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At least 1,153 records · Page 64Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

A quantitative description of echographic images of sclerotic skin in patients with systemic sclerosis, as assessed by computerized image analysis on 20 MHz B-scan recordings.

The aim of our study was to find image descriptors enabling the characterization of sclerotic skin and its differentiation from normal skin, in order to find an objective method for the assessment of skin involvement in systemic sclerosis (SSc). Echographic evaluations were carried out using a 20 MHz B-scanner, on 18 female patients with SSc and on 20 healthy women serving as controls, at 3 different skin sites (forehead, cheek and back of the hand). Images were processed by a program, based on segmentation procedures and object description, employing 5 different amplitude bands and the following parameters: 1) the extension of image areas marked by amplitude bands of interest, 2) the percentage of the image surface reflecting within a homogeneous amplitude band, 3) the number of objects composing the image, 4) the average object size, and 5) the "density" of the objects. At all 3 skin sites, marked differences in the echostructure of the tissue between patients with SSc and the controls were observable. In SSc patients forehead skin appeared thinner and more echogenic, with smaller hypo-reflecting objects and greater hyper-reflecting areas; cheek skin showed an increase in intermediate-high amplitude components, with greater and more numerous hyper-reflecting objects, and smaller and less numerous hypo-reflecting ones; the skin on the back of the hand was thicker, less echogenic, with large hypo-reflecting areas and small hyper-reflecting objects. By image processing these parameters were numerically described. Values referring to sclerotic skin significantly differed from those of normal skin. This echographic procedure is proposed as a method representing a first step towards the quantification of the spontaneous course of SSc and of response to therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

A study of skin color by melanin index according to site, gestational age, birth weight and season of birth in Korean neonates.

Human skin color shows variations throughout life and influenced by various factors such as race, sex, age and hormones. Since the development of spectrophotometer, many studies on human skin color have been done. However, few studies have been carried out to measure the skin color of neonatal infants. The aim of our study was to assess the variations in skin color according to site, gestational age, birth weight and season of birth in Korean neonates. A total of 447 healthy neonates (3 days after birth, 213 males and 234 females) were enrolled in the present study. Skin pigmentation was measured by reflectance spectrophotometer (Derma-Spectrophotometer, Cortex technology, Hadsund, Denmark) at four different sites (forehead, upper arm, abdomen, and inguinal area). The forehead showed highest melanin index in all sites measured (p<0.05). There was no significant difference according to gestational age, birth weight, and season of birth. This result imply that the skin color in neonates is mainly determined genetically.

Arm↗
PubMed2005

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour associated with von Recklinghausen's disease: case report.

Only a few cases of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour (MPNST) associated with Von Recklinghausen's disease or type I neurofibromatosis (NF-1) have so far been reported worldwide, yet the primary disease (NF-I ) does not seem rare even in Africa. We present a case of a 40 year old woman with MPNST of the left thigh associated with NF-1. The diagnosis was based on clinical, radiological and histopathological evidence. She presented with a 25 year history of painless, multiple, generalized skin nodules and hyperpigmented spots. She also noticed a gradually progressive, painless, redundant mass on the left side of the forehead 16 years prior to presentation. Four months before presentation, she noticed another mass at the back of the left thigh, which increased rapidly in size. Examination revealed a middle aged woman with generalized subcutaneous nodules of various sizes (3mm - 2.5cm), multiple café-au-lait spots (2cm-4.5cm), a plexiform neurofibroma on the left side of the forehead measuring 6cm x 5cm x 5cm. There was a firm, non-pulsatile and non-tender mass (11.5cm x 9cm x 5cm) on the posterior aspect of the left upper thigh. The mass was more mobile longitudinally than transversely and was attached to the overlying skin at the summit, the regional Iymph nodes were not enlarged. Most investigations were essentially normal except a plain radiograph, which revealed a soft tissue mass on the left thigh without bony involvement. At surgery, a well localized soft tissue tumour, abutting on the sciatic nerve was widely resected without neural damage to the nerve. Histologic sections of a tru cut as well as the surgical specimens showed a tumour consisting of closely packed serpentine cells arranged in palisades; marked nuclear and cellular pleomorphism and hyperchromatism, many bizarre tumour giant cells, mitotic figures and foci of necroses. The patient received six courses of cytotoxic therapy and is well eleven months after surgery. It is presented to highlight the clinical and pathological features of NF-1 complicated with malignant transformation.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Reconstruction of an extreme frontal and frontobasal defect by microvascular tissue transfer and a prefabricated titanium implant.

A 30-year-old man was referred to us with an extreme frontal and frontobasal defect from a motorbike accident 12 years before. Multiple attempts at frontal and frontobasal revision and reconstruction had been performed over the years, with several episodes of meningitis. Reconstruction was planned in two steps. First, a revision of the anterior skull base with mobilization of meningeal adhesions and duraplasty, removal of infected masses of polymethylmethacrylate out of the upper ethmoid sinuses, and coverage with a deepithelialized latissimus dorsi free flap were performed. In the second step 3 months later, aesthetic forehead reconstruction was achieved with a pre-fabricated individual titanium implant. The predictable result of this two-step reconstruction was very pleasing. Safe separation of the cranial cavity from the upper airways was essential, requiring free tissue transfer in this case, and is a prerequisite for any alloplastic forehead reconstruction. Timing of the two-step procedure, including the CT data acquisition; handling of soft tissues, bone, and foreign material; and construction details of the implant demonstrate the necessary complex management of this, the most difficult case of the 88 applications of the new computer aided design and manufacturing technique thus far. Even the most elaborate computer aided preparation cannot be successful without consideration of established surgical principles.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Gunshot injury caused by a training bullet].

In the course of a scuffle a 50-year old man has been shot by a revolver. The culprit and witnesses state, there has been only one shot, whereas the victim declared having been shot twice. The medico-legal investigation revealed a gunshot wound that passed through the left thigh, a grazing shot of the right hand and a superficial lesion of the skin at the forehead with sprinkled gunshot residue in the epidermis. The investigation confirmed the statement of the victim: the first shot to the forehead was caused by a plastic training cartridge, the second to the right hand and thigh by a cartridge loaded with an ordinary bullet.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Assessment of newborn baby's temperature by human touch: a potentially useful primary care strategy.

Fifty healthy term neonates delivered at All India Institute of Medical Sciences Hospital were assessed by three pediatricians for skin temperature to the nearest +/- 0.5 degrees C at the three body sites, i.e., mid-forehead, abdomen and dorsum of right foot by touch. The predicted temperatures at different sites were compared with simultaneously recorded temperatures at the same sites with the help of an electronic thermometer having a sensitivity of +/- 0.1 degree C. Rectal temperature was also recorded in all the babies with a rectal thermister to compare the variations between the core and skin temperatures. There was a good correlation between the skin temperatures of the babies as perceived by touch and values recorded with the help of an electronic thermometer. All the hypothermic babies were correctly picked up by all the observers. There was good correlation between core temperature and skin temperature at different sites except forehead. It is amazing that even during the month of May, when ambient temperature was maintained between 26-28 degrees C, nearly one fifth of the healthy term babies were under cold stress as evidenced by greater than 2 degrees C difference between the core and peripheral skin temperatures. It is recommended that health professionals and mothers should be explained the importance of evaluating the core and peripheral skin temperature by touch for early identification of babies under cold stress in order to prevent occurrence of life threatening hypothermia.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1992

Phasic skin conductance activity and motion sickness.

Sweating is commonly associated with motion sickness. Previous studies have attempted to relate sweating or the associated electrodermal activity to the degree of motion sickness symptoms. This study was aimed at improving methodology by study of 1) recording site--palmar finger versus forehead; and 2) signal analysis--tonic skin conductance level (SCL) versus phasic skin conductance responses (SCRs). Eleven subjects were exposed to a cross-coupled motion challenge, produced by repeated head movements (16 per minute) during rotation around the Earth vertical axis in which rotational velocity was incremented on a staircase profile from 3 degrees to 99 degrees.s-1 to an end point of moderate nausea. Six subjects underwent additional control conditions of rotation only and head movements only. A group of 12 subjects underwent sessions of vertical and horizontal sinusoidal linear motion through the head z-axis at 0.3 Hz, 1.8 ms-2 rms. Sweating responses were recorded in a further three subjects by mass spectrometry for water vapor from the skin using a dry N2 gas flow method. Phasic skin conductance activity at the forehead site provided the best correlate of motion sickness onset and recovery. Other combinations of signal analysis or recording site were less useful.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The sweating pattern in "hemicrania continua". A comparison with chronic paroxysmal hemicrania.

A comparison of the heat- and pilocarpine-induced forehead sweating patterns was carried out in 8 patients with "Hemicrania continua" (HC) and in healthy subjects (n = 17 and 14 for the two tests, respectively). The results were compared with those obtained in 8 patients with chronic paroxysmal hemicrania (CPH). Unlike what has been demonstrated in cluster headache, CPH and HC patients showed no symptomatic/non-symptomatic side asymmetry or medial-lateral preponderance after sweat stimulation by heating or pilocarpine, exceeding those observed in the control group. The only exception seems to be a significant relative increase in medial forehead sweating on both sides in HC patients when compared to controls during the heating test. With these variables, no evidence for any difference of major importance seems to exist between the two headache forms.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Cooperation and competition during development: neonatal lesioning of the superior cervical ganglion induces cell death of trigeminal neurons innervating the cerebral blood vessels but prevents the loss of axon collaterals from the neurons that survive.

In the adult rodent trigeminal ganglion there is a period of postnatal cell death in the population of cells with axons innervating the middle cerebral artery (O'Connor and van der Kooy, 1986b). The superior cervical ganglion (SCG) also has a projection to the middle cerebral artery (MCA; Mayberg et al., 1984; Cowen et al., 1986, 1987; present report). We hypothesized that the trigeminal ganglion cells innervating the MCA may be competing with the superior cervical projection for target area or for a target factor for survival, and thus the removal of the superior cervical projection at birth (sympathectomy) may promote the survival of some of the trigeminal-artery innervating cells that normally would die. Multiple fluorescent retrograde tracing was employed to analyze the postnatal development of the trigeminal projection to the MCA in sympathectomized and sibling control rats. We found that the SCG projection to the MCA exhibits a period of postnatal cell death. The trigeminal ganglion projection exhibits axon degeneration as well as postnatal cell death. Postnatal day 0 (P0) lesioning of the SCG did not prevent cell death or axon loss in the trigeminal projection to the cerebral artery. In fact, increased cell death of the trigeminal-artery projecting neurons was observed in the lesioned animals when compared to nonlesioned sibling controls. By P55, we found that 80% of these trigeminal neurons had died in lesioned animals, compared with 50% in controls. In both control and sympathectomized rats, close to 90% of the trigeminal neurons innervating the artery in the neonate can no longer be retrogradely labeled from the MCA by tracer applications at P25-90. Thus, although the presence of an intact SCG may protect some trigeminal-artery projecting neurons from cell death, it does not prevent axon retraction and does not permit a larger absolute number of trigeminal axons to innervate the arteries in the adult. Thus, separate mechanisms are responsible for the survival of perikarya versus the retraction of their axons from the MCA. Surprisingly, in the neonatally sympathectomized rats almost 20% of those trigeminal cells that maintained a projection to the MCA at P90 also had a projection to the forehead. In contrast, less than 3% of the artery innervating trigeminal cells in the P90 control rats had an axon collateral to the forehead.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Effect of the application of an anionic detergent combined with FABRY's tincture and its components on human skin resident flora. Part 1: Dermofug solution combined with either FABRY's tincture or 50 v/v% isopropanol.

The aim of the study was to investigate the antimicrobial longterm efficacy of the combined application of an anionic detergent (Dermofug) either with 50 v/v% isopropanol or FABRY's tincture (3 w/v% salicylic acid, 1 v/v% liquefied phenol containing 50 v/v% isopropanol) on the resident flora of the human forehead skin after repeated applications using the forehead skin test. The test results show that both combinations tested are able to penetrate the infrainfundibulum of the sebaceous glands. The combined application of 10 v/v% Dermofug solution (D) and FABRY's tincture (F) showed better antibacterial efficacy than the combination of D and 50 v/v% isopropanol (I) against the coagulase-negative-staphylococci in the stratum corneum/acroinfundibulum as well as in the infrainfundibulum of the sebaceous glands. Against Propionibacterium spp., D and F showed better efficacy than D and I in the stratum corneum/acroinfundibulum, and equal efficacy in the infrainfundibulum of the sebaceous glands. It remains to be clarified in further investigations, which of the components of FABRY's tincture leads to the better antibacterial efficacy of the combined application of D and F in comparison to D and I, the salicylic acid or the phenol acid component.

1-Propanol↗
PubMed1988

Design and evaluation of a new reflectance pulse oximeter sensor.

The design and construction of a new optical reflectance sensor suitable for noninvasive monitoring of arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation with a pulse oximeter is described. The reflectance sensor was interfaced to a Datascope ACCUSAT pulse oximeter that was specially adapted for this study to perform as a reflectance oximeter. We evaluated the reflectance sensor in a group of 10 healthy adult volunteers. SpO2 obtained from the forehead with the reflectance pulse oximeter and SpO2 obtained from a finger sensor that was connected to a standard ACCUSAT transmittance pulse oximeter were compared simultaneously to arterial blood samples analyzed by an IL 282 CO-Oximeter. The equation for the best fitted linear regression line between the reflectance SpO2 and HbO2 values obtained from the reference IL 282 CO-Oximeter in the range between 62 and 100% was: SpO2 (%) = 4.78 +/- 0.96 (IL); n = 110. The regression analysis revealed a high degree of correlation (r = 0.98) and a relatively small standard error of the estimate (SEE = 1.82%). The mean and standard deviations for the difference between the reflectance SpO2 and IL 282 measurements was 1.38 and 1.85%, respectively. This study demonstrates the ability to acquire accurate SpO2 from the forehead using a reflectance sensor and a pulse oximeter.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[A case of extraorbital sebaceous carcinoma].

A case of sebaceous carcinoma of the forehead of a 77-year-old male is reported and discussed and included in a review of all such cases reported in Japan. The patient had a round erosion on the right forehead that had caused itching for 15 months. An excisional biopsy of that lesion disclosed a malignancy and a subsequent wide excision was performed. The tumor recurred several times after excision and partially effective radiation therapy. The patient finally died of aspiration pneumonia 3 years after the first operation. An autopsy revealed that he had a recurrent sebaceous carcinoma extending to the periosteum of the right temporal bone and a solitary pulmonary metastasis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Tissue expansion in reconstructive surgery. A case report.

A case is reported in which serial expansion was used to create scalp and forehead flaps of superior quality skin and subcutaneous tissue to cover a central forehead defect. The background and principles governing this surgery are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Prayer nodules in Moslem men.

Seven cases of Israeli Moslem men with hyperkeratotic nodular callosities of the legs and forehead are reported. These patients were randomly encountered over a two-year period in our dermatology clinic. The nodules were attributed to repeated trauma to the legs and forehead sustained during Moslem prayer. This article familiarizes the clinician with the morphologic characteristics of these lesions, which may occur in some Moslem men.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Double flap method in the frontal and temporal area to cover larger defects left by surgery].

Regional flaps are often necessary to cover defects left after operations in the forehead and temple area, since the skin of the scalp does not stretch well and because of the likelihood of dislocation of the eyebrow. We find the double advancement-flap technique using curving incisions of great use in this area. These curved flaps margins follow the wrinkles of the forehead and the relaxed skin tension lines. This contributes to easy healing and inconspicous scars. At the same time undersired facial asymmetry or disturbance of expression can be avoided.

Facial Asymmetry↗
PubMed1985

Regional heat loss in newborn infants. Part I. Heat loss in healthy newborns at various environmental temperatures.

In 17 newborn infants (gestational age 33-40 weeks, birthweight 1 100-5 560 g) heat flux (HF) from the forehead, chest and calf was measured by HF transducers and heat loss (HL) from those body regions was calculated, taking into account variations in surface area. Both HF and HL were related to operative environmental temperature (Top). Average HF from the forehead, chest and calf was 63.3, 51.5 and 45.7 W/m2 respectively at a Top of 31.2 degrees C and increased by 100%, 66% and 50% as the Top fell to 27.5 degrees C. HL from the head, trunk and limbs contributed about one-third each to total dry HL. These data, in the form of regression equations, permit assessment of heat loss from the various body regions of individual neonates in any thermal environment.

Body Temperature Regulation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An evaluation of liquid-crystal thermometry as a screening device for intraoperative hyperthermia.

Disposable liquid-crystal temperature-trend indicators were evaluated under clinical conditions that simulated the development of intraoperative hyperthermia during anesthesia. Comparison was made to forehead thermistors for rapidity, accuracy, and linearity of response as well as correlation with esophageal and rectal thermistor recordings. The liquid-crystal monitors were comparable to the forehead thermistors in both rapidity and linearity or response, but not in accuracy. A linear correlation existed with the esophageal thermistor temperatures. Correlation with the rectal temperatures was not as exact. It is concluded that liquid-crystal thermometers may adequately serve as screening devices for intraoperative hyperthermia.

Body Temperature↗
PubMed1983

Spatial and temporal variations in human skin blood flow.

Microcirculatory human skin blood flow was studied with laser Doppler flowmetry. The recorded mean flow and its heart synchronous variations were shown in animal experiments to have their origin in moving red cells in the tissue under study. A low, steady and reproducible baseline not coinciding with zero output signal was, however, recorded in tissue with arrested blood flow. The methodological error determined as the coefficient of variation in repeated measurements of the Brownian mobility of a stable emulsion was estimated to be lower than 6%. From intraindividual recordings made on adjacent forearm skin areas with an apparently homogenous perfusion, significant (0.1%) spatial differences in blood flow were demonstrated. In skin blood flow recordings on forehead and forearm skin, made at 20-min intervals, slow fluctuations around the average value were found. Corresponding coefficients of variation were between 4 and 19%. The median coefficient of variation for repeated measurements at the same probe position during one hour was 25%. Wide day-to-day variations in skin blood flow were demonstrated on the forehead, forearm, fingertip and foot. Pronounced variations were also found in recordings made on bilateral and symmetrical skin regions. The results underline the importance of taking into account the natural spatial and temporal variations in dermal microvasculature when designing a stimuli-response experiment that includes the study of skin blood flow.

Adult↗