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At least 1,153 records · Page 64Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Current events and bioethical concerns in physician-assisted death.

In June 1997, the Supreme Court of the United States found that the Constitution does not guarantee a right to physician-assisted suicide, thereby allowing states the opportunity to variously prohibit or permit such practice. The Court's findings notwithstanding, physician-assisted death remains a topic of intense medical, legal and philosophical discussion. Principled discourse variously supports both an ethical prohibition against assisted death and an ethical obligation to help some patients achieve death. Both theoretical and practical concerns are raised by the practice of physician-assisted death. This essay reviews recent events and developments concerning assisted suicide and euthanasia. The discussion which follows was generated by the members of the Committee on Bioethical Issues of the Medical Society of the State of New York and builds upon a previous Committee report.

Advance Directives↗
PubMed1993

Bioethics and culture: an African perspective.

The project of Bioethics seems to me to require paying attention to the cultural realities and assumptive frame of reference of different peoples. I assume that this must be one of the views of the organizers of this conference too and that this is why the idea of country reports is taken seriously. If I am right about this, then it makes sense for me to start my discussion with a very brief discussion of some aspects of the cultural realities of Africa with particular reference to the Yoruba of Nigeria. Then I will discuss how this world view raises issues for bioethics. Two aspects of people's worldview relevant to bioethical issues are their conception of the human person and their conception of cause. What they consider themselves to be, and what they consider to be the principles of causation will normally influence their attitudes to health and illness and their choices regarding health care. I will briefly discuss these issues with regard to the Yoruba worldview.

Africa↗
PubMed1999

Cross-cultural issues in European bioethics.

European biomedical ethics is often contrasted to American autonomy-based approaches, and both are usually distinguished as 'Western'. But at least three 'different voices' within European bioethics can be identified: the deontological codes of southern Europe (and Ireland), in which the patient has a positive duty to maximise his or her own health and to follow the doctor's instructions, whilst the physician is constrained more by professional norms than by patient rights; the liberal, rights-based models of Western Europe, in which the patient retains the negative right to override medical opinion, even if his or her mental capacity is in doubt; the social welfarist models of the Nordic countries, which concentrate on positive rights and entitlements to universal healthcare provision and entrust dispute resolution to non-elected administrative officials.

Bioethics↗
PubMed1982

Sex reassignment surgery: historical, bioethical, and theoretical issues.

The reported 68%-86% overall success rates for sex reassignment surgery must be viewed cautiously; the lack of long-term follow-up studies makes these statistics misleading. There is evidence suggesting that some gender dysphoric patients benefit primarily from sex reassignment surgery. Most such patients, however, are secondary transsexuals who can benefit from various modes of psychotherapy. Sex reassignment surgery should only be considered as the last resort for a highly select group of diagnosed gender dysphoric patients. As physicians learn new ways to diagnose and treat transsexualism, either sex reassignment surgery will be abandoned as a routine treatment modality or new predictive variables for choosing suitable patients for sex reassignment surgery will be established.

Ethics, Medical↗