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At least 1,153 records · Page 64Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Self-mutilation, obsessionality and narcissism.

A controlled study of the clinical and biographical features of 22 female repeated self-cutters is described. The results of the assessment of these patients, using the Middlesex Hospital Questionnaire and the Obsessive-Compulsive section of the Tavistock Inventory, is presented. The marked obsessionality of these patients is emphasized and the possible implications of these findings for treatment is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Stereotactic limbic leucotomy--a follow-up at 16 months.

Sixty-six patients were assessed clinically, psychologically and physiologically before operation, at six weeks and at a mean of 16 months following stereotactic limbic leucotomy. Seventy-three per cent were clinically improved at six weeks and 76 per cent at 16 months. In obsessional neurosis, 89 per cent of patients showed definite clinical improvement at 16 months; in chronic anxiety, 66 per cent were improved; in depression, 78 per cent; and in the small number of schizophrenics treated the improvement rate was over 80 per cent. Self-assessment and observer-assessment questionaires and scales measuring Depression, Anxiety, Neuroticism, Hysterical symptoms and Obsessional symptoms and traits all showed highly significant reductions of mean scores at 16 months. There was no fall-off in intelligence, and adverse effects were minimal. Limbic leucotomy, with its enhanced accuracy and safety, compares very favourably with similarly assessed, more extensive 'free-hand' procedures, and in obsessional neurosis and chronic anxiety the results are superior.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

First rank symptoms of schizophrenia: questions concerning clinical boundaries.

The phenomenological criteria of prominent Anglo-American researchers on certain so-called passivity experiences, sense deceptions and delusional phenomena, reflecting their interpretations of Kurt Schneider's first rank symptoms of schizophrenia, are examined. In this way the frequent discrepancies and difficulties in deliminiting the clinical boundaries of these phenomena more clearly come to light.

Delusions↗
PubMed1994

Autoscopic phenomena.

BACKGROUND: Autoscopy is defined here as a visual experience where the subject sees an image of him/herself in external space, viewed from within his/her own physical body. This paper reviews the literature both historically and conceptually, and includes a quantitative study of accumulated cases. METHOD: Cases published since 1935 and meeting the above definition for autoscopy (n = 53) were included, together with three personally-observed patients. A clinical protocol was completed for each case, including information about the autoscopic image. Cases were compared using non-parametric statistics on dichotomised variables. RESULTS: There were 38 men and 18 women, with a mean age of 39.5 years (range 13-78). Of the subjects, 33 (59%) had a neurological illness, most frequently epilepsy (18 cases). Right and left sided lesions were equally represented. Psychiatric disorder was often present (33 cases, 59%), most commonly delirium, depression or psychosis. The features of the images seen were diverse, but speaking images were associated with younger age, male sex, psychotic illness, longer duration of image, and hypnagogic/hypnopompic experiences. CONCLUSIONS: Autoscopy may arise from a convergence of several variables, including gender, personality factors, neurological and/or psychiatric disease, exhaustion and dissociation, whose interaction may override the normal inhibition of temporal lobe activity. A cognitive neuropsychological hypothesis is proposed, together with avenues for future research.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

A longitudinal analysis of burnout in the health care setting: the role of personal dispositions.

Burnout is frequently interpreted as a situationally induced stress reaction. However, the long-term stability of burnout scores and their correlations with subjective well-being measures suggest that burnout may also reflect enduring qualities of the individual. To assess the contribution of personality to the experience of burnout, an exploratory longitudinal study was done. At Time 1, 36 occupational therapists (32 women, 4 men) from two hospitals completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI; Maslach, 1982) and the NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI; Costa & McCrae, 1985; a measure of the five-factor model of personality). At Time 2, the MBI was again given along with the Work Environment Scale (Moos, 1981) to 29 of the original therapists. Moderately strong correlations were found between burnout scores and measures of the five factors both concurrently and longitudinally. Even when situational variables were controlled, personality continued to account for a significant portion of the variance in burnout scores. The implications of these findings are discussed.

Adult↗