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PubMedDate not supplied

[Application of surveyor in designing partial denture. 3. Analysis of the study cast in surveyor].

The widely accepted method in partially edentulous treatment plan is the analysis of study cast. In our practice, however, various excuses are enumerated in order to avoid this method. The aim of this paper is to describe stages of the analysis of study cast in surveyor and to emphasize advantages of this therapy. Study cast analysis enables a real view of occlusion, morphological characteristics of abutment teeth and presents information about possible metal framework design. The conclusion of this paper is that the analysis of study cast could be an obligatory stage in preparing a patient partially edentulous treatment.

Denture Design↗
PubMed1989

The chorioallantoic capillary plexus of the chicken egg: a microvascular corrosion casting study.

The chorioallantoic membrane of the avian egg serves as the principal organ of respiratory gaseous exchange for the embryo until close to hatching. It lies closely apposed to the inner shell membrane and contains an extremely dense capillary plexus supplied by the allantoic blood vessels. This study applied the microvascular corrosion casting technique to investigate the three-dimensional arrangement of the plexus at various stages of incubation. Casts were produced between days 6 and 14 of incubation, and their appearances were compared with those obtained from traditionally sectioned material and from freeze-cleaved specimens. By day 6 the capillary network was remarkably profuse but showed considerable regional variation in vessel density. In some areas there were only short capillary buds whereas in other areas fusion had taken place so that a true plexus was formed. By day 10 the capillaries had become confluent to such a degree that the cast consisted of a thin sheet of resin perforated only by an array of small irregularly shaped orifices. These corresponded closely in size to the intervening columns of chorionic epithelial cells seen in the sectioned material. It is clear from the appearances of the casts that the capillary surface density becomes maximal at approximately day 10 of incubation. From then on in incubation any increase in the diffusing capacity of the chorioallantoic membrane must be the result of either an increase in its overall surface area, or a decrease in the thickness of the air-blood barrier.

Allantois↗
PubMed1988

Prophylactic use of a hip cast-brace following primary and revision total hip arthroplasty.

A hip cast-brace was routinely applied to 67 patients undergoing 37 revision and 30 primary total hip arthroplasties. In the revision group, 78% of the patients were discharged by the tenth postoperative day; the average period in the cast-brace was 23 days. One patient developed deep venous thrombosis. Dislocation occurred in three patients who had undergone previous revision total hip arthroplasties. Of these three patients, one dislocated while wearing the cast-brace. In the primary group, 72% of the patients were discharged by the eighth postoperative day and average time in the cast-brace was 15 days. One developed deep venous thrombosis; no dislocations occurred.

Braces↗
PubMed1977

[Follow-up studies and clinical evaluation of model cast dentures with periodontal and periodonto-gingival support].

The authors examined 746 cast denture constructions with an average wearing time of 6 years to study the influence of cast denture constructions on caries increment. The mode of wear of the cast denture constructions had no influence on caries incidence, whereas effects exerted by the duration of wear and the presence of soft deposits could be detected. The evaluation of the functional performance of cast denture constructions showed that the clinical serviceability amounts to more than 8 years.

Dental Abutments↗
PubMed1987

A new technique using a nasal cast for anterior rhinomanometry.

A new method of sealing a pressure sensing tube into the nostril for anterior rhinomanometry is described. This involves the use of a nasal cast made from dental impression material. The results demonstrate that the nasal cast technique gives the same resistance values as the standard nasal tape technique. Obstruction of one nostril with a nasal cast for fifteen minutes is shown to have no effect on nasal resistance. The advantages of the nasal cast method compared with the nasal tape method are described.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The identification of fungal casts. A new method for diagnosing visceral candidiasis.

Visceral candidiasis is a potentially life-threatening infection that is difficult to diagnose clinically. Existing laboratory methods do not adequately distinguish visceral candidiasis from extensive candidal infections of mucosal surfaces. A new laboratory method, the detection of fungal casts in urine sediment, permits the unequivocal diagnosis of renal candidiasis. Since the severity of renal candidiasis varies, the clinical significance attributed to the identification of fungal casts in the urine must be based upon a complete assessment of the patient. The ultimate utility of the fungal cast method will depend upon the incidence with which fungal casts can be identified in the urine of patients with renal candidiasis. At present, this incidence is unknown. However, the method has been clinically useful in a number of specific cases and should not be overlooked in evaluating patients with candiduria in whom the diagnosis of visceral candidiasis is suspected but not confirmed.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

G-6-PD and haemoglobin variants among twelve endogamous Dhangar castes of Maharashtra, India.

Incidence of haemoglobin variants and G-6-PD deficiency among 1385 males belonging to 12 endogamous Dhangar castes of Maharashtra, India, have been reported. Of the 12 castes studied 11 lacked the allele for G-6-PD deficiency; 2.7% of the Thellaris were found to be deficient. Haemoglobin Hb-D trait is found in 2 of the 12 castes; the incidence among Ahirs and Hatkars being 0.82% and 1.91%, respectively. One case of Hb-J among the Ahirs, and 2 examples of thalassaemia trait, one each among Ahirs and Gadharis, have been detected. The low incidence of observed G-6-PD deficiency and the detection of Hb-D and J traits, as well as thalassaemia have been discussed in the light of the nomadic way of life of some of the Dhangar castes and prevalence of malaria in the region they occupy. The data strongly suggest that the Dhangars arrived in Maharashtra in the recent past from northwest.

Consanguinity↗
PubMed1979

Physical variation in three Assamese castes.

The paper deals with variation with regard to certain physical traits like AB0 blood groups, cerumen type, cross section of head hair, finger patterns and anthropometric characters in three Assamese caste populations, namely Brahmin, Kalita and Kaibarta representing three strata of the Assamese caste society. The study reveals that in respect of AB0 blood groups, cerumen type and finger patterns the Kaibartas stand apart from the Brahmin and Kalita, who are similar to one another. With regard to the other traits a different picture is observed. When the castes are arranged in hierarcheal order, the hair becomes coarser from the Brahmin to the Kaibarta through the Kalita. The metric values also can be arranged in a similar manner when certain values show a decrease from the lower to higher caste and others increase. While dealing with the nature of variation an attempt has also been made to look for the possible reasons. It appears that a host of factors like ethnic migration, inflow of genes, isolation are involved to cause variation.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1983

Corneal neovascularization as studied by scanning electron microscopy of vascular casts.

Rat corneas were cauterized chemically, and the induced neovascularization was studied by scanning electron microscopy of vascular casts. Casts were prepared by filling the pericorneal and intracorneal vessels with an acrylic monomer by an intracardiac injection. The initial response to injury was a vasodilation of pericorneal vessels and the appearance of impressions in the walls of veins and venules consistent with those of marginating leukocytes. The first new vascular buds emerged from the pericorneal venules and capillaries at 27 hours after injury. These sprouts lengthened and multiplied by 72 hours to produce a rich anastomosing plexus. New vessels were not seen arising from arteries and arterioles. By 7 days, numerous channels reached the cautery site and, by 13 days, many of the redundant intracorneal vessels had regressed leaving large looping channels connecting either with a pericorneal artery or a vein. The casts of those continuous with the artery had surface features suggesting arterial or arteriolar differentiation, whereas the smooth surfaces of the remaining channels were consistent with those of veins or capillaries. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed this differentiation by documenting intracorneal vessels with the smooth muscle and prominent endothelial cell nuclei which characterize arteries and arterioles. Vascular casts have several advantages in the study of neovascularization. They depict the three-dimensional characteristics of new vessel formation and reflect the vascular and cellular events in the accompanying acute inflammatory response; define more readily than histologic sections the time that the first new buds appear; emphasize capillaries and venules as the predominant source of new vessels; and suggest that certain new intracorneal vessels assume morphologic features of arteries or arterioles, whereas others retain capillary or venous characteristics.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Population genetic studies of PI, Tf, Gc and PGM1 subtypes among various caste groups in North India.

Approximately 500 blood samples from various endogamous groups in north India have been subjected to isoelectric focusing to reveal genetic variation at the PI, Tf, Gc and PGM1 loci. The average heterozygosity per locus varies from 40% to 60% and the gene frequency data reflects considerable variation among the caste groups studied. The Nei genetic distances calculated from the 4 loci demonstrate that Khatri, Arora and Rajput are strongly clustered together and genetically they are closer to Brahmin than to Vaish and Scheduled Castes. Vaish emerge as a unique group showing maximum genetic distances with all other caste groups. The comparison of the present populations with our own data from two south Indian populations indicates that the tribal population of Soliga is distinct from the non-tribal populations, but the non-tribal south Indian series clusters closely with the main caste populations in north India.

Gene Frequency↗
PubMed1984

The drainage routes for aqueous humor in monkeys as revealed by scanning electron microscopy of corrosion casts.

The outflow routes for aqueous humor from the anterior chamber in cynomolgus monkeys were studied. The routes were filled with a mixture of Mercox CL2R and methyl methacrylate, 4:6, which had a low viscosity. Polymerization was delayed by cooling. Some experiments were performed after fixation with glutaraldehyde. Scanning electron microscopy was used to study the casts after dissolution of the tissue. The casts indicate inflow into the first intertrabecular space through a limited number of 10-100 microns openings. The first space is an irregular circular plexus. Subsequent uveal intertrabecular spaces also constitute complex channels. In the ciliary muscle the plastic entering from the uveal intertrabecular spaces could pass through narrow spaces into the supraciliary and suprachoroidal spaces. The intertrabecular spaces in the corneoscleral meshwork were thinner than those in the uveal meshwork. The outermost layer which tended to fill incompletely especially in fixed preparations communicated with the spaces of the juxtacanalicular tissue. In this tissue there was very limited filling even in unfixed preparations. On the casts of the canal of Schlemm there were remnants of communications with the juxtacanalicular tissue. These remnants indicated that only pores with diameters of 2-3 microns or more had been large enough to drain plastic into the canal. The collector channels formed a deep scleral plexus at many places. This plexus and direct collector channels drained into superior and inferior episcleral veins. Apparently the casting technique permitted visualization of most of the uveal and corneoscleral intertrabecular spaces and of preferential channels through the juxtacanalicular tissue and the inner wall of Schlemm's canal. The number of such channels was about 10-20/mm2 of inner wall.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

The Canterbury alcoholism screening test (CAST): a detection instrument for use with hospitalised patients.

The Canterbury alcoholism screening test (CAST) was developed from data collected on 2014 consecutive non-paediatric general hospital admissions. The CAST correctly identified 95% of patients classified by the short MAST as definitely alcoholic, and misclassified only 1.6% of controls. When administered to 165 patients from various alcoholism treatment centres, the CAST classified all patients as having alcohol problems. The screening test consists of two parts adapted from the Munich alcoholism test (MALT): a twenty-three item self-report section and a four item clinician's assessment. The CAST, which takes about four minutes to administer, has considerable potential use for the early detection of patients with current alcohol problems in an unselected hospital population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

The hip cast-brace for hip prosthesis instability.

The use of a hip cast-brace in the treatment of unstable hips following prosthetic replacement is described. A retrospective study of 21 patients with 22 hip prostheses treated with the cast-brace is reported. Seventeen Charnley low friction arthroplasties (LFA) were treated--four cast-braces were used for prophylaxis, five for single dislocations and eight for recurrent dislocations. To date, only four hips have required an operation to achieve stability. Five patients with Thompson hemi-arthroplasties were treated following dislocation with only one requiring surgery to achieve stability. A hip cast-brace is recommended as a useful alternative to surgical management of prosthetic instability.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Analysis of left and right ventricular size and shape, as determined from human casts. Description of the method and its validation.

A method is described to produce life-like left and right ventricular casts of 22 human hearts and to store their surface coordinates on magnetic tape for the analysis of ventricular shape and of angiocardiographic volume determination methods. According to their shape, experienced cardiologists divided these casts into diastolic, systolic and intermediate subgroups. On the basis of X-ray silhouettes and computer-simulated projections, single-plane as well as biplane model volumes were calculated with the multiple-slices and the area--length methods for various ventricular orientations. The mean correction factors (CF), relating actual and model volumes vary considerably with respect to cardiac phase and orientation. The systolic CFs are smaller than the diastolic ones, their averaged ratio being 0.74 for the left and 0.86 for the right ventricular casts. In general, the reported CFs are smaller than those published by other authors, which is attributed to different cast-production procedures. The described method uses selective, equql, and simultaneous filling of both ventricles, which prevents an unphysiologic shift of the interventricular septum.

Anthropometry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immersion disinfection of irreversible hydrocolloid impressions. Part 2: Effects on gypsum casts.

This study evaluated the quality of gypsum casts recovered from disinfected irreversible hydrocolloid impressions. Four disinfectants were evaluated: 0.525% sodium hypochlorite, Alcide LD, Iodofive, and OMC II. Water served as the control. Specimens were evaluated for roughness, surface detail, and dimensional stability. Impressions disinfected with NaOCI or Alcide produced gypsum casts with physical properties that were generally equal or superior to casts from impressions rinsed with water. OMC II and Iodofive generally produced casts inferior to the controls.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1993

Renal failure due to tubular obstruction by large protein casts in patients with massive proteinuria.

We describe two patients with nephrotic syndrome whose histologic findings on renal biopsy and at autopsy are characterized by numerous large protein casts in dilated cortical tubules, as well as podocyte swelling with effacement of foot processes in the glomeruli. Both patients progressed rapidly to renal failure. The casts and the protein precipitate in the Bowman's capsule were found to be composed of varying proportions of albumin and globulin but contained no Tamm-Horsfall protein. This suggests a glomerular rather than tubular origin of proteins. Light and electron microscopic examination of tubules revealed changes mainly due to compression by the casts. We propose that tubular obstruction due to the large casts was the main cause of renal failure.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1995

Biochemical interaction between Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein and Ig light chains in the pathogenesis of cast nephropathy.

BACKGROUND: Cast nephropathy in multiple myeloma patients is caused by heterotypic aggregation of Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein (THP) with monoclonal light chains (Bence Jones protein, BJP). Co-aggregation of these proteins is triggered by the binding of BJP to a specific peptide portion of THP. Defining those factors that alter the interaction between BJP and THP may help to understand further the pathogenesis of cast nephropathy and serve to decrease the morbidity and mortality of cast nephropathy. We hypothesized that pH, calcium, furosemide, and the carbohydrate moiety of THP all modulate the protein-protein interaction between BJP and THP. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Binding affinity and aggregation rate of human THP with two human nephrotoxic BJP were tested at pH 8.5, 7.4, and 5.0. The effects of calcium, furosemide, and free sialic acid were also evaluated. Binding and aggregation of BJP with THP purified from normal volunteers treated with oral colchicine were observed. The carbohydrate components of THP were also analyzed. RESULTS: An acidic environment increased initial binding rate and produced a parallel increase in the aggregation rate of THP with BJP. Calcium and furosemide enhanced aggregation rates without interfering with binding. Colchicine treatment decreased the amount of sialic acid linked alpha(2-6) to galactose (NeuAc alpha 2-6Gal) and sialic acid linked alpha(2-3) to galactose (NeuAc alpha 2-3Gal) on THP and thereby decreased the aggregation rate with BJP without altering binding. Addition of free sialic acid did not alter binding but did decrease aggregation rates of the two proteins. CONCLUSIONS: Environmental conditions modulate BJP-THP interactions and may be responsible for inducing case nephropathy in multiple myeloma. Modification of carbohydrate components of THP or use of oligosaccharides may decrease or prevent cast nephropathy.

Colchicine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

CAST-ELISA test in diagnosis of mite allergy.

The recently developed CAST-ELISA method was applied to determine allergen-induced leukocyte stimulation. This method is based on the measurement of sulfidoleukotriene secretion by peripheral blood leukocytes stimulated with specific allergen in the presence of interleukin 3.23 patients allergic to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus were included in this study. All subjects received no medication 2 weeks before the testing. Leukocytes were isolated by dextran sedimentation. After incubation with allergen the cells were centrifuged and the concentration of sulfidoleukotrienes in supernatant was determined. The results were expressed in pg/ml after subtracting the values of spontaneous sulfidoleukotriene production in portions incubated without allergen. We observed a wide range of sulfidoleukotriene secretion upon allergen stimulation. Concentrations of leukotrienes ranged from 0 to 3440 pg/ml. The mean level in the whole group was 1521.3 pg/ml at the optimal allergen concentration. Positive results were observed in 21 subjects. In 2 subjects we could not demonstrate leukotriene secretion by stimulation with allergen. 15 healthy control subjects were also included in this study. 12 subjects had negative skin prick tests (SPT) as well as CAST results. In 2 healthy subjects with positive SPT, we also observed positive CAST results. However, leukotriene secretion was lower than 300 pg/ml in these subjects. We conclude that CAST-ELISA is a valuable method for determining the allergic status in patients with mite allergy.

Allergens↗