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PubMedDate not supplied

[Structural and physicochemical characteristics of DNA from animal tissue subjected to chronic irradiation in the Chernobyl area].

The properties of animal DNAs exposed to prolonged irradiation in the Chernobyl zone, have been studied by the methods of viscometry, thermal denaturation, IR-spectroscopy, and electrophoresis. High content of low-molecular fractions have been observed in the preparations of DNA from liver and spleen, their quantities increasing with age and generation of animals. This effect is especially strong in DNA from liver. Low-molecular fraction of DNA is shown to be enriched with G-C pairs and to consist of the following four fractions: 1) approximately 500 base pairs (B.p.), 2) approximately 1.5 divided by 2 thousand B.p., 3) approximately 4 divided by 5 thousand B.p. and 4) a mixture of approximately 20 thousand B.p. fragments. Further, it has been observed that the DNA preparations from the tissues of experimental animals contain about ten times higher contents of Fe, Zn, Se and other elements as compared to the control preparations.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Cumulative radiation dosage and epidemiological research in the Chernobyl region].

Individual biological dosimetry covering chromosomal analysis and electronic paramagnetic resonance spectrometry has been performed in 1300 subjects exposed to ionizing radiation after the Chernobyl accident. Cumulative radiation doses above 40 ImC were registered in 5%, about 100 ImC in 1% of the examinees. In 1% of cytogenetic investigations there appeared multiaberrant cells indicative of hot particle incorporation. Regional epidemiologists do not record changes in the incidence of hematological diseases. This may be explained by a small percent of the dose carriers, rare occurrence of hematological disorders and the time of radiation-induced oncogenic effects. The above representative group exposed to definite radiation doses may serve the subject of epidemiological surveys on the role of low-dose and low-rate radiation in pathogenesis of human diseases.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1994

[Measuring cesium 137 concentrations in surgical specimen of gynecologic tumors and breast milk, amniotic fluid and in umbilical cords, 6 years after Chernobyl].

In the present study, the cesium 137 content in various human tissues was examined 6 years after the Chernobyl reactor catastrophe. The measurements were performed with a gamma-ray spectrometer by means of a germanium/lithium detector. The median of cesium 137 was 20 mBq/ml in mother's milk, 60 mBq/ml in amniotic fluid, 105 mBq/g in umbilical cords, 51 mBq/g in ovarian tumours, and 140 mBq/g in mammary carcinomas. These values lay far below the permissible limit values of 528 mBq/ml or 528 mBq/g for persons not exposed to radiation. The problems of determining the upper limit were also discussed, and it was ascertained that despite the favorably low values recorded in this study a residual risk to health cannot be absolutely precluded in the light of present-day knowledge.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1994

[Analysis of recessive sex-linked lethal mutations in genotypically different strains of Drosophila melanogaster MS and w, exposed in the 5-kilometer zone of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear reactor].

The frequency of induced and spontaneous recessive sex-linked lethal mutations (RSLLM) in Drosophila melanogaster strains w and ms was estimated after their chronic irradiation in the five-kilometer zone of the Chernobyl' meltdown. The mutagenic effect of relatively low radiation doses was analyzed. In an experiment conducted in 1990, a significant increase in the RSLLM frequency was recorded, while, in 1991, no significant difference between the experiment and control was found.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The blood indices of the flight and technical engineering personnel in helicopter aviation who were participants in the cleanup of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station].

Qualitative analysis did not reveal changes in the blood forming system in pilots subjected to admissible doses of ionizing radiation. Quantitative evaluation of hemogram using the integral coefficient of deterioration of blood indices and differential blood count entropy index allowed to establish correlation between shifts in blood and dose rate. Hematologic changes, particularly in oxidative enzymes of platelets, to a large extent depend on the whole complex of factors characteristic of the Chernobyl accident. After 5 years since that tragedy the number of formed elements of pilots blood did not exceed their specific limits.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1993

Thyroid cancer in children in Belarus after Chernobyl.

The accident to the nuclear reactor at Chernobyl in the Ukraine in April 1986 led to the exposure of substantial populations in northern Ukraine and southern Belarus to radioactive fallout. Recently increases in the incidence of childhood thyroid cancer have been reported from these areas. The possible causal association between exposure to the isotopes of iodine in the fallout and the increased thyroid cancer is examined, with a view to predicting the public health consequences of this aspect of the accident. The reported increases are shown to be consistent with a causal association and, if this is established, then a substantial increase in thyroid cancer can be expected over the next 50 years in the exposed populations. This conclusion underlines the urgent need for research to establish beyond doubt the origin of the reported increases and to formulate an appropriate public health response, including exploration of possible mitigating measures for the future.

Accidents↗
PubMed1993

[Human physiological blood protection systems in the late periods after ionizing radiation exposure related to the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station].

During a 5-year follow-up of rescue party members exposed to radioactive effects of the Chernobyl accident no material changes were observed versus healthy donors in the content of calcium, cholesterol, atherogenic lipoproteins, dienic conjugates, insulin, thyroxin, triiodothyronine, thyroglobulin, IgA, IgG and fibrinogen. Inhibition of peroxidation and emergence of hypocoagulation are attributed to a reduced respiratory splash of the neutrophils. Concentrations of hydrocortisone, testosterone, IgM rose, while the activity of some antioxidant enzymes remained stable.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The electroencephalographic correlates of neurological disorders in the late periods of exposure to ionizing radiation (the aftereffects of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station)].

EEG mapping and three-dimensional localization of epileptic activity sources together with a neurological analysis were carried out in subjects having taken part in 1986-1987 in the liquidation of consequences of the Chernobyl accident. Experimental group included 40 right-handed 25-45 years-old men having received a radiation dose of 15-51 Ber stated officially. Control group consisted of 20 healthy men. Neurological examination of the patients revealed vegetative-vascular and endocrine dysfunctions as well as diffuse neurological symptoms. EEG of one group of patients (25 persons) was characterized by slow alpha- and theta-band foci and epileptic waves in the central-frontal regions; epileptic sources were localized at the diencephalic level mainly in the midline being shifted to the right hemisphere. In the EEG of another group (15 persons) delta-waves were recorded in the frontal regions at the background of diffuse beta-activity. The sources of epileptic activity of a diffuse character were localized at the basal level of the brain and in the cortex (predominantly) in the left hemisphere. The results obtained together with SPECT mapping and CT data permit to suppose the organic damage of different brain structures (at the cortical and the midline levels) in the patients, with participation of diencephalic structures in the pathological process hypothalamic-hypophysial system being probably connected with adaptive processes in the CNS.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The medical problems of the aftermath of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station].

The article is devoted to medical problems of Chernobyl accident, specifically to the question of thyroid carcinoma in children who received increased doses of radioactive iodine (mainly of 131I) in the first days of the disaster. Some relevant reports made at the 3rd Congress of the World Federation of Ukrainian Medical Societies are analyzed. The necessity of ultrasonic examination of the thyroid in children is pointed out. Special portable American-made apparatus is recommended for this purpose. Likelihood of leukaemia, lung cancer, gastrointestinal malign tumors as well as genetic disorders in descendants of irradiated people should also be remembered. Question of "clean" products and evacuation of the population residing in the 30-km zone must be solved.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Surface-active substances in the environment of the 30-kilometer area around the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station (the ecological aspects)].

Results of determination of surface-active substances (SAS) in the soil and water from 30-km Chernobyl zone are presented. The data evidence degrees of soil pollution with anionic SAS which may influence migration and translocations of radionuclides, salts of heavy metals and other compounds. There were found bottom deposits of anionic detergents in the river of Prypyat as well as pollution of well water in a number of villages.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1994

[Use of an "immunologic compass" for diagnosis of immune disorders in clean-up crew members after the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant].

A total of 389 patients with cerebrovascular diseases who participated in liquidation of the Chernobyl power plant accident consequences were examined using rosette formation test and the cytotoxic method with monoclonal antibodies (MCAB). The predominant type of immunologic abnormalities found in 79.1% of patients was a marked reduction of CD4+ cell (T-helpers/inductors) count and a moderate reduction of CD8+ (T-suppressor/keller) count, this resulting in reduction of the CD4/CD8 coefficient. In 11.3% of the examinees CD(4+)-lymphocyte count was reduced and CD8+ count was within the normal range, in 6.2% both CD4+ and CD8+ counts were reduced, and in 3.4% CD4+ count was reduced and CD8+ moderately elevated. Results of theophylline test did not coincide with those of CD4+ and CD8+ measurements in 44.2% of cases.

Accidents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Nutritional status and radionuclide contents of food rations of rural population in the Ukrainian region controlled after the Chernobyl AES accident].

Chemical composition, energy value and 137Cs and 90Sr content in daily diets were assessed in rural population from the region controlled after the Chernobyl accident. As shown by low urine excretion of vitamins (thiamine, ascorbic acid, riboflavin, N1-methylnicotinamide), the population suffer from vitamin deficiency, especially in winter and spring. Levels of the radionuclides rose 1.3-19.7 and 3.4-24.8-fold for 137Cs and 90Sr, respectively.

Accidents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Some indicators of nervous system function in people exposed to harmful conditions of the Chernobyl accident].

Clinico-neurophysiological study of the functional state of the nervous system was performed for persons who participated in elimination of the Chernobyl accident consequences in 1986, as well as for persons working in the 30 km zone. Mean age of the persons was 41. Vegetative dystonia syndrome was diagnosticated in 50% of examined subjects. The increased perception and pain thresholds, as well as the thresholds' asymmetry were determined in 30% of patients. The conduction velocity of sensory and motor nerves, as well as the neuromuscular transmission were normal. No substantial changes in parameters of the soleus H- and M-responses were detected. A decreased amplitude and increased latency of the evoked skin sympathetic potential were found indicating a decreased tone of the adrenergic sympathetic vasoconstrictors and cholinergic sudomotor fibres, that may be one of the pathogenic mechanisms of the sensory, vegetotrophovascular disorders for these subjects. Decreased activity of the sympathetic autonomic system causes permanent course of the vegetative dystonia syndrome and more seldom the parasympathetic autonomic paroxysms. A decreased tone of the sympathetic autonomic system may be due to the monoaminergic neuromediation inhibition (decreased noradrenaline and dopamine excretion for the same subjects), that can induce psychoemotional disorders, depression and sleep-wakeness cycle disorders.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1994

[The functional brain characteristics of people working within the 30-kilometer area of the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station from the viewpoint of age-related changes].

Features of the brain functional status were evaluated by mapping of spontaneous and evoked electrical activity of the brain as were the processes of aging of the nervous system, in 402 individuals who have been working within 30-km of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Station (CNPS), 100 participants in combat in Afghanistan and 20 healthy residents from regions with pollution-free ecological environment. In subjects who had been at the CNPS distinguishing features were noted of the electrical activity of the brain at rest and in the process of processing of sensory information, which were manifested by alterations in interhemispheric and cortico-subcortical relations and were not associated with age but were dependent on a radiation dose. At the same time CNS functional age corresponds to an older age in the irradiated subjects aged under 35 and to a younger one in those over 35 years of age.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Results of cytogenetic examination of participants in the decontamination after the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power station, 5 years later].

Results of the cytogenetic investigation on the Chernobyl accident decontamination participants, 5 years after the accident, have been disclosed. Cytogenetic analysis was performed on circulating blood lymphocytes, using a standard cultivation technique. Differences were detected between control group and decontamination participants on frequency of aberrant cells and aberrations of chromosome type in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Maximal cytogenetic effect on this data was detected in persons, who had worked between May and August 1986. On the base of cytogenetic investigation data, the authors proposed to form high-risk groups, including oncologic risk groups, which need a profound dynamic investigation.

Accidents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Morbidity from hemoblastosis in the Rovenskiĭ district of Ukraine before and after the accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Station].

Hemoblastosis morbidity in children and adult populations and its structure were studied during the period of 1981-1992 at Rovensky district of Ukraine, 6 northern districts of which were affected by radionuclides after Chernobyl AES accident. Primary documentation, actual and archival records were the object of study: registration diaries, records and ambulatory cards. Expeditional method of investigation. During the last 11 years a rise of hemoblastosise morbidity was stated in Rovensky district, especially after the accident, and it was confirmed by a profound statistical analysis of data on leukemia morbidity before and after the accident. Among different nosological forms after the accident the rate of leukemia morbidity as well as myeloma disease and malignant lymphoma morbidity, rose markedly. No significant difference was marked in hemoblastoses (excluding acute leukemia) in non-contaminated and contaminated with radionuclides regions of the district, and in contaminated zones depending on effective equivalent doze. Acute leukemia morbidity in contaminated regions after the accident was statistically reliably higher.

Accidents↗
PubMed1993

[Pectin-containing products in the dietary nutrition of subjects exposed to ionizing radiation as a result of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station].

Effect of natural and enriched with pectin tanned fruits on radiation-induced metabolic disorders was studied in persons subjected to radiation due to Chernobyl accident. It was shown that products in question beneficially influenced blood antioxidant system as well as brought to the norm contents of triglicerides and albumins in patients with IIa and IV types of hyperlipoproteinaemia.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1993

[Evaluation and correction of the nutrition of children in a region contaminated as a result of the Chernobyl power plant accident].

Nutrition of 2 children groups aged 9 to 10 years and 14 to 15 years in the zone of Chernobyl accident was studied during 1 year in spring, summer and autumn with the help of questionnaires. Nutrition of children was appreciated as unsatisfactory. Structure of foodstuffs and their quantity are insufficient. Recommendations for improvement of children nutrition were developed.

Accidents↗