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At least 1,153 records · Page 64Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

The Special Olympic Games for the mentally handicapped--United Kingdom 1989.

The games took place in the City of Leicester in August 1989. Over 1500 mentally handicapped competitors took part, many of whom had severe physical handicaps as well. There were 14 different classes of competition, held in seven separate venues, as well as ceremonies and recreational activities. A medical team of over 100 doctors, nurses and physiotherapists, mostly part-time volunteers, was formed to service the seven medical posts. As it may be of interest to doctors and others involved in any such games in the future, details are given of conditions recorded in pre-games medical examinations, of injuries and other medical conditions treated by the medical team, and some details of the administration and equipping of the medical services. Although the main responsibility of the medical team was to the competitors, many coaches, officials, escorts and a few spectators were also treated.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed1974

Eye defects of mentally handicapped children.

Among 171 children who received routine ophthalmic and orthoptic examinations as part of their evaluation for suspected or known developmental handicap it was found that there was an unusually high incidence of ocular defects. Especially prevalent were high refractive errors (52%) and squints (40%), but there were also a number of other serious eye defects ranging from nystagmus and cataracts to microphthalmos.Because of this high incidence of eye defects it was considered essential that ophthalmic and orthoptic examinations should be part of the routine evaluation of developmentally handicapped children by the team of workers in an assessment centre.

Cataract↗
PubMed1981

The Oxfordshire mental handicap register.

A total of 2027 moderately or severely mentally handicapped people in Oxfordshire considered likely to require special services at some time have been identified for the Oxfordshire Mental Handicap Register. Prevalence rates for those aged 5 to 14 years are estimated to be 3.9 per 1000 home population and 4.14 per 1000 total population when hospital residents are included. Entry criteria are less strict than in other registers, however, and people are identified by general practitioners, health visitors, and hospital staff as well as through the more usual sources. The register is already proving useful when planning and providing services to those in need.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Health care screening for people with mental handicap living in the community.

OBJECTIVE: To determine what contact people with mental handicap had had with their general practitioner in the previous year; what prescribed drugs they were taking and whether these had been reviewed; when hearing and vision had last been screened; and what medical problems were found on examination. DESIGN: Case series. SETTING-Day centre for adults with mental handicap. SUBJECTS: A balanced sample of 75 of the 150 people attending the day centre. 10 Were excluded because consent was not given. RESULTS: The subjects did not consult their general practitioners more frequently than the general population but were more likely to be taking prescribed drugs, and 57% of these prescriptions had not been reviewed by a doctor. Thirty three people failed vision screening, including 13 who wore glasses. Twenty seven of the 62 who were testable had a hearing impairment. CONCLUSIONS: As only eight out of 65 people examined in the study did not have an appreciable problem brought to light, screening seems to be worth while. Whether such screening needs to be done by a medically qualified person needs further research.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Sterilisation of incompetent mentally handicapped persons: a model for decision making.

Doctors are regularly confronted with requests for sterilisation of mentally handicapped people who cannot give consent for themselves. They ought to act in a medical vacuum because there doesn't exist a consensus about a model for decision making on this matter. In this article a model for decision making is proposed, based on a review of the literature and our own research data. We have attempted to select and classify certain factors which could enable us to arrive at an ethically justifiable method of making a medical decision. In doing so we distinguish two major criteria: heredity and parenting competence, and six minor criteria: conception risk, IQ, age, personality, medical aspects and prognosis and finally support and guidance for the mentally handicapped person. The major criteria give rise to a "situation of necessity". In this situation the physician is confronted with a conflict of values and interests. The minor criteria are of an entirely different ethical order. They can only be considered once the major criteria have created a "situation of necessity". Ultimately it comes down to deciding whether the benefits of sterilisation outweigh the drawbacks and whether the means are appropriate to the end, where efficient contraception is the end and irreversible sterilisation is the means.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Dominantly inherited cerebral dysplasia: arachnoid cyst associated with mild mental handicap in a mother and her son.

We report a mother and son who each presented in infancy with hypotonia and global developmental delay. Subsequently, in both subjects, mild mental handicap was diagnosed in association with temporal lobe arachnoid cysts. Mendelian inheritance of this phenotype seems likely and macroscopic cerebral dysplasia in general may be underdiagnosed in people with familial, mild mental handicap.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

The London handicap scale: a re-evaluation of its validity using standard scoring and simple summation.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the validity of the London handicap scale (LHS) using a simple unweighted scoring system compared with traditional weighted scoring METHODS: 323 patients admitted to hospital with acute stroke were followed up by interview 6 months after their stroke as part of a trial looking at the impact of a family support organiser. Outcome measures included the six item LHS, the Dartmouth COOP charts, the Frenchay activities index, the Barthel index, and the hospital anxiety and depression scale. Patients' handicap score was calculated both using the standard procedure (with weighting) for the LHS, and using a simple summation procedure without weighting (U-LHS). Construct validity of both LHS and U-LHS was assessed by testing their correlations with the other outcome measures. RESULTS: Cronbach's alpha for the LHS was 0.83. The U-LHS was highly correlated with the LHS (r=0.98). Correlation of U-LHS with the other outcome measures gave very similar results to correlation of LHS with these measures. CONCLUSION: Simple summation scoring of the LHS does not lead to any change in the measurement properties of the instrument compared with standard weighted scoring. Unweighted scores are easier to calculate and interpret, so it is recommended that these are used.

Disability Evaluation↗
PubMed1991

Randomised controlled trial of the effectiveness of a respiratory health worker in reducing impairment, disability, and handicap due to chronic airflow limitation.

A randomised controlled trial was undertaken to determine whether a respiratory health worker was effective in reducing the respiratory impairment, disability, and handicap experienced by patients with chronic airflow limitation attending a respiratory outpatient department. The 152 adults (aged 30-75 years) who participated had a prebronchodilator forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) below 60% predicted and no other disease. They were randomised to receive the care of a respiratory health worker or the normal services provided by the outpatient department. The respiratory health worker provided health education and symptom and treatment monitoring in liaison with primary care services. After one year there was little difference between the two groups in spirometric values (FEV1 and forced vital capacity before and after salbutamol 200 micrograms), disability (six minute walking distance and paced step test), and handicap (sickness impact profile, hospital anxiety and depression scale). Patients not looked after by the respiratory health worker were more likely to die (relative risk 2.9 (95% confidence limits 0.8, 10.2); when age and FEV1 were controlled for this risk increased to 5.5 (95% confidence limits 1.2, 24.5). Patients looked after by the respiratory health worker attended their general practitioner more frequently and were prescribed a greater range of drugs. This is the third study to have found limited measurable benefit in terms of morbidity from the intervention of a respiratory health worker. This may be due to the ability of such workers to keep frail patients alive.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Value of theophylline treatment in patients handicapped by chronic obstructive lung disease.

BACKGROUND: It is still not certain whether it is worth using theophylline in addition to inhaled bronchodilators and corticosteroids to treat obstructive airways disease. This trial was designed to test whether the addition of prescribed theophylline in doses sufficient for sustained optimal steady state plasma concentrations would produce any detectable additional advantage in spirometric or functional variables in these handicapped patients. METHODS: A randomised, double blind, placebo controlled, crossover study of added theophylline treatment was aimed at steady state plasma concentrations of 10 and 17 mg/l, the dose being calculated individually by Bayesian parameter estimation and maintained for six weeks along with the patient's previously prescribed bronchodilators and steroids. Of 20 patients sequentially recruited, 15 provided data that could be analysed. All had chronic obstructive lung disease with a mean forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) up to about 30% of the predicted value and gave no history of being treated with theophylline. The protocol included spirometry, whole body plethysmography, and treadmill exercise. Measurements also included steady state plasma theophylline concentrations and trapped gas volume. Quality of life was assessed by an established questionnaire method covering breathlessness in everyday activities, fatigue, emotional function, and control over the disease. RESULTS: Both target plasma concentrations were achieved. Improvements in peak flow (PEF; mean 20%), trapped gas volumes (38%), two stage vital capacity (15%), distances walked (48%), breathlessness in everyday activities (32%), and fatigue (18%) were found at the higher plasma concentration only. FEV1, forced vital capacity (FVC), emotional function, and control did not change. CONCLUSION: Theophylline treatment with sustained steady state concentrations about 17 mg/l provides worthwhile objective and subjective further benefits for patients handicapped by chronic obstructive lung disease when it is added to bronchodilators and corticosteroids.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed2006

Visual field loss in young children and mentally handicapped adolescents receiving vigabatrin.

PURPOSE: In adult patients and in children of school age who have been treated with vigabatrin (VGB), persistent visual field defects have been reported as a side effect. To date, it is unknown to what extent VGB causes visual field loss in young children and mentally handicapped adolescents who cannot be tested with conventional perimetric METHODS: The purpose of the present study was to investigate VGB-induced visual field loss in these patients by using a noncommercial arc perimeter and a forced-choice, preferential-looking method. The visual field size was measured in 30 patients aged 1 to 15 years who had epilepsy and who were treated with VGB. The visual field of these patients was compared to the visual field of 70 control subjects. RESULTS: In eight (27%) patients who had been treated with VGB, the visual field was constricted compared with the visual field of the children belonging to the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Arc perimetry shows that mentally handicapped patients and children younger than 6 years treated with VGB have visual field loss compared with the loss reported in adult patients receiving VGB.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Retest stability of the tinnitus handicap questionnaire.

The test-retest stability of the Tinnitus Handicap Questionnaire was assessed for a sample of 32 tinnitus patients. The questionnaire is a self-report measure that quantifies the physical, emotional, and social consequences of tinnitus (factor 1), the interfering effects of tinnitus on the hearing ability of the patient (factor 2), and the patients' view of tinnitus (factor 3). Retest stability estimates were obtained in order to determine the applicability of using the questionnaire as an outcome measure following tinnitus management. High test-retest correlations emerged for factors 1 and 2, whereas factor 3 yielded inadequate retest reliability. Therefore, it is recommended that only factors 1 and 2 be used for documenting changes in self-perceived tinnitus handicap following medical, surgical, or rehabilitative intervention.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Groups for parents of children with Down's Syndrome and multiple handicaps: a pilot project.

One of the main purposes of an Infant Stimulation Program is to assist parents in finding ways of adjusting to and developing the potential of the handicapped child. The Peel Infant Stimulation program at the Mississauga Hospital in Mississauga, Ontario, while aptly fulfilling this purpose, noted that in some instances the stress of having a handicapped child added tension to the marital relationship. In addition, some parents appeared to have difficulty recovering from the news of their child's condition. In response to these observations a consultant with expertise in groups, couples, and family therapy was hired to help form groups for parents who appeared to be having difficulties. An Occupational Therapist from the Infant Stimulation Program was trained in group leadership while co-leading the groups with the consultant. The article explores the rationale for the groups, describes the sessions, and discusses a number of issues that are pertinent to the running of the groups. The intent of the article is to encourage staff working in similar programs to investigate the use of parent groups.

Down Syndrome↗
PubMed1987

Visually impaired infants in the 1980s. A survey of etiologic factors and additional handicapping conditions in a school population.

To identify etiologic factors and ophthalmologic diagnoses related to visual impairment in young infants, a survey was carried out within the 22 school districts providing educational services to all visually impaired infants, birth to 3 years of age, in Harris County, Texas. Review of 102 records revealed that 51 percent had impaired vision associated with prenatal factors, and 31 percent were associated with perinatal events. The most frequent ophthalmologic diagnoses were lesions of the optic nerve, optic pathway, and visual centers of the brain (cortical blindness). A majority of the infants had multiple handicaps: 17 percent had hearing loss, 48 percent had cerebral palsy, 46 percent had seizures, and 78 percent had severe developmental delay. The high incidence of multiple handicaps and significant medical problems indicates the necessity for interface between physicians and educators who serve the visually impaired infant.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1989

Effects of social integration on preschool children with handicaps.

This study examined the effects of (a) integrating handicapped and nonhandicapped children in preschools and (b) a condition designed to promote social integration. Fifty-six children with mild and moderate handicaps were randomly assigned to four experimental conditions: integrated/social interaction, integrated/child-directed, segregated/social interaction, and segregated/child-directed. Observation revealed a higher proportion of interactive play, as well as higher language development, in the social interaction conditions; and children in the integrated/social interaction condition received significantly higher ratings of social competence. These data suggest that structuring social interaction between higher and lower performing children can result in benefits to the lower performing students.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1990

Cooperative learning: does it improve the academic achievement of students with handicaps?

This article reviews the research on the effects of cooperative learning on the academic achievement of students with handicaps. Journal articles that included students with handicaps in the sample (achievement as a dependent variable and cooperative learning as an independent variable) were selected for inclusion. A limited number of studies (12) met the selection criteria, and the findings were inconsistent. More research is needed before teachers are encouraged to use cooperative learning methods to promote the academic achievement of mainstreamed special education students.

Achievement↗
PubMed1991

Overlapping symptoms of substance abuse and learning handicaps: implications for educators.

The effects of substance abuse have produced a population of students who exhibit behaviors similar to the behaviors of many youth with learning problems. Often such students are mislabeled as learning handicapped (including learning disability, behavioral disorder, and attention deficit/hyperactive disorder), when their primary problem is actually one of chemical abuse. The following issues are examined: (a) overlapping symptoms of chemical impairment and learning handicap that may result in misdiagnosis, (b) student populations at high risk for chemical abuse, (c) preventive measures, and (d) intervention and treatment for chemically impaired students.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Autonomy and competence as motivational factors in students with learning disabilities and emotional handicaps.

Over 450 students (136 elementary, 321 junior and senior high school) with primary handicapping codes of learning disability (LD) or emotional handicap (EH) completed several questionnaires. All participants were from self-contained classrooms of a state-operated special education system. Questionnaires assessed students' self-perceptions and perceptions of home and classroom contexts, with all variables theoretically reflecting either the competence or the autonomy aspects of internal motivation or students' personal adjustment. Math and reading standardized achievement test scores were obtained from school records. Using multiple regression analyses, students' achievement and adjustment were predicted from the motivationally relevant self-perception and perception-of-context variables. Interestingly, different patterns of relations emerged for the students with LD and EH.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1993

Assessment of oral storytelling abilities of Latino junior high school students with learning handicaps.

This study investigated the relationship between reading comprehension and oral storytelling abilities. Thirty-one Latino junior high school students with learning handicaps were selected as subjects based on learning handicapped designation, home language, and language proficiency status. Reading comprehension was measured by the Reading Comprehension subtest of the Peabody Individual Achievement Test. Storytelling was measured by (a) the Oral Production subtest of the Language Assessment Scales using the standard scoring protocol and (b) a story structure analysis. A comparison of the standard scoring protocol and reading comprehension revealed no relationship, while the comparison of the story structure analysis and reading comprehension revealed a significant correlation. The implications of these results for language assessment of bilingual students are discussed.

Achievement↗