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At least 1,153 records · Page 64Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Complementing random-digit-dial telephone surveys with other approaches to collecting sensitive data.

Surveys of sensitive topics, such as the Injury Control and Risk Surveys (ICARIS) or the Behavioral Risk Factors Surveillance System (BRFSS), are often conducted by telephone using random-digit-dial (RDD) sampling methods. Although this method of data collection is relatively quick and inexpensive, it suffers from growing coverage problems and falling response rates. In this paper, several alternative methods of data collection are reviewed, including audio computer-assisted interviews as part of personal visit surveys, mail surveys, web surveys, and interactive voice response surveys. Their strengths and weaknesses are presented regarding coverage, nonresponse, and measurement issues, and compared with RDD telephone surveys. The feasibility of several mixed mode designs is discussed; none of them stands out as clearly the right choice for surveys on sensitive issues, which implies increased need for methodologic research.

Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System↗
PubMed1993

Using orthogonal polynomial scores in summarizing and evaluating longitudinal data collected in phase I and II clinical pharmacology studies.

Orthogonal polynomial scores (OPS) is a simple, biologically meaningful approach to characterize longitudinal data in phase I and II clinical pharmacology trials. It describes average, linear, quadratic and higher order polynomial characteristics of each subject's response over time with use of composite scores computed from linear combinations of the observed data. The statistical evaluation of the composite scores is univariate. For studies with a small number of experimental units and with many repeated measures, OPS may offer advantages over the use of summary measures such as the maximum response (MAX), the time at which MAX occurred (TMAX), or the area under the response curve (AUC), and other popular approaches such as time-point-by-time-point, split-plot, and multivariate analyses.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Human safety data collection and evaluation for the approval of new animal drugs.

Before a new drug is approved for use in food-producing animals, data are required which demonstrate that food derived from the animal does not contain unsafe residues. Also, an analytical method for residues must be provided which is practicable for government surveillance and enforcement activities. Residue information is derived by using radiolabeled drugs to study metabolism in the animal for which the drug is intended. Residues in the edible tissues are characterized, and the amount of residues and their rates of depletion from the different tissues after cessation of drug treatment are determined. Bioassays with laboratory animals are used to study the toxicity of the drug and its important metabolites and to establish tolerance limitations. From this information, the conditions for the analytical method are established--that is, the compound(s) measured (the marker), the tissue (target tissue) monitored to ensure control of "total residue", and the required sensitivity. The method is subjected to validation in government laboratories and must meet the Food and Drug Administration's standards of precision, accuracy, specificity, and practicability. Finally, the method is used in simulated field trials to establish the required withdrawal time after drug treatment before the animals can be marketed for their milk or for slaughter for food.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed2026

A workshop considering genetic research and data collection with American Indian and Alaska Native people outside of Tribal jurisdiction.

INTRODUCTION: In the United States (US), Tribes are sovereign nations and have the right to oversee research conducted with Tribal citizens. However, it is unclear who should approve research protocols when data from American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) people are collected off Tribal lands. As genetic research continues to advance and transform the delivery of healthcare, equitable inclusion of AIAN people is necessary, but oversight of research needs clarity. METHODS: We held a 3-day workshop with US thought leaders on genetic and other health research with AIAN people in urban areas to explore views and values on this issue and to discuss potential policy and practice solutions. RESULTS: Thirty-six individuals attended. Solidarity surfaced as a foundational motivation for Tribal Nations to review research conducted with AIAN people, whether on Tribal lands or not. Understanding data from Indigenous perspectives was identified as a way to ensure appropriate AIAN community protections are in place. Three discrete areas to improve policy were suggested-Tribal, Academic Institution, and National-to protect AIAN people participating in research both on and off Tribal lands. DISCUSSION: Researchers, whether Indigenous or not, must recognize Tribal sovereignty and operate in solidarity with the applicable and most appropriate ethical principles and regulations.

Alaska Native↗
PubMed1978

[1st experiences with a cytological data collection system based of EDP].

On the basis of the experience which was gained with the use of EDP in the documentation of patient data a compatible system for request, processing and documentation for cytological examinations was developed. It was introduced into routine work in July 1976. Since then there as been an increase in the efficiency of the cytological examinations by abolishing manual recording. Further on, this has lead to better possibilities for scientific evaluation. The system is user-oriented as far as the request for examinations and the establishment of diagnoses are concerned by automatically produced reports. The application of this project by others is possible.

Cytodiagnosis↗
PubMed1980

Hospital library resources in Massachusetts: data collection and analysis.

Hospitals in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts were surveyed to establish some ranges and baseline statistics for hospital medical information resources. The data were evaluated in terms of theoretical compliance with the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals standards as well as the more specific proposed appendices to the Canadian Standards for Hospital Libraries. The study quantifies hospital library resources and services in a state with a substantial number of acute care facilities. Of the study universe, 67.6% were judged as meeting either the revised JCAH or the Canadian criteria. The central finding is that the 100- to 299-bed institutions reflect a significant number of deficiencies when evaluated against either quantitative or nonquantitative standards. Further areas of study are suggested.

Hospital Bed Capacity↗
PubMed1988

Typology of mood assessment curves by means of cluster analysis of computerized mathematical descriptions of time-series mood data collected from depressive inpatients treated with antidepressants.

A recently developed method for the computerized description of mood curves was applied to self-evaluation mood data of a large sample of 136 depressive inpatients. The values of the mathematical parameters from this description were analysed by cluster analysis to determine different types of mood courses of patients undergoing therapy with antidepressants. In general, the most unfavorable type of mood course was overrepresented in the group of neurotic depressive patients, the most favorable one in the group of endogenous depressive patients. But in this latter diagnostic group, a remarkable proportion of patients with the unfavorable mood course was observed, indicating the well-known phenomenon of non-response to antidepressants. The results can be interpreted as a validation of the new method of computerized description of mood curves. This method might lead to interesting possibilities in drug treatment evaluation.

Antidepressive Agents↗
PubMed1982

Data collection, computation and statistical analysis in psychophysiological experiments.

The system was designed to allow simultaneous monitoring of eight bioelectrical signals together with the necessary event markers. The data inputs are pulse code modulated, recorded on magnetic tape, and then read into a minicomputer. The computer permits the determination of parameters for the following signals: electrocardiogram (ECG), respiration (RESP), skin conductance changes (SCC), electromyogram (EMG), plethysmogram (PLET), pulse transmission time (PTT), and electroencephalogram (EEG). These parameters are determined for time blocks of selectable duration and read into a mainframe computer for further statistical analysis.

Electrophysiology↗