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At least 1,153 records · Page 64Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Experience with the use of a commercial immunoglobulin diagnostic agent for determining HBsAg in the reverse passive hemagglutination reaction under the conditions of Central Asia].

Use of twice-distilled water or addition of normal equine serum, preheated at 56 degrees C for 30 min and adsorbed with an adsorbent from the diagnostic kit, to normal saline (1 ml of serum per 100 ml of the saline) helps eliminate spontaneous agglutination of the tested diagnosticum during the detection of HBsAg with the use of reverse passive hemagglutination test, when the experiments are carried out in areas with high concentrations of salts and organic substances in the water.

Asia, Central↗
PubMed1989

Comparison of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, an immunofluorescence assay and a hemagglutination inhibition assay for detection of antibodies to K-papovavirus in mice.

The sensitivity of a newly developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of antibody to K virus was compared with the sensitivities of an immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and a hemagglutination inhibition assay (HIA). Specific pathogen-free BALB/c RIVM mice, 5 weeks old, were inoculated intraperitoneally with a mouse organ suspension containing 10(4.5) TCID50 of K virus per dose. Control animals were inoculated with a control mouse organ suspension. No clinical signs were observed during the 7 weeks they were followed for the development of serum antibody. The ELISA proved to be the most sensitive of the three assays and demonstrated K virus-specific antibodies as early as 3 days after infection.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Epidemiology of toxoplasmosis in Chile. V. Prevalence of the infection in humans and domestic and wild animals, studied by indirect hemagglutination reaction, in the Juan Fernández Archipelago. V Region].

A serological study utilizing an indirect hemagglutination test (IHAT) for toxoplasmosis was carried out in 222 humans and in 58 domestic animals (31 dogs, Canis familiaris; 27 cats, Felis catus), and in 62 wild mammals distributed into 50 rabbits, Oryctolagus cuniculus and 12 goats, Capra hircus. This survey was performed in the Juan Fernández Archipelago, formed by three islands: Robinson Crusoe, Santa Clara and Alejandro Selkirk (80 degrees 47'-78 degrees 47' west long., and 33 degrees 36'-33 degrees 47' south lat.). Blood samples were collected in filter paper and IHAT with titres greater than or equal to 1:16 were considered positive. This survey showed a prevalence of 42.3% in humans with no difference between men (43.0%) and women (41.5%). A high prevalence was found within groups of young individuals (0 to 19 years old), men and women. Regarding the domestic animal population, 44.8% resulted positive, distributed as follows: dogs 9.7% and cats 85.2%. Twenty one percent of wild animals were positive, distributed as follows: rabbits 8.0% and goats 75.0%. The global prevalence of toxoplasmosis in animals (domestic and wild) was 32.5%. All titres in humans and animals were less than or equal to 1:512. Toxoplasmosis is well extended among the human and animal population of the Juan Fernández Archipelago.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Serologic diagnosis of intestinal yersiniosis. The design of a stable erythrocyte preparation for the indirect hemagglutination reaction].

Nine types of erythrocyte diagnostica of serovars O3 and O9, differing in the methods of obtaining sensitins and the physical state of erythrocytes, were put on trial. The preparations were used for the titration of hyperimmune sera and blood sera obtained from about 500 healthy persons, 300 patients with Yersinia enteric infection and 300 patients with other diseases. Freeze-dried diagnostica, when compared with liquid ones, were found to be less sensitive, but more stable and specific. Sensitins isolated by the methods of Westphal ad Boivin showed the highest degree of specificity. The authors believe freeze-dried sheep red blood with activated Boivin's antigen adsorbed onto them to be the optimal preparation for use in the passive hemagglutination (PHA) test. The preparation was found to retain its serological activity for as long as 2-3 years. The titer 1:160 (1:200) in the PHA test is recommended as the minimal diagnostic indicator. Erythrocyte diagnosticum is more sensitive, specific and stable than bacterial one. Since 1984 dried Yersinia erythrocyte diagnostica (serovars O3 and O9) have gone into quantity production at the Leningrad Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1989

[Comparison of the results of radioimmunologic and hemagglutination methods in the determination of antibodies against thyroglobulin and the effect of these antibodies on thyroglobulin serum levels].

The following methods have been introduced at our institute: labeling of human thyroglobulin (H-Tg) with the radioiodine 125I by the lactoperoxidase method, radioimmunologic method for serum H-Tg determination by means of rabbit antiserum to H-Tg prepared at our institute, and radioimmunologic method for the determination of antibodies to thyroglobulin. Sera from 15 patients with different thyropathies were examined by the given methods. In the first part of the work the quality of 125I labeled H-Tg was studied. The maximum binding by antiserum was found to be substantially decreased as early as two weeks following labeling, The second part of the study presents our first experience with comparing our RIA method and the hemagglutination method for TgAb determination. The results yielded by the two methods did not differ significantly. The level of serum H-Tg is falsely affected by the competition of TgAb autoantibodies with the first rabbit antibody to H-Tg at recipitation by means of the second antibody. It is therefore important to establish the titer of autoantibodies before actual serum H-Tg determination. This approach is of importance e.g. in following up patients with malignant goiter. The introduced methods are a contribution to diagnosis and management of patients with thyropathies.

Autoantibodies↗
PubMed1989

[Indirect hemagglutination for Eperythrozoon suis detection in experimentally and spontaneously infected swine].

Ten splenectomized and non-splenectomized pigs were experimentally infected with E. suis bearing red blood cells in order to determine the antibody response. All animals were monitored for antibody titer by indirect hemagglutination over a period of 80-290 days postinfection. Latent E. suis infection only yielded a detectable antibody titer in one pig. Acutely infected pigs had a titer ranging up to 1:640. Maximum antibody response lasted only 2 months and dropped below the level of detection of our assay within 2 to 3 months. At this time, the clinical symptoms could reappear and antibodies were again detectable. However, no booster effect was observed with this second outbreak. We also determined the antibody frequency in 138 pigs from 16 herds in Southern Germany. Pigs from only 4 out of 6 clinically positive herds had antibody titer against E. suis. 20 out of 78 pigs of the clinical positive herds demonstrated a detectable E. suis antibody titer. In 10 herds that were asymptomatic and presumed uninfected all 80 pigs were serologically negative for E. suis.

Anaplasmataceae Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of serological tests for antibodies against Newcastle disease virus and infectious bronchitis virus using ImmunoComb solid-phase immunoassay, a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the hemagglutination-inhibition assay.

COMBSCORES determined using the ImmunoComb solid-phase immunoassay were compared with hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) titers specific for Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and with mean enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) titers determined using Agritech Systems, Inc., ELISA. COMBSCORES for NDV and IBV increased proportionately in a stepwise manner as HI titers increased. The ImmunoComb solid-phase immunoassay was ablt to produce endpoint titers on sera with NDV-HI titers of 0 through 320 and IBV-HI titers of 0 through 1024 without reaching the maximum S-value. The ImmunoComb showed good correlation with the HI assay and the Agritech ELISA and should prove to be a useful tool for serological profiling, either alone or in conjunction with the HI test or commercial ELISA.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A comparison of infectious bronchitis virus hemagglutination-inhibition test procedures.

Replicate hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) tests of selected convalescent and hyperimmune infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) antisera were run against five IBV antigens: Massachusetts 41, Connecticut 46, H52, Arkansas 99, and JMK. Six different HI test procedures were included in this comparison to evaluate the effect of procedural differences on HI titers. The results were similar among procedures to the extent that positive and negative reactions were differentiated by each procedure with each antigen. This indicated that specificity was not affected by the procedure. However, the mean titers did differ among procedures in tests of the same serum-antigen combination, and the range of the titer differences was frequently fourfold or greater. Generally, high or low titers were associated with specific procedures, regardless of which test antigen was used.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A standardized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for infectious bronchitis virus: comparison with hemagglutination-inhibition and virus-neutralization assays for measuring protective antibody levels in chickens.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to measure antibodies to infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) in chickens. The results are reported in IBV standard ELISA values calculated by comparing antibody levels in test sera with antibody levels in a series of standard reference sera. The IBV standard ELISA values were good indicators of responses to vaccination and the immune status of experimentally challenged birds. Although the assay was not serotype-specific, the sensitivity makes it ideally suited for determining the immune status of poultry flocks. The assay results compared favorably with other laboratory results, including virus-neutralization titers, hemagglutination-inhibition levels in sera, virus isolation from vaccinated/challenged birds, and the tracheal ring test results.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A method to rapidly convert Newcastle disease virus and infectious bronchitis virus ImmunoComb scores into conventional hemagglutination-inhibition titers.

ImmunoComb scores are highly correlated to hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) titers against infectious bronchitis virus and Newcastle disease virus. Statistical calculations permit using an individual COMBSCORE to predict the corresponding HI titer value. Tables are presented to facilitate the transformation of COMBSCORES into HI titers.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of Mycoplasma gallisepticum strains by hemagglutination-inhibition and restriction endonuclease analysis.

Mycoplasma gallisepticum strains, including a series of field strains from North Carolina, were examined by homologous and heterologous hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) tests and by restriction endonuclease DNA analysis to determine whether they were closely related. HI results indicated wide antigenic diversity. Generally, homologous HI titers were higher than heterologous titers; exceptions were probably due to relative insensitivity of individual antigen batches. Strain A5969, commonly used as an HI antigen strain in many laboratories, was insensitive for detecting antibodies against all of the strains studied. None of the antigens was efficient in detecting HI antibodies against all other strains studied. Restriction endonuclease analysis indicated that North Carolina strains K501, K1453, and K1503 were closely related or identical, as were strains K1545, K1659, and K1486. Strain K1528, isolated from a peacock originally felt to be the source of many of the outbreaks, was not closely related to any of the other strains. Most strains identical or closely related by restriction endonuclease analysis were also closely related by HI. Strains 383T and 236C were identical by restriction enzyme analysis but unrelated by HI tests.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of hemagglutination-inhibition, agar gel precipitin, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for measuring antibodies against influenza viruses in chickens.

Individual variations in serological response to avian influenza virus infection were demonstrated after experimental infection of specific-pathogen-free chickens with H6N2 influenza virus. Homologous antibodies were detected from the 6th to the 157th day after infection using hemagglutination-inhibition or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and from the 11th to the 157th day by agar gel precipitation test.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Hemagglutination assay of polypeptide coded by the pre-S region of hepatitis B virus DNA with monoclonal antibody: correlation of pre-S polypeptide with the receptor for polymerized human serum albumin in serums containing hepatitis B antigens.

The receptor for polymerized human as well as chimpanzee serum albumins has been identified on the 55-amino acid polypeptide coded by the pre-S region of hepatitis B virus DNA. Monoclonal antibodies were raised against a synthetic polypeptide of 19 amino acid residues representing a hydrophilic region of the pre-S amino acid sequence deduced from hepatitis B virus DNA. Sheep erythrocytes fixed with glutaraldehyde were coated with monoclonal antibody against the synthetic polypeptide to develop a hemagglutination assay for pre-S polypeptide. The pre-S polypeptide was detected in the serum containing hepatitis B surface antigen particles along with hepatitis B e antigen, with titers in parallel with those of the receptor for polymerized human serum albumin.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Use of egg yolk to determine antibody levels in chickens inoculated with a hemagglutinating duck adenovirus (adenovirus 127-like).

Chickens were experimentally infected with a duck adenovirus that has been shown to be serologically indistinguishable from Adenovirus 127. Sera and eggs were collected at intervals after exposure for antibody determination by the hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the immunodiffusion (ID) test. Egg yolks were processed for use in the serological tests by (a) dilution in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), (b) extraction of the water-soluble fraction with chloroform, or (c) freezing and thawing PBS-diluted yolks and testing the supernatant fluid. HI antibody titers from serum and extracted yolk were similar except during the initial 2 weeks, when yolk antibody levels were low or absent. Chloroform-extracted yolks were suitable material for the HI, ELISA, and ID tests. Heat inactivation of the chloroform-extracted yolk had no effect on titers.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1986

Detection of mink enteritis virus in mink feces, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, hemagglutination, and electron microscopy.

Twenty-five mink were inoculated with mink enteritis virus (MEV). Fecal specimens were collected daily and were simultaneously evaluated for MEV antigen by use of a direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), hemagglutination (HA), and electron microscopy. Results of the evaluations indicated that MEV was shed in the feces on postinoculation days 5 and 6. The virus was not detectable by ELISA or HA after postinoculation day 6, although viruses were found in reduced numbers by use of electron microscopy. The ELISA was specific for MEV, and the sensitivity of the ELISA for MEV was comparable with that of HA.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Possible relation between viruses and oromaxillofacial tumors. V. Demonstration of hemagglutination-inhibiting anti-BK virus antibodies in patients with tumors of the parotid gland].

Anti-BK-virus hemagglutination inhibiting antibodies were revealed in 81.8% of the patients with parotid gland tumors. Results of the investigations conducted on oromaxillofacial tumors including the parotid gland ones are discussed from the point of view of the presence of viral antigens (herpes-, SV40 and BK-viruses) and of specific antibodies. Possible implication of the papova viruses in the etiopathogenesis of the parotid gland tumors in humans are also discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of the specificity and sensitivity of two commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits, the serum plate agglutination test, and the hemagglutination-inhibition test for antibodies formed in response to Mycoplasma gallisepticum.

Two commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits, seven serum plate agglutination (SPA) antigens, and the hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test for antibodies to Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) were compared for sensitivity and specificity using known MG-positive and MG-negative sera from leghorn chickens. All SPA antigens proved to be highly sensitive when testing MG-positive sera. Laboratory-prepared SPA antigens yielded fewer positive reactions when testing MG-negative sera than commercial SPA antigens. Both MG ELISA kits showed high rates of positive reactions when testing sera from birds given commercial M. synoviae bacterin, fowl coryza (Haemophilus paragallinarum) bacterin, inactivated infectious bursal disease virus vaccine, and to a lesser extent fowl cholera (Pasteurella multocida) bacterin. Immunization with Frey's medium with 12% swine serum-in-oil or Staphylococcus aureus-in-oil resulted in sera which yielded numerous positive ELISA reactions. During the first 1 to 3 weeks, antibodies induced by experimental infection with MG were better detected by the SPA test than by the ELISAs and the HI test, thus confirming the SPA test's importance in Mycoplasma diagnostic serology. The HI test can serve to confirm positive SPA results.

Agglutination Tests↗