results, side effects, long-term consequences of antibiotic treatment, establishment of any bacterial etiology and penetration characteristics of antibiotics into the diseased sinus.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

Glycine solution as an irrigating agent during transurethral prostatic resection. Glycine concentrations in blood plasma.

In 17 men undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), an isosmotic solution of 2.2% glycine was used for irrigation. The plasma glycine concentration was determined before and immediately after TURP and 2, 6, 24 and 48 hours later. The serum concentrations of sodium, albumin and prostatic acid phosphatase protein (PAP) were used as indicators of fluid absorption. Calculation of the absorbed fluid volume was based on the plasma concentration of glycine, and the disappearance rate of glycine from plasma was estimated. The mean disappearance rate (T 1/2) was 85 min, which was midway between previously observed rates for sorbitol and mannitol. The observed plasma glycine increase after TURP correlated well with fall in serum sodium and rise in serum PAP, with the blood loss during and up to 15 min after TURP, and also with the weight of the resected tissue. The plasma glycine level, highest immediately after TURP, normalized 24-48 hours postoperatively. No signs of ammonia intoxication or marked serum urea increase were seen in these patients, although some had very high plasma glycine values after TURP (mean 10.2, maximum 23 mmol/l) as compared with the preoperative levels (mean 0.2 mmol/l). There was some increase of plasma serine (a normal metabolite of glycine) after TURP. The authors conclude that the irrigating fluid should have a minimal concentration of glycine, near to the level of haemolysis onset, to minimize the plasma dilution effects, including hyponatraemia, and the appearance of metabolites when the irrigating fluid is absorbed.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1989

Dilution of blood proteins due to irrigant absorption in transurethral prostatic resection.

The serum concentrations of albumin, transferrin, IgG, IgM and sodium, the blood haemoglobin concentration (B-Hb) and the blood loss were determined for 10-min periods in the course of 16 transurethral prostatic resections in which irrigant absorption of between 0.5 and 2.8 I had been measured volumetrically. The concentrations during resection, expressed as a percentage of those recorded just before induction of anaesthesia, were: B-Hb 89.2%, S-albumin 81.0%, S-transferrin 78.4%, S-IgG 81.0%, S-IgM 80.5% and S-Na 96.5%. The blood loss was the most important predictor of the decrease in B-Hb. The dilution of serum proteins was primarily due to hydration from crystalloid fluid given intravenously and from absorbed irrigating fluid; the most specific indicator of the degree of irrigant absorption was the serum sodium level.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Monitoring irrigating fluid absorption during transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP); a comparison between 1 and 2% ethanol as a tracer.

In a series of 35 transurethral resections of the prostate 1% ethanol was compared to 2% ethanol as a marker of the irrigating fluid. The ethanol concentration in the expired breath of the patient (EB-ethanol) correlated significantly to the irrigant absorption, as measured volumetrically, and to the change in the serum sodium concentration at 10-min intervals during the operation. The pattern of changes in EB-ethanol indicated whether the main part of the absorption entered through the intravenous or the extravascular route. With 1% ethanol added to the irrigating solution the absorption of 100-150 ml in 10 min could readily be detected. The sensitivity was twice as great with 2% ethanol; however, 1% ethanol is sufficient for routine procedures as it permits absorption to be detected long before it is large enough to produce a TUR syndrome. Monitoring ethanol in the expired breath provides the surgeon with an instrument to check that preventive steps against further absorption are effective.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

A comparison between two hypotonic irrigating solutions used in transurethral resections of the prostate: sorbitol (2%)-mannitol (1%) and 1.5% glycine solutions.

Two hypotonic but non-haemolysing irrigating solutions, sorbitol-mannitol (2% + 1%) and glycine (1.5%), were compared in 40 TURP cases using a continuous resection technique. Ethanol (1%) was added to the irrigating fluid as a marker to make possible early detection of fluid absorption by breath analysis. Mannitol and sorbitol were determined in plasma and urine; glycine and ethanol were determined in plasma. Apparent absorbed fluid volumes were calculated from the immediate postoperative plasma concentrations of ethanol, mannitol, sorbitol and glycine and from the elimination of mannitol in urine during 24 hours following the operation. The use of a continuous operating technique with a suprapubic trocar resulted in very small absorptions (less than 1 l) in this series. The concentrations of the two solutes in the sorbitol-mannitol irrigating fluid were balanced so that the plasma concentrations immediately postoperatively were of the same order when absorption occurred. The sorbitol concentration declined more rapidly than the mannitol concentration in conformity with previous findings. In most cases the peak plasma level was observed immediately postoperatively but in some cases at a later time (during the interval 0-2 hours), indicating absorption from a depot of fluid accumulated extravesically in addition to direct intravenous absorption. The best estimate of fluid absorption seems to be obtained from the urinary elimination of mannitol, followed by estimates based on the plasma mannitol concentration immediately postoperatively. The plasma ethanol level determined at the same time gave an estimate of the same order, whereas plasma sorbitol and glycine levels gave lower estimates (owing to rapid redistribution and metabolism).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Absorption of irrigating fluid during percutaneous transrenal lithotripsy.

Twenty-eight patients who underwent percutaneous lithotripsy with isotonic mannitol solution as the irrigating fluid were studied. Intraoperative intravenous and total absorption of irrigating fluid was estimated from postoperative analyses of plasma and urinary concentrations of mannitol. Most operating times were short and only minor fluid absorption was recorded. In six cases, however, the fluid absorption exceeded 100 ml and two of these had a maximal calculated absorption of more than 1000 ml (1220 and 1860 ml, respectively). Intraoperative bleeding was a warning sign of absorption of irrigating fluid.

Absorption↗
PubMed1981

A controlled eye irrigation system.

Irrigation of the eye and adnexa is a way of removing damaging material and treating different diseases by applying medicants in the irrigant in humans and in laboratory animals. A system for controlled eye irrigation in animals is presented, suggesting possible use in human patients as well.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Adaptation in the oculomotor response to caloric irrigation and the merits of bithermal stimulation.

Caloric irrigation of the ear is a familiar clinical technique for the investigation of vestibular function that has the advantage of allowing each inner ear to be examined separately. However, it also has the disadvantage that the heating effect lasts for a period of 10-20 minutes, with the result that it is normally necessary to leave a period of at least 10 minutes between successive irrigations. This prolonged heating effect is not immediately apparent from the induced nystagmus, which normally decays within a period of 3 minutes, even in darkness. In the first part of this article, evidence is presented to show that the premature decay of eye movement can be attributed to the effect of adaptation, which is known to operate during other forms of vestibular stimulation. Experiments in which the subject was repeatedly re-orientated with respect to gravity counteracted this adaptation effect and thus revealed the continuation of the underlying thermal stimulus. In the second part of the article, an irrigation technique is described in which an attempt is made to avoid the prolonged heating effect by administering a bithermal caloric stimulus. The effectiveness of this technique is reviewed on the basis of data from previously published trials.

Adaptation, Physiological↗