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PubMed1992

[Anterior segment fluorescein angiography and IOL implantation].

Fluorescein leakage into the anterior chamber (AC) and from the iris were found early after extracapsular cataract extraction (8 eyes) and IOL implantation (29 eyes). The leakage into AC and from the iris were apparently comparable after ECCE, whereas the former was stronger after anterior or posterior chamber IOL implantation, and no leakage was discernible where the iris and the loops of AC-IOL were in contact. Fluorescein leakage into the AC and from the iris indicated overall traumatic damage to the blood-aqueous barrier.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Soft hydrophilic lenses and the fluorescein test].

The author briefly explains the value in the use of fluorescein in contact lens fitting. The use of such a substance is not possible with soft hydrophilic lenses as it colours the lens. A special type of fluorescein was tested and the author explains how to use it and emphasies its value in the adaptation and control of these lenses.

Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic↗
PubMed1978

[Contusion and permeability of the hemato-aqueous barrier to fluorescein. Effect of a pretreatment by local indometacine (author's transl].

An experimental study, by angiography of the anterior segment of rabbit's eye, estimates the permeability of the hemato-aqueous barrier, using fluorescein. A trauma of the eye (contusion) leads to a rapid and significant increase in this permeability. However, local pretreatment, using an ophthalmic solution of 0,33% indometacine, almost completely stabilizes the hemato-aqueous barrier, even for elements as diffusible as fluorescein. These results suggest that application of a similar preparation to the human eye could be useful in the treatment of ocular contusions, chemical burns and angle-closure glaucoma. But the best perspective could be the application of the indometacine solution to the eye, before an operation, to reduce the sideeffects of surgery relative to the surgical break of the hemato-aqueous barrier.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Retinopathy score: assessment of fluorescein angiography findings in diabetic retinopathy].

Scoring of the pathological changes shown by fluorescein angiography in patients with diabetic retinopathy was performed to assess the severity of retinopathy and the effectiveness of treatment. A total of 480 fluorescein angiography sessions were performed in 142 eyes of 71 patients. Eleven items of 7 signs were assessed (microaneurysms, extent of non-perfused area (NP), intraretinal microvascular abnormalities, neovascularization from the optic disc or from retinal vessels, leakage from retinal vessels and macular edema). First, the gradings for the 11 items were analysed by the quantification analysis method III and classified into 6 clusters. These 6 clusters corresponded to the grades of retinopathy. The relative severity of each grade of retinopathy was calculated by this analysis. Second, in order to determine the relative contribution of each item to the grading of retinopathy, the quantification analysis method I was used with the above 6 grades of retinopathy, which were adopted as outside criteria. The regression coefficient of the extent of NP was found to be greatest. Scores were defined as the summation of the category numbers (weights) of the main 7 items.

Diabetic Retinopathy↗
PubMed2004

[Grand mal seizure following intrathecal fluorescein use].

In a 43-year-old woman, 1 ml of 5% fluorescein diluted with 10 ml of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was injected into the subarachnoid space at the L4-L5 level to evaluate nasal CSF leakage. After the injection, amnesia and grand mal seizure developed following a low-back pain spreading through the right leg. The patient was treated with antiedematous and anticonvulsant drugs. CSF drainage and vigorous hydration were performed. The patient recovered without sequelae. It was concluded that intrathecal fluorescein should be used with caution.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Effects of aging on fluorescein iris and angle photography in normal subjects].

In the present study we took the fluorescein iris and angle photography of normal eyes and studied them according to different age groups. The range of age in 108 eyes of 92 subjects was from 20 to 93 years. They were free from any systemic diseases or ophthalmic diseases which would cause iris rubeosis. Fluorography was carried out using a Mizuno Trabeculens to determine the leakage points of fluorescence from the iris and the angle. In the angle there were gonio vessels which revealed no leakage of fluorescein. They were observed in 8 of 30 eyes (27%) for subjects in the fifth decade of life or less and in 24 of 78 eyes (31%) for subjects aged 50-90. No significant difference was seen between the two age groups. As to variations of gonio vessels, radial ciliary body vessel was found in 23 eyes, radial iris vessel or trabecular vessel in 10 eyes, and circular ciliary band vessel in 7 eyes. In the pupillary margin no leakage was seen in 30 eyes of 30 cases in the fifth decade of life or less, while leakage was found in 33 of 78 eyes, 42 of 62 cases over the fifth decade of life. In the angle leakage was seen in 4 of 30 eyes, 13 of 30 cases in the fifth decade of life or less, while leakage was observed in 43 of 78 eyes over the fifth decade of life. These results suggested that leakage of fluorescence from the pupillary margin, the angle or both increases with age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Direct cytotoxicity mediated by allogeneic and isogeneic pig lymphocytes modified with fluorescein isothiocyanate.

Cell mediated cytotoxicity (CMC) is restricted by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in some animal models but not in others. In order to determine if there was MHC restriction in a CMC experimental model, mononuclear cells from blood of two lines of pigs, (1/1) and (6/6) which are homogeneous to the MHC products (SLA-ABCD), were used. Cytotoxic (1/1) cells were induced in vitro and in vivo against (1/1) mononuclear cells modified with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and tested against (1/1)-FITC isogeneic and (6/6)-FITC allogeneic cells, without showing MHC restriction of the cytotoxicity. The cytolysis was not due to antibody and K cells because fluoresceinated ovalbumin did not inhibit the test. It was not due to the "altered self" reaction against its own MHC products that sometimes may be induced by allogeneic responses, because the (1/1) anti (6/6) cytotoxic cells did not kill haptenated cells (1/1)-FITC. According to the results there was no evidence of MHC restriction of the CMC response of haptenated cells from pigs of (1/1) haplotype.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

The changes of fluorescein angiography and visual electrophysiology in ocular posterior aging degeneration syndrome (OPADS).

Ocular posterior aging degeneration syndrome (OPADS) is related to age excepting inflammation, trauma, tumor, congenital abnormalities. Clinically, it can be divided into several types: degeneration, pre-retinal membrane, hole and mixed types. Changes can be seen in the choroidoretina with fluorescein angiography. In the degeneration type, there are changes of chroid-blood vessels, pigment epithelium and neovasculization. The manifestation in pre-retinal membrane type are small vascular tortuosity, expansion or fluorescein leadage, retinal pigment epithelium window defects. The hole type shows lack of retinal capillaries and retinal pigment epithelium window defects. Visual electrophysiological tests by various intensities and colors show the abnormal ERG. The bio-electricity active changes indicated the correlation among several ocular posterior aging degeneration types.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Measurement of retinal circulation times in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy by use of fluorescein video angiography and image analysis system].

Retinal circulation times were measured in all measurable retinal areas using fluorescein video angiography and image analysis systems. The subjects cornsted of 16 non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy eyes and 31 normal eyes. In the diabetic eyes no non-perfusion area was found on fluorescein angiograms. Retinal circulation times were measured when 16%, 33%, 50%, 66% or 83% of the total fluorescence volume was reached. Measured retinal areas consisted of 61 areas in diabetic eyes and 120 areas in normal eyes. Retinal circulation times of 50% and under flowed were found significantly shorter in the diabetic eyes than in the normal eyes (p less than 0.03). These results showed that blood flow volume of the shorter way in retinal circulation might increase in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The pharmacokinetics of hematoporphyrin, its derivative and fluorescein during the development of carcinosarcoma].

The pharmacokinetics of fluorescein, hematoporphyrin and a derivative of hematoporphyrin was studied microspectrofluorometrically on rats with transplanted carcinosarcoma. It was shown that in the rats in contrast to intact animals the tissue concentration of fluorescein exhibits a general tendency towards an increase, that of hematoporphyrin towards a decrease and that of hematoporphyrin derivative towards an increase in all parenchymatous organs and a decrease in the skin and mucosae of the hollow organs. At the equally short period of the maximal accumulation of luminophores, the tumour tissue differs from the normal one by a pronounced delay of excretion only of hematoporphyrin derivative.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[The relation of fluorescein angiography in low tension glaucoma with retinal nerve fiber layer defect and visual field damage].

The fluorescein angiography, visual field and retinal nerve fiber layer defects (RNFLD) in 23 patients (35 eyes) with low tension glaucoma (LTG) showed that there was a marked positional correspondency between the fluorescein filling defect of the optic disc and the RNFLD (91.4%) or the visual field defect (77.1%). Besides, the rate of positional correspondent between the RNFLD and visual field defect was 80.0%. The study indicated that RNFLD and visual field defect of LTG are related to ischemia of the optic disc.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Fluorochromasia lymphocytotoxicity assay for detection of natural killer cell activity using fluorescein-activated cell sorter].

A new fluorochromasia lymphocytotoxicity assay using a fluorescein-activated cell sorter (FACS) was developed for detecting natural killer cell (NK) activity. Carboxy-fluorescein-diacetate (C-FDA) labeled K 562 cell was used as the target cell. An optimal labeling condition is incubation with 25 micrograms/ml of C-FDA for 1 hour to separate target cells from effector cells by FACS. These labeled cells were cocultured with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) as effector cells or with heat-activated PBMC as control cells. At various effector/target cell ratios, the number of C-FDA positive cells determined by FACS showed good reproducibility (coefficient of variation ranged from 0.9 to 9.1%), and an incubation period of 4 hours was sufficient for lysis. At the end of the lysis period, the number of target cells cultured with effector cells (A) or with control cells (B) was determined by FACS. Percent NK activity was calculated according to the following formula: (1-A/B) x 100. An adequate correlation between NK activity assayed by the 51Cr-method (x) and C-FDA (y) on the same cell population simultaneously was obtained (r = 0.89, the regression curve was y = 0.86 x + 3.74). C-FDA assay using FACS appears to be a good alternative to the 51Cr assay in the detection of NK activity.

Cell Separation↗
PubMed1990

Monitoring skin fluorescein delivery independent of skin pigmentation.

This study evaluated two changes in fluorometric assessment of fluorescein dye delivery: (1) monitoring the proportional, rather than the absolute, increase above the preinjection background reading at each site to obviate the effect of skin color and (2) employing gradual means of dye administration to facilitate monitoring uptake kinetics and to lessen the likelihood and severity of histamine-mediated reactions. In 15 beagles, background and postdye readings were obtained with the fiberoptic fluorometer at 27 pairs of matched light- and dark-skin sites of intact perfusion. After dye administration, the absolute increase in fluorescence at light sites averaged more than twice (approximately 225%) that at dark sites. However, the newly introduced proportional increase (PI) was independent of pigmentation. The PI of comparably perfused light and dark sites differed by an average of 3.9% (p greater than 0.05 for difference between PIdark and PIlight). This consistency was maintained after each of three methods of fluorescein administration. After the color independence of the PI was established, its relation to perfusion was assessed in nine 3 X 12 cm pedicle flaps of varied pigmentation. Background fluorometric readings were obtained at eight sites along the longitudinal axis of each flap. Dye was administered as a 20-minute 0.25 mg/kg/min infusion. The PI clearly delineated gradations in perfusion, correlating highly with more time-consuming kinetic indexes and accurately predicting viability. The pedicle row, last viable row (V1), and first nonviable row (N1) had mean PI values of 10.5 +/- 4.5, 4.2 +/- 2.6, and 0.1 +/- 0.1, respectively, at 25 minutes after the start of infusion (p less than 0.05 for pedicle vs V1, pedicle vs N1, and V1 vs N1).

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A rapid method for viability and drug sensitivity of Mycobacterium leprae cultured in macrophages and using fluorescein diacetate.

The ability of viable M. leprae to hydrolyze Fluorescein diacetate and retain fluorescein inside the bacteria was used to identify viable M. leprae inside the cultured in vitro macrophages. The subjective microscopic count of the FDA test was demonstrated as useful routine test by confirming the results obtained therein with a quantitative and non subjective measurement of fluorescence in spectrofluorimeter. Using this method loss of viability of M. leprae in presence of dapsone and rifampicin was demonstrated. Such an assay, was well correlated with another in vitro assay, the Fc receptor test and also the in vivo mouse foot test. The drug resistance of clinical isolates of M. leprae demonstrated by mouse foot pad was also correlated with FDA test system. Thus we have reported a reliable, consistent and rapid in vitro test system for determining viability and drug sensitivity of M. leprae.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Observation of erythrocyte flow in retinal vessels during fluorescein angiography].

Erythrocytes do not take up fluorescein intracellularly during angiography, they are hypofluorescent compared to blood plasma. This negative staining phenomenon has not been observed in the human retina. Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy permits imaging of the retina with a higher temporal and a higher spatial resolution than a conventional funduscamera. Thus, the retinal erythrocyte flow can be observed during fluorescein angiography. The red blood cells are seen as multiple black dots in a superficial layer of the intravasal blood column. A pathologically reduced blood flow can be recognized by simple observation. The velocity of the red blood cells is estimated with an erythrocyte velocimeter, that permits an optical comparison between the velocity of black dots and the velocity of the cells in the retinal vessel. The measured values fit well to the data obtained with the laser doppler technique. Therefore, the negative staining phenomenon in association with scanning laser ophthalmoscopy gives us a new tool in retinal microcirculation research.

Erythrocytes↗
PubMed1989

Fluorescein angiography of the optic nerve head in the elderly.

Interpretation of fluorescein angiography of the optic nerve head is somewhat difficult due to its peculiar vasculature. Three early phases can commonly be observed: 1) retrolaminar and prelaminar filling; 2) prelaminar filling; 3) superficial capillary filling. The authors describe the characteristics of the fluorescein angiography of norman optic nerve hed in the elderly. The interpretation of these signs is also discussed.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fluorescein angiography. Part 2: Clinical applications.

Fluorescein angiography is used to identify the areas of leakage and retinal thickening so that specific laser treatment can be directed to these areas. In proliferative diabetic eye disease, the patient needs urgent scatter panretinal laser photocoagulation to help shrink the new blood vessels. Fluorescein angiography reveals a blockage of the retinal flow into the eye with marked increase in the arm-to-retina circulation time.

Diabetic Retinopathy↗
PubMed1989

Aspheric rigid gas permeable contact lenses: practitioner discrimination of base curve increments using fluorescein pattern evaluation.

Evaluation of the fluorescein pattern is the main clinical indicator of the fit of a rigid gas permeable (RGP) contact lens to the cornea. Traditionally, manufacturers inventory RGP lenses in 0.05-mm base curve increments. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that experienced practitioners are not able to discern base curve/cornea relations of aspheric design lenses correctly to within +/- 0.05 mm. Eleven clinicians with expertise in fitting rigid lenses were asked to interpret fluorescein patterns and lens fittings of the Bausch & Lomb Quantum aspheric RGP lens on five adapted rigid lens wearers. The results showed that the experienced practitioners used in this study were not able to discriminate cornea/base curve relations of Quantum aspheric lenses within +/- 0.05 mm more than 67% of the time (p less than 0.05). There were no patient-to-patient differences based on type of lens fit (interpalpebral or lid attachment) or degree of corneal toricity. Lenses fitted in 0.10-mm base curve steps were judged as being as acceptable as lenses fitted in 0.05 mm steps (p less than 0.05). It was concluded that Quantum aspheric design lenses need only be trial fitted in 0.10-mm base curve steps.

Computers↗