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Pediatric-endodontics is an expanding part of pediatric dental practice. Emphasis is centered on the retention of primary teeth until the normal exfoliation time utilizing indirect pulp therapy, pulpotomy, pulpectomy and root canal fillings. The preservation of vitality in young permanent teeth via pulp capping and pulpotomy is paramount until root formation is completed. When pulpless, these young teeth may be salvaged by apexification procedures.
The results of a method of evaluation of the teaching of a endodontic technique applied on 96 students were studied. It was analyzed the training before, during and after tre teach of the technique was finished. Teachers and students took part in the observation of the results.
Endodontic treatment is an important part in operative dentistry. While quantity of treatment increases, the quality should not be neglected. Means to improve the individual success rate are shown in the article. The simplification of the armamentarium and systematics of procedures are of utmost importance. As the basic technique the hand instrumentation is described.
The present study, second of three dwelling with ultrasonic in endodontic therapy, is a review of the literature about clinical applications of some of the sonic and ultrasonic system.
The aim of the study was to show how paraformaldehyde contained in a preparation normally used in endodontic therapy spreads through the root tissues. The results reveal that paraformaldehyde has the same particular tendency as formaldehyde to spread in the periapex, maximum levels are reached after 48 hours and tend to decrease after 72 and 96 hours.
The endodontic endosseous implants were used to a lot of clinic indication. The Authors suggest their use in the median fractures of roots and describe the operative technic, of which they consider the long-term results.
Computer-Based Instruction (CBI) has been gaining increasing popularity in the health professions and especially in dental education, but its development is seldom problem-free. This paper describes a longitudinal study of endodontic simulations for senior dental students which employ latent image, computer-assisted video interactive (CAVI), and computer text instruction (CTI). Particular attention is devoted to developmental problems, use of time and manpower, and student performance on and reaction to the pilot test. Preliminary results of the pilot testing demonstrate favorable student performance on the computer-based mode, as well as an enthusiastic acceptance of this format. Future directions and goals of the study are included.
The anatomical structures of the teeth in dogs and cats, the occurrence and therapy of caries, tooth fractures and the different methods of endodontical therapy in fractured or inflamed teeth, like vital and mortal amputation (pulpotomy) and vital/mortal extirpation are shown. The principles of silver amalgam and "plastic" = composite resin material fillings are explained. Further informations on recommendable instruments, materials and equipment are added.
This study was undertaken to evaluate two methods of instruction, the traditional lecture and the slide-tape method, both used with learning material developed for a course in endodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Student performance, the amount of time required to complete the work, and the attitude of the students toward the differing methods of instruction were studied. The student sample, consisting of 108 members of the freshman class at the University of Southern California, was divided into two groups; the lecture group received a traditional two-hour lecture, and the slide-tape group had access to two slide-tapes on the same material. Both groups received a pretest and a posttest, and the students evaluated the teaching material. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences in quality of performance, but the lecture group spent more time learning the material, and students in the slide-tape group of instruction had a more favorable opinion of both the instructor (the voice) and the course material.
The Authors, after having underlined the importance of the endodontic discipline, that allows to obtain a reliable rehabilitation, illustrate the Schilder technique, used by them at the Odontoiatric Clinic, University of Brescia. The AA. take into consideration and face the problem of the reintervention on channels already treated, as well as the periapical infections complication. They conclude saying that endodoncy is an extremely difficult discipline, because it implies a lot of experience, practical ability and a constant application.
Models which simulate oral conditions pertaining to endodontic surgical procedures are most suitable if they contain natural teeth and have hard and soft tissues which handle realistically. In addition, the model should possess radiological characteristics similar to bone. A simple custom-built model which fulfils these requirements is described.
With the use of magnetic resonance microscopy (MRM) the options and limitations of this modern technique in reproducing teeth and endodontium should be evaluated. Therefore, extracted teeth were stored in formaline and measured in two different devices of the magnetic resonance technique. One is common for material research and normally used for spectroscopy of solids. Measuring takes place in the strayfield of the magnet which leads to the term "Stray Field Imaging" (STRAFI). The other one is a spectroscopy with an additional micro-imaging device (magnetic resonance microscope) where resolutions up to (100 microns)3 can be reached. For the first time the STRAFI allowed to make pictures from the hydrogen-protons of the teeth's hard substances. A two or three dimensional imaging on the basis of microscopic resolution became reality. In addition the MRM allowed to depict the soft tissue portion and the outer contour of the teeth in 2D and 3D. The two-dimensional pictures were able to show a texture within the pulp tissue. The three-dimensional images enabled a naturalistic and non-destructive visualization of the outer surface and the pulp room. The results shown here open very new perspectives for endodontics.
The aim of the study was to assess the cleansing-effect of two endodontic handpieces (Excalibur, W & H; MM 1400 Micro Méga) in root canals that were previously manually prepared, and treated with chlor-(Neomagnol) and citric acid containing solutions. The analyses were performed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The elimination of the Smear Layer (SL) with Neomagnol was not successful with either of the two handpieces. The cleansing of the Superficial Debris (SD) with Neomagnol activated by MM 1400 was significantly more effective in the apical (p < 0.05) and in the middle (p < 0.01) third of the root-canal, than by Excalibur. In contrast, SL was better eliminated by Excalibur using citric acid, significant differences--when compared with MM 1400--could be seen in the middle third (p < 0.05) of the root-canal. The handpieces seem to have their own specific characteristics: thus MM 1400 was better in eliminating the SD (used with Neomagnol), while Excalibur was superior in eliminating the SL (used with citric acid).
Endodontic diagnosis and treatment can range from simple to extremely complex. But no matter how simple a case may seem, a thorough examination by the treating endodontist is imperative before any treatment is done. Taking the time to perform an examination in a consistent and methodical approach can rescue the patient from unnecessary treatment, and the treating dentist from potential liability. The patient may be frustrated from repeating many of the same tests performed by the referring dentist, but this situation can be resolved with clear communication from the general dentist and the endodontist as to the benefits of the endodontist's exam. With proper communication, patients will recognize that their general dentist and endodontist are concerned that they receive the best of care.
Response of teeth that had received therapeutic doses of Cobalt-60 radiation to endodontic therapy were investigated in three monkeys. The results indicated no appreciable effect of the irradiation on the response to root canal treatment aside from reduction in osteoblastic activity.
DNA restriction patterns and corresponding ribotypes of 26 bacterial isolates (Propionibacterium acnes, Peptostreptococcus prevotii, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, Actinomyces israelii, Streptococcus intermedius, and Streptococcus sanguis) recovered from patients with infected root canals and their peripheral blood, collected during and after endodontic therapy, were examined. Eleven additional reference strains including type strains were also examined. Purified DNA was digested with BglI,EcoRI, and HindIII. Hybridization was carried out with a digoxigenin-labeled cDNA probe obtained by reverse transcription of Escherichia coli 16S + 23S rRNA. Ribotypes of the bacteria recovered from root canal and blood showed identical characteristics within the patients, and differed between the patients. The results were confirmed when the similarity coefficient (S(AB)) of the ribotypes from the isolates were assessed by the Dendron computer-assisted system. These results suggested that the bacteria isolated from the blood originated from the root canal.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the sealing ability in orthogradely filled, apicoectomised and retrogradely filled maxillary premolars with two canals and two separate apical foramina. The root canals of 51 extracted maxillary premolars of type IV were uniformly shaped and filled by means of lateral condensation and subsequently randomly divided into three groups of 17 teeth each. The teeth of groups II and III received an apicoectomy. In group III an additional retrograde seal (Ketac Fil) was applied. Group I served as control. All specimens were immersed in a methylene blue solution for 24 h. The teeth were cross-sectioned and the maximal dye-penetration was measured. The significantly least dye-penetration was observed in group II (apicoectomy only), followed by group I and group III. The differences among all groups were statistically significant (p<0.05). Most of the retrograde restorations in group III revealed circular colouration around the retrograde fillings extending to the gutta percha. Although the teeth of group II revealed the least dye-penetration, an apicoectomy cannot be favoured against an endodontic retreatment in maxillary premolars of type IV. The application of retrograde fillings using Ketac Fil must be considered critically.
Bacteria in infected root canals of teeth evincing chronic apical periodontitis lesions were identified by a polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) approach. DNA was extracted from root canal samples, and part of the 16S rRNA gene of all bacteria was amplified by PCR and separated by DGGE, generating banding patterns representative of the community structure. Twenty visible bands were cut out of the gel, re-amplified, and sequenced to provide identification. Sequencing analysis revealed the presence of both cultivable and as-yet-uncultivated species in the samples analyzed, including representatives of the genera Fusobacterium, Bacteroides, Dialister, Synergistes, Prevotella, Eubacterium and Peptostreptococcus. Unambiguous identification was not always possible and the method's limitations are discussed. In general, the findings showed that PCR-DGGE can be useful for the identification of both cultivable and as-yet-uncultivated bacteria in endodontic infections.