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At least 1,153 records · Page 64Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Finite element analysis of interface geometry effects on the crestal bone surrounding a dental implant.

Using a two-dimensional axisymmetric finite element analysis technique, different geometrical configurations of implants, abutments, and interfaces have been investigated to alter the stress distribution in the crestal bone region. The crestal bone region is of particular interest due to observations of progressive bone resorption (saucerization). The ability of a prosthetic restoration-implant construct to transfer an appropriate stress at this region will, by definition of Wolff's law (bone's response to strain) and principles of bone remodeling, help to maintain the integrity of the surrounding bone via force transfer. The two geometries investigated involved a traditional flat mating surface and a slanted (oblique) mating surface. In both models a vertical load of 400 N (63 N/rad across 2 pi radians) was applied to the abutment apex. In the crestal bone region the oblique mating surface increased the transfer of horizontal stress 67 percent over the traditional flat mating surface design. The magnitude of stress transferred and the area which it was transferred across was increased in this region. Results indicate potentially more favorable mechanical conditions for bone maintenance surrounding an endosseous dental implant may be achieved if force is transferred preferentially via circumferential grooves and an oblique (dished) implant-abutment mating surface. These theoretical results are consistent with basic principles of stress transfer, stress shielding, and remodeling as well as clinical observations of bone maintenance and resorption.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗
PubMed2006

Effect of a thin HA coating on the stress/strain distribution in bone around dental implants using three-dimensional finite element analysis.

Three-dimensional finite element analysis was performed for thin hydroxyapatite (HA) coated and titanium dental implants to study the effects on stress/strain distribution in the mandible with application of axial and oblique loads. The implants were of screw and cylinder types. With an axial load, the maximum equivalent bone stresses in the titanium implants were 21.5 and 29.0 MPa for the cylinder and screw types respectively, and the stress and strain distributions differed. For the cylinder type, the highest stress was located at the implant base, and for the screw type, it was located at the top edge of the first thread within the cortical bone. For the HA-coated cylinder and screw implants, the maximum equivalent bone stresses were 7.1 and 7.2 MPa respectively. The stress and strain distributions were similar, and the highest stress was located on the upper side of the cortical bone around the implant neck for both implants. Of the implants examined, the screw type HA-coated implant had the most uniform stress distribution in bone.

Anisotropy↗
PubMed2002

Long-term clinical effectiveness of oral implants in the treatment of partial edentulism. Seven-year life table analysis of a prospective study with ITI dental implants system used for single-tooth restorations.

One hundred and eight-seven ITI implants were prospectively followed from November 1992 to July 2000, in order to evaluate the clinical efficiency and the long-term prognosis in 109 partially edentulous patients (69 women and 40 men; average age 41.3 years). Of these 187 implants, 69.5% were placed in the mandible and 30.5% in the maxilla. After a healing period that ranged from three to six months, the osseointegrated implants (n = 184) were restored with single crowns. Three implants were extracted prior to loading the fixture and were considered early failures. Each implant was reassessed on a yearly basis, both clinically and radiographically. The results of the investigation, which were evaluated according to predefined success criteria, were reviewed in accordance with a life table method. During the follow-up, six cases were deemed to be late failures. In each of these cases, a suppurative infection of the peri-implant tissue was diagnosed: in one implant, the infection could not be eradicated and the implant was removed. When 11 drop-outs were included in the analysis, the cumulative survival and success rates for the whole sample group were 96.77% and 93.6%, respectively. When only prosthetically loaded implants were considered, the results increased to 99.35% for the cumulative survival rate and 96.18% for the cumulative success rate. The analysis on disaggregated data showed better results for maxillary restorations (survival rate 100%) in comparison to mandible restorations (survival rate 95.11%). It was concluded that, under standard anatomic conditions (bone site height > 8 mm, thickness > 6 mm), prosthetic restoration of partially edentulous patients with the ITI system can be described as a reliable and efficient therapy in the long term.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Anterior single-tooth dental implant restorations: now is the perfect time to recall significant contributions.

Significant contributions by clinicians, researchers, and manufacturers have brought us to a previously almost unimaginable point in time, where it is possible to place and restore a single dental implant in the esthetic zone with a success rate above 96% and with the probability that it will look very much like a natural tooth. In addition, in select cases it is possible to do the extraction, implant placement, and provisional restoration on the same day. There is very little trauma at the implant site, which results in greater comfort for the patient and ultimately greater tissue preservation long-term. We have now observed single-tooth anterior implant cases for 15 years and have every belief that these implants will continue to function in health for many years. So what is next? We will have to wait and see, but it is this clinician's hope that the next 15 years will bring us more of these cooperative efforts that have so dramatically improved our patients' lives.

Crowns↗
PubMed2004

Oestrogen replacement therapy promotes bone healing around dental implants in osteoporotic rats.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of oestrogen replacement therapy on bone healing around titanium implants in osteoporotic rats. Sixty 32-week-old female SD rats were used in this study. Ovariectomies were performed in 40 rats, and other 20 rats had sham operation. Eighty-four days after surgery, osteoporotic changes in proximal tibiae were seen in four ovariectomized rats when compared with two sham-operated rats. Then pure titanium implants were placed in the bilateral proximal metaphyses of the tibiae of the remaining animals. Oestrogen replacement therapy was administrated in 18 ovariectomized rats after implantation. Nine rats from each group (ovariectomized, oestrogen-treated and sham-operated) were killed at 28 and 84 days after implantation surgery respectively, and the tibiae specimens were harvested and examined. Both at 28 and 84 days after implantation surgery, most bone histomorphometric indices in the oestrogen-treated group were significantly increased compared with those in the ovariectomized group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Although the oestrogen-treated group showed lower trabecular bone volume at 28 days after implant surgery and lower mineralization rate at both the two time points than the sham-operated group, there were no significant differences in other bone histomorphometric indices between the oestrogen-treated group and the sham-operated group both at 24 and 84 days after implantation. The results of this study suggest that oestrogen replacement therapy may promote bone healing around titanium implants under osteoporotic state, and therefore it seemed to be beneficial to long-term success of dental implants in clinical postmenopausal patients.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Single crystal alumina for dental implants and bone screws.

When ground to a suitable form, flexural strength of single crystal alumina (Al2O3) decreases to as low as one third the strength of the intact crystal. This flexural strength decrease is, however, recovered by chemical etching at a high temperature to eliminate surface defects caused by grinding. By using this strength recovery treatment, various types of single crystal implants with fine structure were able to be designed. Four kinds of single crystal bone screws and single crystal dental implants of screw and anchor type were designed. Flexural strength and impact strength of the implants were measured.

Aluminum↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The importance of dental implants.

Implant dentistry has evolved into the mainstream of restorative practices all over the world. Maintenance of bone after tooth loss to improve or maintain facial esthetics and improved retention, function, and performance of removable restorations are only some of the advantages for the edentulous patient. No longer are implants considered only when traditional restorations cannot be fabricated. Evidence-based reports indicate implant restorations last longer than those on teeth and the abutment teeth are at less risk of loss or complication.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Osseo-integration of dental implants in radiated mandibles: an experimental study with beagle dogs.

This investigation was planned to detect the ability of radiated bone to integrate with dental implants and to study the load-bearing capacity of these implants. In five beagle dogs, the premolars were extracted, after which one side of the mandible was radiated with 40 Gy. Three months later, two hollow-cylinder implants were placed on each side of the mandible. After a three-month period of osseo-integration, bridges were constructed on the implants, and they were loaded for six months. Both clinical and x-ray examinations showed that all implants had integrated well and bore load without change in their host sites for a six-month period, at which time the dogs were killed.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Immediate loading of dental implants in the edentulous mandible.

BACKGROUND: The authors review the literature regarding immediate implant loading in the anterior edentulous mandible, demonstrate the technique they currently use, review preliminary results and present an illustrative case. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors conducted a literature search using PUBMED and Ovid databases. They considered for review 31 articles in English from 1969 to 2003 that pertained to immediate loading of the anterior mandible. The authors developed a technique to provide a bar-supported prosthesis on the day of surgery. They treated five patients and followed them up for at least six months. The preliminary results are presented. RESULTS: This literature review demonstrated that immediate loading of anterior mandibular implants is an acceptable method, with predictable results. This case series demonstrates the potential for delivering a final bar on the day of surgery, based on the current evidence and clinical application. CONCLUSIONS AND PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: The method described provides patients with immediate prosthetic restorations and a decreased treatment time compared with that for the traditional two-stage implant approach.

Dental Implantation, Endosseous↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparative analysis study of 702 dental implants subjected to immediate functional loading and immediate nonfunctional loading to traditional healing periods with a follow-up of up to 24 months.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to clinically evaluate immediate functionally loaded (IFL) and immediate nonfunctionally loaded (INFL) implants for various indications compared to a control group with a conventional healing period. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred fifty-three patients took part in the study. A total of 702 XiVE implants (Dentsply/Friadent, Mannheim, Germany) were placed: 253 IFL implants, 135 INFL implants, and 314 controls. RESULTS: In each of the 3 groups, 2 implants failed. For all the other implants involved, from a clinical and radiographic point of view, osseointegration was successful. DISCUSSION: As long as the prerequisites are fulfilled, immediate functional loading and immediate nonfunctional loading are predictable techniques, not only in completely edentulous patients but also in partially edentulous patients. CONCLUSION: Immediate functional loading and immediate nonfunctional loading appear to be techniques that can provide satisfactory implant success rates in selected cases.

Adult↗