Fluid balance in congestive cardiac failure; two mechanisms in diuresis.
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Intracerebroventricular (IVT) administration of adrenomedullin (AM) to conscious male hydrated rats increases urinary volume and sodium excretion. The possible involvement of brain dopamine (DA) system on the renal action of IVT-AM was investigated. AM-induced diuretic and natriuretic action was prevented following selective central dopaminergic denervation with 6-hydroxydopamine (6OHDA) in combination with desmethylimipramine (DMI). Selective D(2) DA receptor antagonism with haloperidol, sulpiride, and remoxipride; or with the D(1) DA receptor antagonist, SCH 23390, blunted the increase in urinary volume and sodium excretion induced by IVT-AM. The present results suggest that AM acts centrally, at least in part, via an interaction with endogenous DA through the activation of both DA D(1)/D(2) receptor subtype.
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The homoxenous flagellate Blastocrithidia triatomae disturbs excretion in Triatoma infestans. During the first 4 and 24 h after feeding, infected 5th instars excreted approximately a 2.5-fold smaller volume of urine. Consequently, about double the normal volume of haemolymph could be obtained from these infected bugs 24 h after feeding. Surprisingly, the in vitro secretion rates of Malpighian tubules from uninfected and infected bugs were nearly identical. In addition, the storage and release of diuretic hormone in infected bugs was sufficient to induce normal secretion rates by isolated Malpighian tubules. Therefore, the previously observed ultrastructural alterations in the upper Malpighian tubules of infected bugs do not result in a disturbed in vitro secretion, although in vivo excretion is reduced.
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