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At least 1,153 records · Page 64Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Partial purification and characterization of neutral proteases in lymph nodes of rats with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis.

Two kinds of neutral protease activities in lymph nodes from Lewis rats with acute experimental allergic encephalomyelits (EAE) have been separated and partially purified and characterized. A soluble enzyme preparation enriched by gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography hydrolyzes myelin basic protein, polylysine, and other basic proteins with an optimum pH at 6.0-6.5. It is inhibited by p-chloromercuribenzoate, and thus appears to be a mixture of thiol proteases. Another fraction containing proteolytic enzyme activity is strongly bound to the insoluble lymph node residue, and it also hydrolyzes myelin basic protein and histone, but not polylysine. It has a pH optimum above 7.5, is inhibited by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, thus resembling elastase, but does not hydrolyze elastin-Congo red. The insoluble enzyme preparation hydrolyzes basic protein to 4-5 peptides in a pattern on polyacrylamide gels resembling that of the hydrolysis of basis protein by whole lymphocytes; the soluble enzyme mixture produces small fragments not retained on gels. Lymphocytes are a major component of the cells infiltrating the nervous system in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, and neutral proteases contained in these cells may contribute to the degradation of myelin, especially of the basic protein.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Vagotomy and vagotomy follow-up--results of a survey].

A survey of 1006 surgical clinics in the Federal Republic of Germany in 1984 showed that the general surgical procedure for duodenal ulcers was vagotomy in 65.9%. 21.9% of the clinics checked the effectiveness of vagotomy intraoperatively by either performing electrostimulation (69.6%), leucomethylene-blue staining (20.9%), monitoring of the intragastric pH-value (7.3%), or Congo-red test (1.4%). Postoperative vagotomy controls were performed in 51% of the hospitals. Judging by the present results, application of intraoperative effectiveness control is not necessarily advisable. Evaluating the pre- and postoperative acid production allows the establishment of a quality control, however without any prognostic relevance.

Duodenal Ulcer↗
PubMed1995

Surgical experience with massive lobar haemorrhage caused by cerebral amyloid angiopathy.

Nineteen patients with massive lobar haemorrhage without angiographic lesions received direct or stereotactic surgery, and biopsy specimens were examined histologically. Ten patients (53%) were found to have vessels positive for Congo-red staining, and demonstrating amyloid angiopathy. In the patients with amyloid angiopathy, CT scan and surgical findings were investigated. Subarachnoid haemorrhage (9/10), irregularly shaped haematoma (9/10) and fluid-blood density level in the haematoma cavity (7/10) were frequently found on CT scan. The characteristic surgical findings in patients treated by direct surgery were subarachnoid haemorrhage adjacent to intracerebral haematoma (8/8) and the existence of a tangle of vessels in the haematoma cavity (4/8). Evacuation of haematomas was relatively easy, and difficulty of haemostasis was not encountered during surgery.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Clinicopathological features and natural history of gastric hamartomatous polyps.

The clinicopathological features, chromoendoscopic findings, and natural history of hamartomatous polyps of the stomach were compared with those of gastric hyperplastic polyps. Hamartomatous polyps were found significantly more frequently in adult females than adult males, and all were found significantly more frequently in adult females than adult males, and all were located in the gastric body or the fundus. In general, the number of polyps per patient was less in older patients. Histologically, all these polyps were formed of cystically dilated oxyntic glands and irregularly deformed oxyntic glands. Chromoendoscopic examinations using Congo red showed that the polyps were associated with extensive acid-secreting areas, were all located in acid-secreting areas, and had an acid-secreting function. Colonoscopy and/or radiologic examinations showed that one or a few polyps were frequently also present in the colons of these patients, but none of the families of the patients had a history of gastrointestinal polyposis. One to 11 years after the initial endoscopy, in seven (50.0%) of 14 patients with hamartomatous polyps followed up, the number of polyps decreased significantly.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

The interaction of leukocytes and their hydrolases with bacteria in vitro and in vivo: the modification of the bactericidal and bacteriolytic reactions by cationic and anionic macromolecular substances and by anti-inflammatory agents.

Acid hydrolases from extracts of human blood leucocytes lyse Staph.aureus, Staph.albus and Strep.faecalis in vitro. The leucocyte enzymes can be substituted by a lytic mixture which contains crude trypsin, lysolecithin, phospholipase C and lysozyme, which lyse other bacterial species, e.g. E.coli and Listeria which are resistant to leucocyte enzymes. Bacteriolysis by the lytic agents is strongly inhibited by the anionic polyelectrolytes, heparin, chondroitin sulphate, DNA, dextran sulphate and other sulphated mucopolysaccharides, by the cationic materials, histone, protamine sulphate, leucocyte cationic proteins and polylysine. Other strong inhibitors are trypsan blue and congo red, the phospholipids phosphatidyl serine and ethanolamine, gold thiomalate, extracts of coffee and tea and the anti-inflammatory agents, ultracorten-H, and ultracortenol. Bacteriolysis is also strongly inhibited by normal human serum and by synovial fluids from patients with a variety of joint diseases. The inhibitors in these body fluids are associated with the globulin fractions. Since mixtures of anionic and cationic polyelectrolytes, at equimolar concentrations, failed to inhibit bacteriolysis by leucocyte enzymes, it is postulated that a delicate balance between positively and negatively charged inhibitors control the degradation of cell wall components of bacteria in inflamed areas. Such bacterial components, induce 'storage type' granulomas. The possible role played by polyelectrolytes in the control of the inflammatory process induced by leucocyte hydrolases will be discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

beta 2-Microglobulin amyloidosis. A systemic amyloid disease affecting primarily synovium and bone in long-term dialysis patients.

A number of rheumatic disorders occur in patients on long-term hemodialysis treatment. In recent years a clinical syndrome comprising carpal tunnel syndrome, destructive arthropathy, and cystic bone lesions has been recognized in these patients. Congo-red staining and microscopy in polarized light reveal a high frequency of amyloid in the affected tissues. Amino acid sequence data of the isolated major amyloid fibril protein show its identity with beta 2-microglobulin. beta 2-microglobulin amyloid has a predilection for synovial tissues and bone, but visceral deposits may also occur indicating the systemic nature of the disease. The clinicopathological features, pathogenesis, and diagnosis of beta 2-microglobulin amyloidosis are reviewed, and the therapeutic and prophylactic measures discussed. The identification of beta 2-microglobulin as an amyloidogenic protein has in an important way contributed to the understanding of the mechanisms of amyloidogenesis in general and emphasized the complexity of amyloid disease and the diversity of proteins capable of forming congophilic fibrillar deposits in human tissues.

Amyloidosis↗
PubMed1991

Nonamyloidotic fibrillary glomerulopathy. Report of a case and review of the literature.

A 29-year-old man had oedema, proteinuria in nephrotic range, haematuria and cardiac arrhythmia (second grade atrioventricular block). The pathologic findings of kidney biopsy showed in light microscopy diffuse mesangial matrix increase with mild mesangial proliferation and variable thickening of the glomerular capillary walls. IgG, c3 and c1q were intensely fluorescent and exhibited a diffuse granular pattern in mesangial areas and along the capillary walls. Both kappa and lambda chains were weakly positive in the same pattern. Ultrastructurally, microfibrils of about 20 nm in width were seen to be deposited in mesangial areas and along the glomerular basement membranes. Congo red stain and metachromasia were negative. Neither cryoglobulinaemia nor paraproteinaemia including light chains were found. The aetiology of nonamyloidotic fibrillary glomerulopathy is unknown and no clear-cut clinical or pathologic pattern has emerged. It may represent more than one disease process with a common morphologic expression.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Investigation of the Presence of Apotipoprotein E, G lycosaminoglycans, Basement Membrane Proteins, and Protease inhibitors in Senile interstitial Amyloid of the Pituitary.

The aim of our study was to test whether local- or organ-limited interstitial amyloid of the pituitary is associated with the presence of glycosaminoglycans, basement membrane proteins, protease inhibitors, and apolipoprotein E (apo E), as previously observed in other amyloid syndromes. Serial sections from amyloidotic and nonamyloidotic autopsy pituitaries of patients age 85 yr and over were stained with Congo red, Alcian blue, and, applying immunohistochemistry, with antibodies directed against fibronectin, collagen IV, laminin, apo E, a(1)-antitrypsin and a(1)-antichymotrypsin. Interstitial amyloid was deposited in the immediate vicinity of capillaries and around the acini of the anterior lobe. Glycosaminoglycans were found in capillaries and around the acini of both nonamyloidotic and amyloidotic glands and they were also related spatially to amyloid deposits. Immunostaining of nonamyloidotic and amyloidotic glands demonstrated the presence of fibronectin, collagen IV, and laminin, which was related to basement membranes (fibronectin, collagen IV, and laminin), interstitium, and serum (fibronectin only). In amyloidotic glands, each basement membrane protein presented with an additional spatial relationship to amyloid deposits. Apo E was found in amyloidotic cases only within the amyloid deposits. The results are consistent with the presence of glycosaminoglycans, basement membrane proteins, and apo E in local interstitial amyloid deposits of the pituitary, as previously described in other amyloid syndromes, such as inflammatory related AA-amyloidosis or AB-amyloidosis related to Alzheimer's disease.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1995

Amyloid Deposits in Pituitaries and Pituitary Adenomas: Immunohistochemistry and In Situ Hybridization.

The patterns of deposition and immunoreactivity of interstitial amyloid were studied in 11 pituitary glands obtained at autopsy and 9 surgically resected pituitary adenomas using Congo red staining and a panel of antisera directed against 5 major amyloid fibril proteins and all pituitary hormones. The deposition pattern of amyloid in pituitary glands differed from that in adenomas but all amyloid deposits showed an immunostaining with anti-amyloid X-light chain. The remaining antisera were immunonegative. In situ hybridization using an oligodeoxyribonucleotide-probe complementary to the mRNA coding for the constant region of human X-light chain yielded no hybridization signals in the pituitaries or pituitary adenomas, excluding local synthesis and secretion of immunoglobulins. Since no case studied suffered from generalized AX-amyloidosis and adsorption of immunoglobulins to the unknown amyloid fribril protein of the pituitary seems to be unlikely, crossreaction of the polyclonal antisera with an undefined antigen is probable. The similar immunostaining properties of amyloid deposits in "normal" pituitaries and pituitary adenomas suggest they both originate from the same precursor protein.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1982

Gastroscopic biopsy of the stomach for the diagnosis of amyloidosis.

1. Amyloid deposition was investigated in the biopsied specimens obtained from the stomachs of suspected cases of amyloidosis. The subjects were seven cases of suggestive amyloidosis with clinical symptoms of muscle rigidity, masked face, macroglossia and B-J proteinuria. The stomach of an autopsied amyloidosis patient was also investigated. 2. Mucosal tissue was obtained from fundus, corpus and antrum of the stomach using gastrofiberscope, Olympus GFB2. And amyloid in the tissue was detected by H & E Congo red staining and polarization microscopy. Rectal biopsy was also done in the majority of the cases to compare with stomach biopsy. 3. Positive results were obtained with gastric biopsy in all seven cases and five of the 5 cases by rectal biopsy. Thus, gastric and rectal biopsy yielded the same results so far as detection of amyloid deposition was concerned. 4. Biopsy specimens from several sites of the stomach gave similar results in regard to the amyloid deposition. Tissue deposition of amyloid in the stomach wall showed a somewhat high incidence in the walls of intramucosal capillaries and in the walls of blood vessels of lamina muscularies mucosa. Gastroscopic biopsy of the stomach proved to be useful as a routine technique for the definite diagnosis of the disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Induction of beta (A4)-amyloid in primates by injection of Alzheimer's disease brain homogenate. Comparison with transmission of spongiform encephalopathy.

Amyloid plaques, associated with argyrophilic dystrophic neurites, and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), but no neurofibrillary tangles, were found in the brains of three middle-aged marmoset monkeys that had been injected intracerebrally (ic) 6-7 yr earlier with brain tissue from a patient with early-onset Alzheimer's disease. Such changes were not found in the brains of three age-matched control marmosets. Immunochemically the amyloid plaques and CAA stained with antibody to beta (A4)-protein. The plaques and CAA displayed dichroic birefringence when stained with Congo red and viewed under polarized light. beta (A4)-amyloid plaques and CAA were also found in the brain of one of two marmosets injected ic 6 yr previously with brain tissue from a patient with prion disease with concomitant beta (A4)-amyloid plaques and CAA. An occasional beta (A4)-amyloid plaque was found in the brains of two of four marmosets injected ic > 4.5 yr previously with brain tissue from three elderly patients, two of whom had suspected (but untransmitted) CJD. No beta (A4)-amyloid plaques or CAA were found in six marmosets who were older than the injected animals, in four marmosets that had not developed spongiform encephalopathy (SE) having been injected several years previously with human brain tissue from three younger patients with suspected or atypical prion disease, or in 10 younger marmosets who had undergone various neurosurgical procedures. Seventeen marmosets injected in the same way with brain tissue from patients or animals with SE developed SE 17-49 mo after injection. These results suggest that beta (A4)-amyloidosis is a transmissible process comparable to the transmissibility of SE.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Characterization of adhesion associated surface properties of uropathogenic Escherichia coli.

Escherichia coli was isolated from the urine of patients with pyelonephritis, with urinary tract infections other than pyelonephritis and with asymptomatic bacteriuria. Surface properties of the strains were analyzed by the salting-out aggregation test (SAT), hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC), Congo red binding (Crb), agglutination of erythrocytes (MRHA) and latex particles covered by digalactoside (PF) and by adherence to tissue culture cells. In addition, a DNA probe for the pap gene was used. The DNA probe detected the highest proportion of strains with pap gene in the group of patients with pyelonephritis, lower in the urinary tract infections other than pyelonephritis and the lowest in the group with asymptomatic bacteriuria. Tests for P-fimbriae (PF, MRHA) showed a similar distribution. Hydrophobicity measured by SAT and by HIC did not show differences among the tested groups of strains. The results suggest that factors other than the P-fimbriae and hydrophobicity may contribute to the persistence of E. coli in the urinary tract.

Bacterial Adhesion↗
PubMed1998

Postantibiotic effects of imipenem and enoxacin against S. typhimurium and S. enteritidis and the influence on their surface hydrophobicity.

The influence of the postantibiotic effect (PAE) and the postantibiotic sub-MICs effect (PA SME) of imipenem and enoxacin on the surface hydrophobicity of S. typhimurium and S. enteritidis strains were studied by evaluating Congo red binding and the aggregation in molar solutions of ammonium sulfate (SAT). A PAE was induced by 2x and 4 x MIC of antibiotics tested for 0.5 h. Suprainhibitory concentrations of imipenem against S. typhimurium induced a short PAE (0.3-0.6 h) compared to S. enteritidis (6.0-9.7 h). Suprasubinhibitory concentrations of imipenem did not allow a regrowth of S. enteritidis. Similar results were also found for enoxacin. Evaluation of surface hydrophobic properties of the salmonellas after affecting both PAEs and PA SMEs has shown that imipenem at concentrations 4 x MIC and 4 x MIC + 0.3 x MIC partially influenced the hydrophobicity of S. typhimurium. S. enteritidis was more susceptible toward both antibiotics tested.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2002

Decolorization of industrial dyes by a Brazilian strain of Pleurotus pulmonarius producing laccase as the sole phenol-oxidizing enzyme.

The ability of a Brazilian strain of Pleurotus pulmonarius to decolorize structurally different synthetic dyes (including azo, triphenylmethane, heterocyclic and polymeric dyes) was investigated in solid and submerged cultures. Both were able to decolorize completely or partially 8 of 10 dyes (Amido Black, Congo Red, Trypan Blue, Methyl Green, Remazol Brilliant Blue R, Methyl Violet, Ethyl Violet, Brilliant Cresyl Blue). No decolorization of Methylene Blue and Poly R 478 was observed. Of the four phenol-oxidizing enzymes tested in culture filtrates (lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, aryl alcohol oxidase, laccase), P. pulmonarius produced only laccase. Both laccase activity and dye decolorization were related to glucose and ammonium starvation or to induction by ferulic acid. The decolorization in vivo was tested using three dyes--Remazol Brilliant Blue R, Trypan Blue and Methyl Green. All of them were completely decolorized by crude extracellular extracts. Decolorization and laccase activity were equally affected by pH and temperature. Laccase can thus be considered to be the major enzyme involved in the ability of P. pulmonarius to decolorize industrial dyes.

Brazil↗
PubMed1985

Some enkephalin- or VIP-immunoreactive hippocampal pyramidal cells contain neurofibrillary tangles in the brains of aged humans and persons with Alzheimer's disease.

Neurofibrillary tangles are one of the histopathological neuronal abnormalities present in normal aging and especially in Alzheimer's Disease. We have utilized immunocytochemical staining for neuropeptides followed by Congo red with gallocyanin counterstaining and polarized illumination to determine whether enkephalin (Enk), somatostatin (Som), cholecystokinin (CCK), or vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) are contained in neurons afflicted with such tangles. A few Enk- or VIP-immunoreactive pyramidal cells in field hl and subiculum were found to contain tangles. Many such Enk- or VIP-immunoreactive neurons and cells containing Som- or CCK-like immunoreactivity did not contain such tangles.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Amyloid-enhancing factor (AEF) in the pathogenesis of AA-amyloidosis in the hamster.

AA-amyloidosis was induced in hamsters receiving amyloid-enhancing factor (AEF) by daily subcutaneous injection with either an aged casein solution or casein supplemented with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Both amyloid inducers gave similar results with respect to amyloid development in spleen, liver and kidneys and to serum amyloid A (SAA) concentrations and plasma cathepsin D activities. AEF was isolated from amyloid-containing tissue by the method described by Hol et al. (1985), and amyloid-enhancing material was also extracted from isolated hamster amyloid fibrils by intensive sonification. This fibril-derived amyloid-enhancing material lacked typical green birefringence after staining with Congo red and appeared as amorphous material on electron microscopy. AEF shortened the pre-amyloid phase for splenic and hepatic amyloid development and also the subsequent interval before renal amyloid deposition. This indicates that endogenous AEF, unlike passively transferred preformed AEF, is not distributed throughout the body and is probably generated at the site of amyloid deposition. Moreover, these results suggest that amyloid deposition in the kidneys, like that in the spleen and liver, involves an AEF-dependent pathway. Thus redistribution of amyloid is probably not an important cause of renal amyloid involvement. In addition to the reduction in the lag phase for splenic and hepatic amyloid deposition, AEF also speeds the changes in SAA concentration and plasma cathepsin D activity. This indicates that AEF accelerates rather than eliminates the pre-amyloid phase.

Amyloidosis↗
PubMed1991

Deposition of amyloid of unknown origin in articular cartilage.

Articular cartilage, obtained from the large toe during hallux valgus operations in 37 patients, was investigated for the presence of amyloid by using the Congo red staining method. Amyloid deposits were demonstrated, particularly in the superficial layer of the cartilage, in 30 cases. This amyloid did not react immunohistochemically with any of the antibodies against the known five major amyloid types (AA, A lambda, A kappa, AF, AB). From these data it is concluded that hyaline cartilage in older individuals is prone to infiltration by an amyloid of a hitherto unidentified class. From the morphological observations there seems to be no correlation between amyloid deposits and the development of osteoarthrosis.

Aging↗
PubMed1993

Gastrointestinal AAPOAII and systemic AA-amyloidosis in aged C57BL/Ka mice. Amyloid-type dependent effect of long-term immunosuppressive treatment.

The light microscopic and immunohistochemical features of a novel localized senile amyloidosis in the gastrointestinal tract of C57BL/Ka mice are described. Senile gastrointestinal amyloidosis was predominantly found in the lamina propria of the ileum, cecum and stomach and infrequently in other segments of the gastrointestinal tract. The Congo red affinity of the senile amyloid was sensitive to potassium permanganate pretreatment. The amyloid did not react with anti-AA and anti-immunoglobulin antisera, but stained positively for apoAII, a major apolipoprotein of high density lipoproteins. A similar type of amyloid, termed AApoAII, has recently been described in a systemic form of senile amyloidosis in mice. In the present study, we investigated the effect of long-term immunosuppressive treatment on the incidence of systemic AA-amyloidosis and gastrointestinal AApoAII-amyloidosis in aged C57BL/Ka mice. Gastrointestinal amyloidosis occurred in 60% of the control mice, but significantly less in mice of the immunosuppressed groups. In contrast, systemic AA-immunoreactive amyloidosis was only found in mice that were given immunosuppressive treatment. There was no codeposition of AA and AApoAII-amyloid. These findings indicate that immunosuppressive drugs have a profound effect on the incidence as well as the type of amyloidosis in C57BL/Ka mice.

Aging↗