Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Engineering”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,153 records · Page 64Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

1991 survey of hospital salaries & job responsibilities for clinical engineers & biomedical technicians.

The Journal of Clinical Engineering has conducted its sixth survey of the salaries paid to Clinical Engineers and Biomedical Equipment Technicians in U.S. hospitals. This paper reports the salary and work responsibility data obtained from 1,316 professionals in relationship to: Certification; Region of the U.S.; Teaching Versus Nonteaching Facilities; Years of Experience; Education; Union Membership; and Gender. Data are included on Wage Increases and Job Responsibilities. Data are as of 12/31/90 and are compared to 12/31/89. The average BMET I has 2.2 years of experience and earns $22,043 +/- $4,212 (Std. Dev.). The average BMET II has 6.5 years of experience and earns $27,627 +/- $5,466. The average BMET III has 11.6 years of experience and earns $33,843 +/- $6,099. The average BMET Supervisor has 13.5 years of experience and earns $38,159 +/- $7,701. The average Clinical Engineer has 8.5 years of experience and earns $39,127 +/- $7,884. CE Supervisors are the highest paid in the field with an average 13.9 years of experience and an average salary of $51,050 +/- $12,465. Wages are the highest on the West Coast. This year, the lowest wages were in the Southwest. From 1989 to 1990, the wage ranges for all job types increased substantially: BMET Is, +13.4%; BMET IIs, +5.3%; BMET IIIs, +8.0%; BMET Supervisors, +7.9%; CEs, +5.7%; CE Supervisors, +10.4%; and Supervisor, Other, +6.0%. The highest quartile of CE Supervisors now earns between $56,700 and $100,000 per year. While certified individuals earn $158 to $5,702 more than noncertified, this is attributable, in part, to additional years of experience.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The definition of a clinical engineer.

The American College of Clinical Engineering formed a committee to develop a contemporary definition of a Clinical Engineer. The committee considered existing definitions including that currently used by the Clinical Engineering Board of Examiners of the International Certification Commission. Educators and other societies provided other definitions. Following substantial discussion and revisions, the definition was adopted by the Board of Directors of the ACCE on May 13, 1991.

Biomedical Engineering↗
PubMedDate not supplied

1992 survey of salaries & responsibilities for hospital biomedical/clinical engineering & technology personnel.

The Journal of Clinical Engineering has conducted its seventh annual survey of the salaries paid to biomedical/clinical engineering and technology personnel in U.S. hospitals. This paper reports the salary and work responsibility data obtained from 1,482 professionals in relationship to: Certification; Region of the U.S.; Teaching versus Nonteaching Facilities; Years of Experience; Education; Union Membership; and Gender. Data are included on Wage Increases and Job Responsibilities. Data are as of 12/31/91 and are compared to 12/31/90. This year, new job categories were introduced for the overall department or group Director or Manager and the BMET Specialist. The average BMET I has 2.4 years of experience and earns $23,647 +/- $4,442 (Std. Dev.). The average BMET II has 6.6 years of experience and earns $30,128 +/- $5,696. The average BMET III has 12.9 years of experience and earns $35,855 +/- $5,942. The average BMET Specialist has 13.5 years of experience and earns $40,910 +/- $8,938. The average BMET Supervisor has 13.3 years of experience and earns $37,905 +/- $6,786. The average Clinical Engineer has 7.4 years of experience and earns $40,413 +/- $7,899. CE Supervisors have an average 12.2 years of experience and an average salary of $46,927 +/- $9,935. The overall group or department Director or Manager has 15 years of experience and earns $49,096 +/- $17,333 on average. Wages are the highest on the West Coast. This year, the lowest wages were in the Southeast. Because of survey changes in supervisor survey categories, year-to-year changes for supervisor wages cannot be evaluated. BMET wages, however, advanced 6% to 9%, year to year. The highest quartile of Director/Managers now earns between $53,000 and $245,000 per year. Certified individuals generally earn up to $3,257 more than noncertified, except for BMET Specialists where the certified respondents earned less than the noncertified.

Biomedical Engineering↗
PubMedDate not supplied

1993 survey of salaries & responsibilities for hospital biomedical/clinical engineering & technology personnel.

The Journal of Clinical Engineering has conducted its eighth annual survey of the salaries paid to biomedical/clinical engineering and technology personnel in U.S. hospitals. This paper reports the salary and work responsibility data obtained from 1,497 professionals in relationship to: Certification; Region of the U.S.; Teaching versus Nonteaching Facilities; Years of Experience; Education; Union Membership; and Gender. Data are included on Wage Increases and Job Responsibilities. Data are as of 12/31/92 and are compared to 12/31/91. Last year, new job categories were introduced for the overall department or group Director or Manager and the BMET Specialist. The average BMET I has 3.1 years of experience and earns $24,418 +/- $4,615 (Std. Dev.). The average BMET II has 6.8 years of experience and earns $29,853 +/- $5,782. The average BMET III has 13.3 years of experience and earns $37,205 +/- $6,269. The average BMET Specialist has 13.9 years of experience and earns $42,808 +/- $9,420. The average BMET Supervisor has 13.4 years of experience and earns $39,206 +/- $7,709. The average Clinical Engineer has 9.1 years of experience and earns $40,121 +/- $8,242. CE Supervisors have an average 12.1 years of experience and an average salary of $47,353 +/- $15,501. The overall group or department Director or Manager has 15.7 years of experience and earns $51,237 +/- $16,381 on average. Wages are the highest on the East and West Coasts. Again this year, the lowest wages were in the Southeast. BMET wages advanced up to 4.6%, year to year. The highest quartile of Director/Managers now earns between $56,000 and $212,000 per year. Certified individuals variously earn up to $7,995 more than noncertified.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

1994 survey of salaries & responsibilities for hospital biomedical/clinical engineering & technology personnel.

The Journal of Clinical Engineering has conducted its ninth annual survey of the salaries paid to biomedical/clinical engineering and technology personnel in U.S. hospitals. This paper reports the salary and work responsibility data obtained from 1,335 professionals in relationship to: Certification; Region of the U.S.; Teaching versus Nonteaching Facilities; Years of Experience; Education; Union Membership; and Gender. Data are included on Wage Increases and Job Responsibilities. Data are as of 12/31/93 and are compared to 12/31/92. The average BMET I has 3.7 years of experience and earns $25,464 +/- $4,838 (Std. Dev.). The average BMET II has 7.3 years of experience and earns $31,217 +/- $6,069. The average BMET III has 13.2 years of experience and earns $38,095 +/- $6,187. The average BMET Specialist has 14.3 years of experience and earns $43,017 +/- $9,322. The average BMET Supervisor has 14.2 years of experience and earns $41,194 +/- $7,844. The average Clinical Engineer has 8.4 years of experience and earns $42,392 +/- $7,630. CE Supervisors have an average 13.1 years of experience and an average salary of $47,403 +/- $9,561. The overall group or department Director or Manager has 15.5 years of experience and earns $52,245 +/- $13,567 on average. Wages are the highest on the East and West Coasts. The lowest wages are in the Southeast and Southwest. BMET wages advanced up to 5.1%, year to year. The highest quartile of Director/Managers now earns between $59,000 and $101,000 per year. Certified individuals variously earn up to $5,188 more than noncertified.

Biomedical Engineering↗
PubMedDate not supplied

1995 survey of salaries & responsibilities for hospital biomedical/clinical engineering & technology personnel.

The Journal of Clinical Engineering conducted its tenth annual survey of the salaries paid to biomedical/clinical engineering and technology personnel in U.S. hospitals. This paper reports the salary and work responsibility data obtained from 1,091 professionals in relationship to: Certification; Region of the U.S.; Teaching versus Nonteaching Facilities; Years of Experience; Education; Union Membership; and Gender. Data are included on Wage Increases and Job Responsibilities. Data are as of 12/31/94 and are compared to 12/31/93. The average BMET I has 3.2 years of experience and earns $25,460 +/- $6,600 (std. dev.). The average BMET II has 7.4 years of experience and earns $31,745 +/- $8,500. The average BMET III has 13.3 years of experience and earns $39,383 +/- $7,600. The average BMET Specialist has 13.3 years of experience and earns $43,090 /+- $1,700. The average BMET Supervisor has 14.7 years of experience and earns $42,930 /+- $7,600. The average Clinical Engineer has 10 years of experience and earns $43,169 /+- $11,100. CE Supervisors have an average 13.1 years of experience and an average salary of $47,776 /+- $11,300. The overall group or department Director or Manager has 15.5 years of experience and earns $51,982 /+- $14,000 on average.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

1996 survey of salaries & responsibilities for hospital biomedical/clinical engineering & technology personnel.

The Journal of Clinical Engineering conducted its eleventh annual survey of the salaries paid to biomedical/clinical engineering and technology personnel in U.S. hospitals. This paper reports the salary and work responsibility data obtained from 907 professionals in relationship to: Certification; Region of the U.S.; Teaching versus Nonteaching Facilities; Years of Experience; Education; Union Membership; and Gender. Data are included on Wage Increases and Job Responsibilities. Data are as of 12/31/95 and are compared with data as of 12/31/94. The average BMET I has 3.6 years of experience and earns $24,439 + $5,800 (nationwide mean + standard deviation). The average BMET II has 7.4 years of experience and earns $32,592 + $7,300. The average BMET III has 14.7 years of experience and earns $39,844 + $7,100. The average BMET Specialist has 16.1 years of experience and earns $44,484 + $10,400. The average BMET Supervisor has 15.4 years of experience and earns $42,939 + $8,500. The average Clinical Engineer has 11.7 years of experience and earns $44,844 + $9,600. CE Supervisors average 15.9 years of experience and have an average salary of $49,053 + $12,100. The overall group or department Director or Manager has 16.6 years of experience and earns $52,120 + $12,900 on average.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Establishment of a clinical engineering department in a Venezuelan national reference hospital.

Since 1976, Clinical Engineering (CE) has been studied at the Simón Bolívar University (USB) as part of the Bioengineering Studies program developed at that University. However, it was not until 1996 that Clinical Engineering activities were established in a Venezuelan hospital. This paper describes how the USB, using its own human resources, has achieved the establishment of a Clinical Engineering Department in a national reference hospital for the first time.

Biomedical Engineering↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Technology assessment--a survey of the clinical engineer's role within the hospital.

Advancements in technology are vital to improve clinical outcomes within the medical community and, in particular, to healthcare systems. The need for a systematic approach to analyzing, assessing and selecting the best new technology for individual hospitals continues to increase in response to this technological growth. To determine the use of technology assessment, the effectiveness of different methods, and the role of clinical engineers and bioengineers in this process, a survey was conducted of clinical engineering departments throughout the United States. The results reveal that technology assessment programs are widely utilized as a team effort between hospital departments. Clinical engineers are playing a key role within these teams as technology managers.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2026

Upcycling Vegetable Waste Into Functional Food Ingredients via Synergistic Microbial Engineering and Artificial Intelligence.

The escalating generation of global vegetable waste represents a critical loss of bioactive resources, necessitating a paradigm shift from passive disposal to active nutrient upcycling. However, the industrial conversion of this heterogeneous biomass into standardized functional food ingredients is currently impeded by significant techno-economic barriers, primarily structural recalcitrance, compositional inconsistency, and the presence of toxic fermentation inhibitors. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the synergistic application of microbial engineering and artificial intelligence (AI) to resolve these bioprocessing bottlenecks within a food-to-food closed-loop framework (as shown in the graphical abstract). We evaluate recent advances in engineering food-grade microbial chassis (e.g., Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli) to enhance lignocellulose degradation and stress tolerance. Concurrently, we examine the integration of AI across the entire value chain, covering deep learning-based rational enzyme design, genome-scale metabolic modeling, and intelligent process control for precision fermentation. Current evidence demonstrates that the hardware-software coupling of engineered strains and AI algorithms significantly enhances conversion efficiency and process robustness. Key findings highlight that AI-driven Design-Build-Test-Learn cycles facilitate the de novo creation of enzymes with superior kinetics and strains with adaptive stress response capabilities against toxins. Moreover, dynamic digital twin models effectively mitigate the impact of substrate variability, ensuring the batch-to-batch consistency required for food applications. We conclude that this data-driven synergistic paradigm is pivotal for establishing a resilient circular bioeconomy, enabling the reliable bioconversion of waste into high-value single-cell proteins, natural flavor additives, and sustainable packaging materials.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed2002

An expanded role for microbial physiology in metabolic engineering and functional genomics: moving towards systems biology.

Microbial physiology has traditionally played a very important role in both fundamental research and in industrial applications of microorganisms. The classical approach in microbial physiology has been to analyze the role of individual components (genes or proteins) in the overall cell function. With the progress in molecular biology it has become possible to optimize industrial fermentations through introduction of directed genetic modification - an approach referred to as metabolic engineering. Furthermore, as a consequence of large sequencing programs the complete genomic sequence has become available for an increasing number of microorganisms. This has resulted in substantial research efforts in assigning function to all identified open reading frames - referred to as functional genomics. In both metabolic engineering and functional genomics there is a trend towards application of a macroscopic view on cell function, and this leads to an expanded role of the classical approach applied in microbial physiology. With the increased understanding of the molecular mechanisms it is envisaged that in the future it will be possible to describe the interaction between all the components in the system (the cell), also at the quantitative level, and this is the goal of systems biology. Clearly this will have a significant impact on microbial physiology as well as on metabolic engineering.

Aspergillus↗
PubMed2002

Tissue engineering and reparative medicine.

Reparative medicine is a critical frontier in biomedical and clinical research. The National Institutes of Health Bioengineering Consortium (BECON) convened a symposium titled "Reparative Medicine: Growing Tissues and Organs," which was held on June 25 and 26, 2001 in Bethesda, Maryland. The relevant realms of cells, molecular signaling, extracellular matrix, engineering design principles, vascular assembly, bioreactors, storage and translation, and host remodeling and the immune response that are essential to tissue engineering were discussed. This overview of the scientific program summarizes the plenary talks, extended poster presentations and breakout session reports with an emphasis on scientific and technical hurdles that must be overcome to achieve the promise of restoring, replacing, or enhancing tissue and organ function that tissue engineering offers.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

The engineering of gene regulatory networks.

The rapid accumulation of genetic information and advancement of experimental techniques have opened a new frontier in biomedical engineering. With the availability of well-characterized components from natural gene networks, the stage has been set for the engineering of artificial gene regulatory networks with sophisticated computational and functional capabilities. In these efforts, the ability to construct, analyze, and interpret qualitative and quantitative models is becoming increasingly important. In this review, we consider the current state of gene network engineering from a combined experimental and modeling perspective. We discuss how networks with increased complexity are being constructed from simple modular components and how quantitative deterministic and stochastic modeling of these modules may provide the foundation for accurate in silico representations of gene regulatory network function in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

The Christopher Hinton Lecture 1990. Medical engineering--the multi-disciplinary challenge.

This lecture highlights the multi-disciplinary nature of medical engineering. The author reviews various aspects in the field including artificial heart valves and total replacement synovial joints. He also considers the development of education and training and he explores the relationship between medical engineering and The Fellowship of Engineering. The author concludes that there is an immense amount of interest in the subject although more funding is needed for future development.

Biocompatible Materials↗
PubMedDate not supplied

1997 survey of salaries & responsibilities for hospital biomedical clinical engineering & technology personnel.

The Journal of Clinical Engineering conducted its twelfth annual survey of the salaries paid to biomedical/clinical engineering and technology personnel in U.S. hospitals. This paper reports the salary and work responsibility data obtained from 276 professionals in relationship to: region of the U.S.; teaching versus nonteaching facilities; years of experience; education; certification; union membership; and gender. Data are included on wage increases and job responsibilities as of 12/31/96, and are compared with data as of 12/31/95. The average BMET I has 2.9 years of experience and earns $26,126 +/- $5,800 (nationwide mean +/- standard deviation). The average BMET II has 8.29 years of experience and ears $34,687 +/- $6,300. The average BMET III has 12.7 years of experience and earns $40,960 +/- $6,900. The average BMET Specialist has 16.7 years of experience and earns $46,131 +/- $9,100. The average BMET Supervisor has 15.0 years of experience and ears $44,248 +/- 47,700. The average Clinical Engineer has 13.6 years of experience and earns $44,839 +/- $10,000. CE Supervisors have an average of 21.6 years of experience and an average salary of $59,789 +/- $13,100. The overall group or department Director or Manager has 17.5 years of experience and earns $55,325 +/- $16,200 on average.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Equipment management risk rating system based on engineering endpoints.

The equipment management risk ratings system outlined here offers two significant departures from current practice: risk classifications are based on intrinsic device risks, and the risk rating system is based on engineering endpoints. Intrinsic device risks are categorized as physical, clinical and technical, and these flow from the incoming equipment assessment process. Engineering risk management is based on verification of engineering endpoints such as clinical measurements or energy delivery. This practice eliminates the ambiguity associated with ranking risk in terms of physiologic and higher-level outcome endpoints such as no significant hazards, low significance, injury, or mortality.

Biomedical Engineering↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Engineering in medicine.

The Canadian Medical and Biological Engineering Society has produced an outline of activities to clarify categories of engineering in medical care. The outline is intended to provide health care personnel with a better understanding of the role of rapidly growing disciplines. CLINICAL ENGINEERING believes these description to be of great value and is reprinting them with permission. It appears to us that the three areas designate a beginning, broad field (BME), much like biology is to medicine, followed by a clinical unit (CE), much like medicine itself, and finally a subspecialty (rehabilitation or physical therapy, for example).

Biomedical Engineering↗
PubMed2001

Age dependence of cellular properties of human septal cartilage: implications for tissue engineering.

BACKGROUND: The persistent need for cartilage replacement material in head and neck surgery has led to novel cell culture methods developed to engineer cartilage. Currently, there is no consensus on an optimal source of cells for these endeavors. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate human nasal cartilage as a potential source of chondrocytes and to determine the effect of donor age on cellular and proliferation characteristics. SUBJECTS: Nasal cartilage specimens were obtained after reconstructive surgery from 46 patients ranging in age from 15 to 60 years. METHODS: Specimens were weighed and chondrocytes were isolated by digestion in 0.2% collagenase type II for 16 hours. Cells were maintained in primary cultures until confluency, then seeded onto polylactic acid-polyglycolic acid scaffolds. Seeding efficiency was determined by quantification of DNA content of seeded constructs by means of Hoechst dye 33258. Specimen weights, cell yields, cell content, and doubling time were also measured and correlated to donor age. RESULTS: Mean (+/-SD) cartilage mass obtained (648 +/- 229 mg) is higher than from typical biopsy specimens of auricular cartilage, and the cellular characteristics show a higher proliferation rate than auricular chondrocytes. Cell yield increased with age, while doubling time decreased with age in samples from patients ranging from 15 to 60 years old. CONCLUSIONS: The use of nasal septal cartilage as a source of cells for tissue engineering may be valid over a wide range of patient ages. The large tissue yield and consequent cell yield make this tissue a potential starting source of chondrocytes for large-volume tissue-engineered implants.

Adolescent↗