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At least 1,153 records · Page 64Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of high- and low-osmolar contrast media on renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate in euvolaemic and dehydrated rats. A comparison between ioxithalamate, iopamidol, iohexol and ioxaglate.

The effects of a slow intravenous injection of contrast media (CM) on renal function and haemodynamics were investigated in euvolaemic and dehydrated rats. Iodine-equivalent doses (1600 mg I/kg body weight) of ioxithalamate, ioxaglate, iopamidol and iohexol were used. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow (RPF) were assessed with clearance techniques. In euvolaemic rats no statistically significant decrease in GFR or RPF was found after CM injections. In the dehydrated rats the changes in GFR were more pronounced and this was significantly decreased in the ioxithalamate and iopamidol groups while RPF was still not decreased. This study indicates that dehydration potentiates adverse effects of CM on GFR and that there may be differences between the effects of low-osmolar and high-osmolar CM on GFR and also between different low-osmolar CM.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Comparison of Telebrix Gastro and Gastrografin in abdominal computed tomography.

Palatability as well as the side effects and computed tomographic image quality associated with the oral use of Telebrix Gastro (ioxithalamate) and Gastrografin (amidotrizoate) in bowel opacification were compared in a double-blind study involving 100 patients in a 24-hour protocol. There was a tendency (p = 0.07) for Telebrix Gastro to show greater palatability. The difference between the 2 groups in terms of patient discomfort was too small to reach statistical significance (p less than 0.09). There was no statistical difference between the agents with respect to image quality. In 87% of cases in both groups bowel filling was adequate.

Contrast Media↗
PubMed1986

The incidence of cardiac arrhythmias during intravenous digital subtraction angiography: a comparison of peripheral and central injections.

Intravenous digital subtraction arteriography (IV-DSA) was carried out in 204 patients with arteriosclerotic peripheral vascular disease using the non-ionic contrast medium iopamidol 370. In 124 patients the injection was made into an antecubital vein and in 80 into the right atrium. Rhythm strip electrocardiograms showed no significant difference in incidence or type of arrhythmias between either injection method (p greater than 0.95).

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of intravascular contrast media on blood-brain barrier. Comparison between iothalamate, iohexol, iopentol and iodixanol.

The effects upon the rabbit blood-brain barrier after intracarotid injection of two non-ionic contrast media, iopentol (a monomer) and iodixanol (a dimer) were compared. Iothalamate and iohexol were used as reference substances. 99Tcm-DTPA, 125I-HSA and Trypsin blue were used as tracers in order to demonstrate various degrees of damage to the barrier. Injection of iothalamate led to large extravasation of 99Tcm-DTPA, 125I-HSA and Trypan blue which means severe damage of the blood-brain barrier. Injection of iopentol and iohexol resulted in some extravasation of all three tracers used, whereas injection of iodixanol only led to extravasation of the small molecule tracer 99Tcm-DTPA demonstrating minor changes of the barrier. At computed tomography of the brain with intravascular contrast medium enhancement it is safer to use iodixanol than iothalamate. Iodixanol is expected to cause even less adverse effects to the brain after intraarterial injection than iopentol and iohexol.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Urinary protein profiles following urography with iothalamate. A preliminary report.

Urinary protein profiles (IgG, albumin, beta 2-microglobulin) following urography with iothalamate were investigated in 5 patients with functionally and morphologically normal kidneys. In 4 of 5 patients an increased clearance of at least one of the proteins was found indicating disturbance in both glomerular and tubular function and the change was transient (up to 6 days). Albustix was always negative.

Albuminuria↗
PubMed1988

[ERCP: which contrast medium is suitable?].

To evaluate, wether a new non-ionic contrast medium decreases the complication rate of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography (ERCP), we performed a prospective randomized study in 46 indoor patients with suspected pancreatic or bile duct related disease. The low-osmolar low-viscosity non-ionic Iopromid (Ultravist, n = 15), the low-viscosity high-osmolar Ioglicinate (Rayvist, n = 18), and the conventional dissociable high-viscosity Ioxaglinate (Heaxbrix, n = 13), each presenting a iodine content of 300-320 mg/ml were compared. All three contrast solutions gave excellent imaging of pancreatic and bile ducts. No complications, particularly no pancreatitis were observed. Hexabrix caused significant elevations of gamma-GT from 126 U/l to 178 U/l and mof lipase from 144 U/l to 418 U/l (p less than 0.01), respectively. Following Rayvist or Ultravist injections, no significant changes of the leucocytes, SGOT, SGPT, gamma-GT, AP, lipase and amylase were observed. We conclude that ERCP performed by skilled investigators is a low risk procedure. Selection of suitable contrast media may diminish hepatotoxic and pancreatotoxic side effects. According to our results, we recommend low-viscosity contrast media (Rayvist, Ultravist). The presumed benefit of the non-ionic solution (Ultravist) could not be demonstrated.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The optic neurogram: evaluation of CSF "block" caused by compressive lesions at the optic canal.

Patients with progressive blindness resulting from bony proliferative diseases such as osteopetrosis may benefit from optic canal decompression. A radiologic technique is described whereby the practicality of surgical optic canal widening is evaluated preoperatively using the intrathecal water-soluble contrast agent lopamidol. Conceptually, if a patient who is losing vision demonstrates a block on the optic neurogram, then likely there is still sufficient neural tissue within the optic canal and sheath to cause obstruction, and therefore decompression may be indicated. However, if preoperatively there is no block to lopamidol, then surgical intervention is not indicated, as the nerve has already undergone severe atrophy to the point of "autodecompression." Cases of differing etiologies, with and without blocks, illustrate the utility of the method and point out the importance of early surgical management to prevent irreversible damage to the optic nerve.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of i.v. contrast administration on intraspinal and paraspinal tissues: a CT study. 1. Measurement of CT attenuation numbers.

Contrast-enhanced CT can be useful in differentiating between recurrent disk herniation and scar formation after disk surgery. Thirty such CT studies were assessed retrospectively to determine the utility of CT attenuation measurements in identifying intraspinal pathology. Measured values of intraspinal tissues, but also of "reference" materials such as CSF, blood, and muscle tissue, showed large individual variations; and enhancement patterns for recurrent herniation and scar formation were not specific. The chief value of contrast administration may lie in the clearer definition that is gained of various structures within the postoperative spine.

Cicatrix↗
PubMed1988

[The effects of inhibition of converting enzyme by perindopril on renal hemodynamics and natriuresis in essential arterial hypertension].

Renal hemodynamics and natriuresis have been studied before and 6 hours after oral intake of perindopril (8 mg) in 8 hypertensive patients without renal failure. Then, the patients were treated with perindopril (8 mg per day) and renal hemodynamics was repeated on the fifth day, 6 hours after the morning intake of the substance. Sodium diet was controlled during the study (100 mmol sodium per day). Renal blood flow (RBF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were measured by the clearance method using 131I-hippuran and 125I-iothalamate respectively. The results are as follows: (table; see text) Perindopril produced a potent renal vasodilatation after the first intake and the following days without any change in GFR. A significant decrease in FF was observed indicating that efferent as well as afferent arteriolar vasodilatation was induced. Perindopril produced an increase in natriuresis after the first intake and at D5; this natriuretic effect may be related to the changes in renal hemodynamics inducing a decreased sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors↗
PubMed1988

[Intracellular microelectrode study of the electrophysiological effects of contrast media].

Intracellular microelectrodes were used to study the electrophysiological effects on action and resting potentials, refractory periods and conduction velocities of four contrast media administered either as 1/100 and 1/1000 solutions or as 20 mg bolus injections. The products studied were Telebrix, which has high osmolality (2100 mOsm/kg) and three other contrast media with lower osmolatity (700 mOsm/kg), including Hexabrix, which contains sodium, and Iopamidol and Iohexol which are sodium-free. The parameters measured were not modified by Hexabrix and Telebrix, whereas Omnipaque and Iopamiron induced varied and significant changes in these parameters, notably in concentrations of 1/100 and as bolus injections. It is suggested that the latter contrast media should be used in non-cardiovascular explorations and in patients without confirmed heart disease.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1977

Ventriculography with water-soluble contrast media.

In 170 patients 184 ventriculographies with water-soluble contrast media were carried out, 60 examinations with meglumine iocarmate (Dimer-X) and 124 with metrizamide (Amipaque). Grand mal seizures occurred in one patient following the injection of meglumine iocarmate. The indications, technique and diagnostic results are reported.

Cerebral Ventriculography↗
PubMed1988

Pharmacokinetics and renal accumulation of three iodinated contrast agents. A comparative study of Telebrix, Hexabrix and Omnipaque in the rabbit.

Male and female New Zealand rabbits were given a single bolus injection of 5 ml/kg of Telebrix, Hexabrix or Omnipaque intravenously. Animals were sacrificed 2, 8 and 24 h after the injection. One group of animals received a continuous i.v. infusion of contrast medium at a constant rate of 2.5 ml/kg/h for 4 h. Animals from this group were killed 30 min after the end of the infusion. Product clearance from plasma was studied in the animals given the i.v. bolus of contrast material and sacrified at 24 h postinjection. Plasma and tissue concentrations of contrast material were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Plasma elimination half-lives were identical in males and females and for all three products (approximately 45 min). The same held true for the volume of distribution which comprised between 20 and 26% of body weight. At 2 h postinjection, renal cortical concentrations of contrast medium were 8 to 10 times higher than plasma concentrations. For all three contrast agents, concentrations found in the renal cortex were higher than those in the medulla or the papilla at all observation times. As compared with the evolution of plasma concentrations over time, renal accumulation of the products was found to be persistent. The ionic or non-ionic nature of the tested products and their hydrophilic properties seem to play an essential role in the renal accumulation pattern.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Potentials of echography for diagnosing x-ray-negative calculi].

The objective of the authors, with the present paper, is to specify the possibilities of echography in patients with "negative" renal lithiasis. A total of 54 patients were studied, grouped in two subgroups: subgroup A--33 patients with native-graphy, urography and echography, subgroup B--21 patients with chronic renal insufficiency and intolerance to X-ray contrast media, to whom only native-graphy and echography were performed. The authors concluded, on the base of the statistical calculations, that echography in the patients studied by them, has a higher percentage probability of differentiating the negative concrements than urography.

Adolescent↗