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Results for “FATTY ACIDS, ESSENTIAL”

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At least 1,153 records · Page 64Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Meta-analysis of placebo-controlled studies of the efficacy of Epogam in the treatment of atopic eczema. Relationship between plasma essential fatty acid changes and clinical response.

Gamma-linolenic acid in the form of a particular variety of evening primrose oil (Epogam) has been reported of value in the treatment of atopic eczema. Nine controlled trials of evening primrose oil were performed in eight centres. Four of the trials were parallel and five cross-over. Doctors and patients assessed the severity of eczema by scoring measures of inflammation, dryness, scaliness, pruritus and overall skin involvement. Individual symptom scores were combined to give a single global score at each assessment point. In the analysis of the parallel studies, both patient and doctor scores showed a highly significant improvement over baseline (P less than 0.0001) due to Epogam: for both scores the effect of Epogam was significantly better than placebo. Similar results were obtained on analysis of the cross-over trials, but in this case the difference between Epogam and placebo in the doctors' global score, although in favour of Epogam, failed to reach significance. The effects on itch were particularly striking. There was no placebo response to this symptom, whereas there was a substantial and highly significant response to Epogam (P less than 0.0001). When the improvements, or otherwise, in clinical condition were related to changes in plasma levels of dihomogammalinolenic and arachidoni acids, it was found that there was a positive correlation between an improvement in clinical score and a rise in the fatty acid levels.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Alterations in cerebral and microvascular prostaglandin synthesis by manipulation of dietary essential fatty acids.

Sprague-Dawley rats were fed one of three purified diets--10% corn oil, 10% hydrogenated coconut oil, or 10% linseed oil--through two generations. At 60-80 days of age the animals were sacrificed. The fatty acyl composition of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, plasmalogen phosphatidylethanolamine, and combined phosphatidylinositol/phosphatidylserine from cerebral cortex and isolated cerebral microvessels was determined. Brain slice prostaglandin F2 alpha or microvascular prostacyclin synthesis was also measured. Major changes were noted in the fatty acid profiles, most dramatically in the phosphatidylethanolamine and ethanolamine plasmalogen fractions, with an active rise in docosahexaenoic acid resulting from linseed oil feeding. A depression in prostaglandin F2 alpha synthesis was seen in brain slices of hydrogenated coconut oil- and linseed oil-fed rats. Such a depression was also observed in microvascular prostaglandin synthesis at basal and stimulated levels but not in control incubations. The potential importance of these findings to cerebral microcirculation and hemostasis is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Diet and the essential fatty acid status of term infants.

Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids with 20 and 22 carbon atoms (LCPs) seem to play an important role during the rapid development of the infant brain in the late fetal and early postnatal period. These LCPs are integral constituents of biological membranes and they are involved in the regulation of functional properties like fluidity, permeability and activity of membrane-bound enzymes. Human milk contains LCPs in an amount of 0.5-3 wt% of total fatty acids, whereas commercially available infant formulae are almost free of them. Recently, several clinical trials, primarily with preterm infants, have reported that the content of LCPs in the blood and a functional parameter like visual acuity correlate with the content of LCPs in the diet. In this clinical trial we studied the effect of different diets on the fatty acid pattern of plasma and erythrocyte lipids of healthy term infants during the first 3 months of life. Breast-fed infants were compared with formula-fed babies who received a commercially available formula without LCPs or a new experimental formula enriched with LCPs that was similar to human milk. The results indicate that the introduction of milk feeding leads to marked differences in the blood lipid composition during the first months of life, independent of the feeding regimen. Secondly, the supplementation of a formula with LCPs seems to result in a blood lipid composition similar to infants fed with human milk. This supports the hypothesis that the newborn term infant has a limited desaturating capacity and depends on an exogenous supply of LCPs during the first months of life.

Arachidonic Acid↗
PubMed1990

A randomized trial of dietary intervention with essential fatty acids in patients with categorized cysts.

Two hundred women with breast cysts proven by aspiration were entered into a randomized double-blind trial of Efamol (evening primrose oil) at a dose of 6 capsules daily or equivalent placebo dose for a year. Cysts were categorized by initial electrolyte composition, and follow-up continued for 1 year posttherapy. Recurrent cyst formation in the first year was slightly (but not significantly) lower in the Efamol group compared with the placebo-treated group. The Efamol treatment was well tolerated as the dropout rate was only 7% and equal in both the active and placebo groups. The initial electrolyte composition did not predict for cyst recurrence.

Adult↗