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Results for “Cumulative Trauma Disorders”

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At least 1,153 records · Page 64Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Shin splints. Diagnosis, management, prevention.

Our knowledge of the etiology of shin splints is incomplete. Biomechanical abnormalities are likely to be major factors in predisposing certain persons to such injury. Also, training errors are major etiologic factors. Because shin splints result from mechanical overload of various elements of the musculoskeletal system of the leg that exceed their adaptive remodeling capacity, rest and recovery should be emphasized as an important aspect of sports training. Accurate and prompt diagnosis reduces the severity and duration of the injury. Management should consist of measures to reduce inflammation and pain and to identify possible biomechanical factors that may be correctable by strengthening and flexibility exercises or by the use of an orthotic device.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed1988

Carpal tunnel syndrome. A common but treatable cause of wrist pain.

Diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome is based on a thorough patient history, careful physical examination, and provocative testing. Electrophysiologic testing should be completed before treatment is begun. Conservative therapy is appropriate first-line treatment unless the condition is severely advanced or immediate resolution of symptoms is essential. I recommend use of wrist splints, steroid injection, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, and pyridoxine, followed by reexamination in three weeks, or earlier if symptoms progress. For persistent or acute symptoms, surgical treatment may be necessary.

Carpal Bones↗
PubMed1990

Overuse syndrome in musicians. When playing an instrument hurts.

Musicians with overuse syndrome most commonly present with pain, inflammation, and soreness. The patient history and physical examination are the best diagnostic tools. Treatment may involve rest, splinting, and drug intervention. After the pain has subsided, progressive exercises may be appropriate. Prognosis is best with early detection and treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Skiing and snowboarding injuries. When schussing is a pain.

Downhill and cross-country skiing and snowboarding are growing rapidly in popularity. With the ever-increasing number of participants, physicians must be prepared to deal with the injuries specific to these sports. More important, physicians need to use epidemiologic data to advise patients of methods to minimize the risk of injury as they participate in these healthy and vigorous winter sports.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Repetitive strain injuries. How to deal with 'the epidemic of the 1990s'.

Occupational trends, especially the mushrooming of computer use in the United States, have brought with them a virtual epidemic of repetitive strain injury of the upper limb. What can you as a primary care physician do to stem the tide? In this article, the authors fill you in on treatment of the most common injuries as well as remark on the ramifications for business and industry.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Wrist pain in adult athletes.

As more and more adults become physically active, primary care physicians are seeing an increasing number of wrist injuries. Effective treatment is based on (1) accurate diagnosis, (2) maintenance of bone and joint-surface alignment until healing of bone, soft tissue, or both occurs, and (3) institution of an appropriate rehabilitation program. After symptoms have subsided, patients can gradually return to athletic participation. The long-term sequelae of wrist injuries are yet to be determined. If it is assumed that such injury causes a form of joint trauma, then analogies may be drawn to other types of musculoskeletal trauma, in which such factors as joint-surface and bone malalignment can lead to abnormal cartilage wear, predisposing patients to degenerative arthritis. Similarly, untreated ligament injuries may alter joint biomechanics, which can also lead to joint-surface trauma. Further clinical study should clarify the long-term effects of wrist injury.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Back injuries and the fast bowler in cricket.

Here, I review research that has investigated the aetiology of injuries experienced by adolescent and adult fast bowlers. Mechanical factors play an important role in the aetiology of degenerative processes and injuries to the lumbar spine. This is particularly so in fast bowling, where a player must absorb vertical and horizontal components of the ground reaction force that are approximately five and two times body weight at front-foot and rear-foot impact, respectively. Attenuated forces are transmitted to the spine through the lower limb, while additional forces at the lumbo-sacral junction are caused by trunk hyperextension, lateral flexion and twisting during the delivery stride. Fast bowlers are classified as side-on, front-on or mixed. The mixed action is categorized by the lower body configuration of the front-on action and the upper body configuration of the side-on technique. This upper body configuration is produced by counter-rotation away from the batsman in the transverse plane about the longitudinal axis of the body of a line through the two shoulders. Counter-rotations of 12-40 degrees during a delivery stride have predicted an increased incidence of lumbar spondylolysis, disc abnormality and muscle injury in fast bowlers. During the delivery stride, the mixed bowling action also shows: more lateral flexion and hyperextension of the lumbar spine at front-foot impact, and a greater range of motion of the trunk over the delivery stride when compared with the side-on and front-on techniques. The pars interarticularis of each vertebra is vulnerable to injury if repetitive flexion, rotation and hyperextension are present in the activity. Fast bowlers should reduce shoulder counter-rotation during the delivery stride to reduce the incidence of back injuries. When a player is required to bowl for extended periods irrespective of technique, overuse is also related to an increased incidence of back injuries and must be avoided.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Kinematics of cycling in relation to anterior knee pain and patellar tendinitis.

The coronal and sagittal plane leg movements of 24 experienced male cyclists were assessed using video analysis while cycling on a Kingcycle windload simulator. The cyclists were grouped into those with a history of injury and an asymptomatic group on the basis of self-reported injury status. The ages, cycling experience, competition distances and competition speeds of the two groups were compared using Student's t-test. No significant differences (P < 0.05) were found for any of these variables. The maximum and minimum shank adduction, shank adduction velocities, knee flexion and ankle dorsiflexion values were also compared using Student's t-test. Significant differences were found at the point of maximum adduction (1.9 degrees; P = 0.019) and minimum dorsiflexion (4.9 degrees; P = 0.014). These differences indicated more dorsiflexion and greater abduction on the part of the symptomatic cyclists, supporting previous research that found that cyclists with a history of injury differ from those without a history of injury in the coronal plane leg movement patterns they adopt. Also, the most extreme medial position of the knee relative to the ankle occurred during knee extension. This supports the potential injury mechanism proposed by Francis (1986), which had previously only been examined using coronal plane kinematics.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Overtraining: consequences and prevention.

Overtraining refers to prolonged fatigue and reduced performance despite increased training. Its roots include muscle damage, cytokine actions, the acute phase response, improper nutrition, mood disturbances, and diverse consequences of stress hormone responses. The clinical features are varied, non-specific, anecdotal and legion. No single test is diagnostic. The best treatment is prevention, which means (1) balancing training and rest, (2) monitoring mood, fatigue, symptoms and performance, (3) reducing distress and (4) ensuring optimal nutrition, especially total energy and carbohydrate intake.

Affect↗
PubMed1999

The effect of tennis racket string vibration dampers on racket handle vibrations and discomfort following impacts.

In this study, we evaluated the effect of the use of tennis racket string vibration dampers on racket handle vibrations, and perceptions of hand and arm discomfort experienced by tennis players owing to stationary racket impacts. Twenty tennis players (10 males, 10 females) aged 18-29 years volunteered for the study. Two different racket models were impacted at the geometric centre of the racket face and 100 mm distal to the centre both with and without string vibration dampers in place. The participants could neither see nor hear the impacts, and they indicated their discomfort immediately after each impact using a visual analogue scale. An analysis of variance (2 x 2 x 2 factorial) was performed on the scaled discomfort ratings with the factors damping condition, racket type and impact location. No significant differences in discomfort ratings between damped and undamped impacts or between the two racket types were found. Also, central impacts were found to be more comfortable than impacts 100 mm distal to the centre (P< 0.05). There were no significant interaction effects. Vibration traces from an accelerometer mounted on the racket handle revealed that string vibration dampers quickly absorbed high-frequency string vibration without attenuating the lower-frequency frame vibration. In conclusion, we found no evidence to support the contention that string vibration dampers reduce hand and arm impact discomfort.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Cumulative effects of concussion in amateur athletes.

PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: To examine the possibility that athletes with multiple concussions show cumulative effects of injury. METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Amateur athletes with a history of three or more concussions were carefully matched (gender, age, education and sport) with athletes with no prior concussions. All completed a computerized neuropsychological test battery at preseason (ImPACT) and then within 5 days of sustaining a concussion (mean = 1.7 days). MAIN OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: There were differences between groups in symptom reporting and memory performance. At baseline (i.e. preseason), athletes with multiple concussions reported more symptoms than athletes with no history of concussion. At approximately 2 days post-injury, athletes with multiple concussions scored significantly lower on memory testing than athletes with a single concussion. Athletes with multiple concussions were 7.7 times more likely to demonstrate a major drop in memory perfomance than athletes with no previous concussions. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides preliminary evidence to suggest that athletes with multiple concussions might have cumulative effects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

The role of physical education in the development of active lifestyles.

If elementary physical education existed just to achieve "present" goals, especially regular exercise, the nature of the program would be clearer and the need for trained teachers less. It is the "future" goal that complicates the debate over the elementary program. It is the "future" goal that requires a broader range of experiences and a developmental approach. Because we are preparing students to implement an active lifestyle in adulthood, the development of sport and dance skills through age/ability-appropriate and sequential lessons is an important as the "present" opportunity for physical activity. Teachers must be knowledgeable in the subdisciplines of physical education and well versed in those teaching methods that promote vigorous activity and maximum participation. The lifetime public health goal dictates we help students develop a knowledge base about exercise and health. This goal requires us to learn more than we presently know about promoting positive attitudes toward and fostering appreciations for healthful living. The hope for improved adult health also requires a K-12 curricular model in which every year continues previous experiences and moves students closer to the goal as those students are changing physically, mentally, and socially. The next debate should focus on the role of secondary school physical education in linking health-related elementary programs to healthy adult lifestyles. Even though we do not fully understand the relationship between school physical education and active adult lifestyles, our best bet is developing a continuous, developmental K-12 curriculum.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Role of radiology in occupational medicine.

This review discusses the contribution of radiology to occupational medicine as well as work-related problems in radiology departments. Research issues are emphasized. Radiology has been used especially when diagnosing occupational respiratory and locomotive system problems and solvent-induced encephalo- and hepatopathy. The aim of research in these areas is usually to characterize occupational diseases and to identify physico-chemical hazards in the work place by comparing between groups of workers and non-exposed controls. Radiological imaging allows an objective characterization of the disease, and it may clarify the pathogenesis of the process and provide a useful epidemiological tool. Advanced statistical methods are often needed to adjust analyses for confounding variables. As the diagnostic requirements are increasing, more sensitive and sophisticated radiological methods, such as high-resolution computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy, may be required for the early recognition of occupational health risks. This necessitates good cooperation between occupational health units and well-equipped imaging departments. Considering occupational problems in radiology departments, the increasing use of digital radiology requires ergonomic measures to control and prevent locomotive problems caused by work with computers. Radiation protection measures are still worth concern, especially in interventional radiology.

Cumulative Trauma Disorders↗
PubMed2005

Neuropsychological impairment as a consequence of football (soccer) play and football heading: a preliminary analysis and report on school students (13-16 years).

Footballers run the risk of incurring mild head injury from a variety of sources, including the intentional use of the head to play the ball, known as heading. This paper presents a preliminary exploratory analysis of data collected to examine whether cumulative incidence of mild head injury, or cumulative heading frequency, are related to neuropsychological functioning in male adolescent footballers. In a quasi-experimental cross-sectional design, neuropsychological test scores of school team footballers were compared with those of similarly aged rugby players and noncontact sport players. Cumulative mild head injury incidence was estimated using self-reports, and cumulative heading was estimated using a combination of observation and self-reports. No participants had sustained a head injury within 3 months of testing. There was no relationship between head injury and neuropsychological performance, and there were no decrements in either the footballers or the rugby players in comparison with the noncontact sport players. Within the footballers, cumulative heading did not predict any of the neuropsychological test scores. These findings indicate the absence of neuropsychological impairment arising due to cumulative mild head injury incidence, or cumulative heading. Although these null findings may be reassuring to players, parents, and football organizers, we stress that they are preliminary. Further data is being collected from the same populations to provide more reliable effect estimates.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Hand-arm vibration exposure influences performance of daily activities.

PURPOSE: Although much research has been performed on the effects of vibration on nerves, muscles and vascular structures, little is known of the effects that vibration exposure to handheld tools can give on the ability to perform activities of daily living. The objective of the present study was to analyse the consequences of vibration exposure on performance of daily activities. METHOD: In a total group of 105 exposed male workers, a standardized self-administered ADL questionnaire, the EDAQ including 102 activity items plus 22 diagnosis-specific activity items, was filled out. RESULTS: Forty-four workers (42%) expressed one or more difficulties in performing daily activities in the total study group. The data demonstrated that pain and reduced grip force showed a strong correlation with difficulties in performing daily activities. CONCLUSION: Working in a cold environment, using vibrating machines. handwriting, picking up small objects, opening lids, lifting and carrying were activities perceived as most difficult to accomplish.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1998

Assistive technology and universal design in the workplace.

The terms assistive technology and universal design challenge designers, engineers, and technologists to consider the broadest possible use for the things they create, to make assistive technology as useful to nondisabled persons as to those with disabilities, and to make the products and environments we design as usable as possible for everyone, regardless of age or ability.

Aging↗