Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Acceptance Process”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,153 records · Page 64Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

A contextual analysis of attention to chronic pain: what the patient does with their pain might be more important than their awareness or vigilance alone.

UNLABELLED: It is often believed that to feel greater pain is to experience greater effects of that pain, and that attention and awareness represent the transmission mechanism in this relationship. By implication, it is assumed that if attention and awareness can be lessened, the effects of pain will likewise reduce. Despite conceptual work and data suggesting more complex processes might indeed be in place, these long-standing and intuitively appealing ideas remain, either explicitly or implicitly, in both research and clinical applications. The purpose of this study was to compare the role of attentional processes in chronic pain with a process that is more contextual, functional, and behavior-focused, namely, acceptance. The hypothesis tested is whether it is more important to understand the amount of contact an individual has with pain, in this case awareness and vigilance to pain, or the degree of influence on behavior brought with that contact, in this case acceptance. Data from 227 patients seeking treatment for chronic pain were examined. Results from correlation analyses showed that acceptance scores achieved stronger correlations than scores for the attention variables with measures of cognitive, emotional, social, and physical functioning. When acceptance of pain was taken into account in multiple regression analyses, scores from the attention measures accounted for little or no variance in measures of patient functioning. The value of various mental, mechanical, behavior-focused, and contextual models of attention in chronic pain is discussed. PERSPECTIVE: Attention, awareness, and vigilance appear immediately applicable for understanding chronic pain. These processes, however, might be incomplete in accounting for pain-related suffering and disability. Acceptance is proposed as a process that expands the framework of attention to include varying cognitive, emotional, and social influences exerted by pain on patient behavior.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1985

Fulfillment of therapeutic tasks as a precondition for acceptance in therapy.

Giving a patient therapeutic tasks to fulfill as a precondition for his acceptance in therapy facilitates the therapeutic process. Patients' commitment to therapy is increased, initial functioning level is raised and morale is boosted. The setting of precondition-tasks may work because of the influence of therapists' positive expectations for patients' behavior. As the patient fulfills the task his own self-efficacy expectations are enhanced. Practical aspects in the implementation of this technique are considered, and cases are described.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2002

Effects of technical editing in biomedical journals: a systematic review.

CONTEXT: Technical editing supposedly improves the accuracy and clarity of journal articles. We examined evidence of its effects on research reports in biomedical journals. METHODS: Subset of a systematic review using Cochrane methods, searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, and other databases from earliest entries to February 2000 by using inclusive search terms; hand searching relevant journals. We selected comparative studies of the effects of editorial processes on original research articles between acceptance and publication in biomedical journals. Two reviewers assessed each study and performed independent data extraction. RESULTS: The 11 studies on technical editing indicate that it improves the readability of articles slightly (as measured by Gunning Fog and Flesch reading ease scores), may improve other aspects of their quality, can increase the accuracy of references and quotations, and raises the quality of abstracts. Supplying authors with abstract preparation instructions had no discernible effect. CONCLUSIONS: Considering the time and resources devoted to technical editing, remarkably little is know about its effects or the effects of imposing different house styles. Studies performed at 3 journals employing relatively large numbers of professional technical editors suggest that their editorial processes are associated with increases in readability and quality of articles, but these findings may not be generalizable to other journals.

Peer Review, Research↗
PubMed1987

[Meniscus transplantation--animal experiment study].

The possibility of repairing meniscus lesions by transplantation was studied in 30 sheep. Grafting of the meniscus was performed in 15 animals each either with lyophilised homologous menisci that had been sterilised by gamma rays, or with deep frozen homologous menisci. 27 menisci could be evaluated over a period of 48 weeks. Besides the clinical, microscopical and scanning electron microscopical evaluation, the grafts were also examined microangiographically and biomechanically. Both lyophilised and deep-freeze menisci are suitable for transplantation, but the processes of transformation of the grafts are significantly different: Whereas complete transformation takes place in the lyophilised transplant during the study period of 48 weeks, the deep-frozen transplant is accepted and heals without any remarkable transformation process to full function. Although the biomechanical stress tests yielded good stress tolerance for both types of transplants, the deep frozen homologous menisci appear to be more favourable with regard to possible clinical aspects since they do not undergo any transformation.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Co-composting of paper mill sludge and hardwood sawdust under two types of in-vessel processes.

Recycling of organic residues by composting is becoming an acceptable practice in our society. Co-composting dewatered paper mill sludge (PMS) and hardwood sawdust, two readily available materials in Canada, was investigated using uncontrolled and controlled in-vessel processes. The composted materials were characterized for total C and N, water-soluble, acid-hydrolyzable, and non-hydrolyzable N, extractable lipids, and by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectrophotometry. In the controlled scale process, the loss of organic matter was approximately 65% higher than in the uncontrolled process. After undergoing initial fluctuations in N fractions during the first two days of composting, by the end of the process, concentrations of water-soluble N decreased while those of acid-hydrolyzable and nonhydrolyzable N increased in the controlled process, whereas in the uncontrolled process, water-soluble N increased, but N in the other two fractions decreased continuously, indicating that the biochemical transformations of organic matter were not completed. Data on extractable lipids and FT-IR spectra suggest that the compost produced from the controlled process was bio-stable after 14 days, while the uncontrolled process was not stabilized after 18 days. In addition, FT-IR data suggest the biological activity during composting centered mainly on the degradation of aliphatic structures while aromatic structures were preserved. The co-composting of the PMS and hardwood sawdust can be successfully achieved if aeration, moisture, and bio available C/N ratios are optimized to reduce losses of N.

Biodegradation, Environmental↗
PubMed1990

Effect of poultry waste feeding on intake, body weight and milk yield of Holstein cows.

Forty lactating Holstein cows were fed 0, 5.9, 11.7, or 17.4% processed poultry excreta in total mixed rations. The effect of treatment was evaluated on feed intake, BW, milk yield, and composition. Processes poultry excreta appeared to be well accepted by cows even when included in rations at 17.4% of total DM. Mean DM intake averaged 19.3, 19.7, 19.5, and 19.7 kg/d for cows fed 0, 5.9, 11.7, and 17.4% processed poultry excreta, respectively. Body weight change averaged 2.0, 1.7, -1.7, and 1.4 kg/wk from 90 to 180 d of lactation for cows fed from 0 to 17.4% processed poultry excreta, respectively. Fat-corrected milk (4%) yield was similar among treatment groups, averaging 24.2, 26.1, 24.6, and 25.1 kg/d for cows fed 0, 5.9, 11.7, and 17.4% processed poultry excreta. No differences were found for milk and fat yields of percentage fat among treatment means. No off flavors in milk could be attributed to processed poultry excreta added to feed. Processed poultry excreta fed up to 17.4% of total mixed rations supported both adequate feed intake and high milk yields of mid-lactation cows.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2003

A workflow model for adapting e-charts in specialty clinics.

Modeling of health professionals' activities and matching of these processes to applied information technologies are necessary for acceptance and optimal utilization of a clinical information system. The overall objective of this study was to describe the different processes involved in current clinical practice of neurologists and to estimate the extent by which these processes are standardised across neurologists. Results from this study will be used to optimise the deployment of a stroke e-record and provide insight on some of the characteristics that will need to be addressed.

Ambulatory Care Facilities↗
PubMed2000

Processing coordinate structures.

Coordination often involves syntactically like categories. Based on the results of four reading time studies, it is argued here that the syntactic like-category restriction is not grammatical. Coordination of unlike categories can be just as acceptable as coordination of like categories. However, syntactically like category coordination is processed faster than coordination of unlike categories even when the two sentence types are judged to be fully acceptable. Further, parallelism of conjuncts facilitates processing regardless of whether it is parallelism in the category of the conjuncts (a property which the grammar might regulate) or parallelism in the internal structure of the conjuncts (a property which the grammar does not regulate, on anyone's view). Parallelism did not facilitate processing when the structure of a subject and object were manipulated, implying that parallelism effects are largely limited to the conjuncts of a coordinate structure and not due simply to the repetition of a phrase with a particular shape.

Cognition↗
PubMed2002

Developing, implementing, and evaluating a treatment protocol for rural substance abusers.

Substance abuse is a significant social and public health problem facing rural Americans. However, most treatment protocols have been developed in urban areas. This article describes the development, implementation, and evaluation of an innovative substance abuse treatment designed with the collaboration of rural professionals and consumers specifically for rural clients and delivered by rural clinicians. Results of the process evaluation of Structured Behavioral Outpatient Rural Therapy (SBORT) produced findings about the experiences of participating clients, clinicians, and program directors. Most clients perceived SBORT as a helpful learning process that used multiple treatment strategies and presented an alternative to 12-step programs. Clients also reported that treatment was stressful even when beneficial, and that clinician support was critical for remaining in treatment. Most clinicians found that SBORT challenged their "old" treatment frameworks, was demanding to learn and adopt, and that the training and supervision involved in the project implementation helped remedy rural isolation from the treatment community. Interestingly, agency approach to program implementation strongly influenced clinician responses to the innovation. Agency program directors' appraisals of SBORT included observations that the therapy was viable because of its rural-specific design and that most staff were able to adapt to the changes demanded by the manualized protocol. All three groups reported that they saw the emphasis and acceptance of motivation as an emergent process as important to the treatment. This project highlighted the challenge and importance of testing rural substance abuse treatment protocols in naturalistic settings.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1995

Immunological non-responsiveness and acquisition of tolerance in relation to immune privilege in the eye.

Immune privilege is a dynamic, physiological process that enables the eye to accept foreign tissue grafts in an unprecedented fashion. Privilege is actively acquired and maintained by immune regulatory forces that represent an important form of antigen-specific immunological tolerance. Privilege in the eye results from eye-dependent modifications in the induction (afferent limb) and expression (efferent limb) of immunity to intraocular antigens. The eye-dependent features that are important in privilege include integrity of the blood-ocular barrier, the virtual absence of lymphatics, an afferent drainage pathway that is almost exclusively via the blood vasculature, and an immunosuppressive intraocular microenvironment. This microenvironment is comprised of a variety of cytokines and neuropeptides that (1) impair antigen-driven activation of primed and alloreactive T cells, (2) suppress effector functions of activated macrophages, and (3) modify the antigen processing and presenting properties of indigenous, bone-marrow-derived professional antigen presenting cells. Eye-derived antigenic signals, which escape when local antigen presenting cells migrate via the blood to the spleen, selectively activate regulatory T cells that impair the development of antigen-specific delayed hypersensitivity and complement fixing antibodies, a phenomenon termed anterior chamber associated immune deviation (ACAID). ACAID has been implicated in the extraordinary success of orthotopic corneal allografts, as well as the prolonged intraocular survival enjoyed by transplants of retinal tissues. The active features of immune privilege can be exploited to secure successful corneal and retinal transplantation.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Simultaneous utilization of acetate and hydrogen by Geobacter sulfurreducens and implications for use of hydrogen as an indicator of redox conditions.

Dissolved hydrogen concentrations, in conjunction with other geochemical indicators, are becoming an accepted means to determine terminal electron acceptor processes (TEAPs) in groundwater aquifers. Aqueous hydrogen concentrations have been found to fall within specific ranges under methanogenic, sulfate-reducing, iron-reducing, and denitrification conditions. Although hydrogen is gaining in acceptance for determining subsurface TEAPs, there is a dearth of data with regards to the kinetic coefficients for hydrogen utilization in the presence or absence of an additional electron donor under different TEAPs. This study expands the kinetic data for hydrogen utilization through a series of batch experiments, which were conducted to study the utilization of acetate and hydrogen by Geobacter sulfurreducens under iron-reducing conditions. The results of these experiments indicate that the kinetic coefficients (cell yield and first-order degradation rate) describing the rate of hydrogen utilization by G. sulfurreducens under iron-reducing conditions correlate energetically with the coefficients found in previous experiments under methanogenic and sulfate-reducing conditions. In addition, with acetate and hydrogen as simultaneous electron donors, there is slight inhibition between the two electron donors for G. sulfurreducens, and this can be modeled through competitive inhibition terms in the classic Monod formulation. Finally, a key result of this study is that the TEAP-dependent hydrogen concentration in aquifers is not related solely to the microbial kinetics of the hydrogen-consuming organisms as previously suggested but is affected by the multi-substrate kinetics of hydrogen being consumed simultaneously with other electron donors as well as the availability of the electron acceptor.

Acetates↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The use of computers for clinical care: a case series of advanced U.S. sites.

OBJECTIVE: To describe advanced clinical information systems in the context in which they have been implemented and are being used. DESIGN: Case series of five U.S. hospitals, including inpatient, ambulatory and emergency units. Descriptive study with data collected from interviews, observations, and document analysis. MEASUREMENTS: The use of computerized results, notes, orders, and event monitors and the type of decision support; data capture mechanisms and data form; impact on clinician satisfaction and clinical processes and outcomes; and the organizational factors associated with successful implementation. RESULTS: All sites have implemented a wide range of clinical information systems with extensive decision support. The systems had been well accepted by clinicians and have improved clinical processes. Successful implementation required leadership and long-term commitment, a focus on improving clinical processes, and gaining clinician involvement and maintaining productivity. CONCLUSION: Despite differences in approach there are many similarities between sites in the clinical information systems in use and the factors important to successful implementation. The experience of these sites may provide a valuable guide for others who are yet to start, or are just beginning, the implementation of clinical information systems.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2006

A systematic review of the literature on home monitoring for patients with heart failure.

We conducted a systematic review of the literature for assessing the value of home monitoring for heart failure (HF) patients. The abstracts of 383 articles were read. We excluded those in which either no home monitoring was done or only the technical aspects of the telemedicine application were described. Forty-two studies met the selection criteria. We classified the results into feasibility (technical and institutional) and impact (on the clinical process, on patient health, on accessibility and acceptability of the health system, and on the economy). Evaluating the articles showed that home monitoring in HF patients is viable, given that: (1) it appears to be technically effective for following the patient remotely; (2) it appears to be easy to use, and it is widely accepted by patients and health professionals; and (3) it appears to be economically viable. Furthermore, home monitoring of HF patients has been shown to have a positive impact on: (1) the clinical process, supported by a significant improvement of patient follow-up by adjustment of treatment, diet or behaviour, as well as hospital readmissions and emergency visits reduction; (2) the patient's health, supported by a relevant improvement in quality of life, a reduction of days in hospital, and a decrease in mortality; and (3) costs resulting from the use of health resources.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Determination of in-process limits during parenteral solution manufacturing using Monte Carlo Simulation.

The purpose of this study is to utilize Monte Carlo Simulation methodology to determine the in-process limits for the parenteral solution manufacturing process. The Monte Carlo Simulation predicts the distribution of a dependable variable (such as drug concentration) in a naturally occurring process through random value generation considering the variability associated with the depended variable. The propagation of variation in drug concentration from batch to batch is cascading in nature during the following four formulation steps: 1) determination of drug raw material potency (or purity), 2) weighing of drug raw material, 3) measurement of batch volume, and 4) determination of drug concentration in the mix tank. The coefficients of variation for these four steps are denoted as CV1, CV2, CV3, and CV4, respectively. The Monte Carlo Simulation was performed for each of the above four cascading steps. The results of the simulation demonstrate that the in-process limits of the drug can be successfully determined using the Monte Carlo Simulation. Once the specification limits are determined, the Monte Carlo Simulation can be used to study the effect of each variability on the percent out of specification limits (OOL) for the in-process testing. Demonstrations were performed using the acceptance criterion of less than 5% of OOL batches, and the typical values of CV2 and CV3 being equal to 0.03% and 0.5%, respectively. The results show that for the in-process limits of +/- 1%, the values of CV1 and CV4 should not be greater than 0.1%. These assay requirements appear to be difficult to achieve for a given chemical analytical method. By comparison, for the In-process limits of +/- 4%, the requirements are much easier to achieve. The values of CV1 and CV4 should not be greater than 1.38%. In addition, the relationship between the percent OOL versus CV1 or CV4 is nonlinear per se. The number of OOL batches increases rapidly with increasing variability of CV1 or CV4.

Chemistry, Pharmaceutical↗
PubMed2001

Direct observation of hole transfer through DNA by hopping between adenine bases and by tunnelling.

The function of DNA during oxidative stress and its suitability as a potential building block for molecular devices depend on long-distance transfer of electrons and holes through the molecule, yet many conflicting measurements of the efficiency of this process have been reported. It is accepted that charges are transported over long distances through a multistep hopping reaction; this 'G-hopping' involves positive charges moving between guanines (Gs), the DNA bases with the lowest ionization potential. But the mechanism fails to explain the persistence of efficient charge transfer when the guanine sites are distant, where transfer rates do not, as expected, decrease rapidly with transfer distance. Here we show experimentally that the rate of charge transfer between two guanine bases decreases with increasing separation only if the guanines are separated by no more than three base pairs; if more bridging base pairs are present, the transfer rates exhibit only a weak distance dependence. We attribute this distinct change in the distance dependence of the rate of charge transfer through DNA to a shift from coherent superexchange charge transfer (tunnelling) at short distances to a process mediated by thermally induced hopping of charges between adenine bases (A-hopping) at long distances. Our results confirm theoretical predictions of this behaviour, emphasizing that seemingly contradictory observations of a strong as well as a weak influence of distance on DNA charge transfer are readily explained by a change in the transfer mechanism.

Adenine↗
PubMed2001

The integral role of topical and oral retinoids in the early treatment of acne.

This article will review the rationale for early use of topical retinoids alone or in combination with topical antimicrobials in light of the pathogenesis of microcomedones and later lesions. Knowledge of the pathogenic processes in acne vulgaris has risen dramatically over the last three decades. It is now widely accepted that acne is the result of four distinct processes: increased proliferation, cornification, and shedding of follicular epithelium; increased sebum production; colonization of the follicle with Propionibacterium acnes; and induction of inflammatory responses by bacterial antigens and cell signals. Clinical focus of disease management has shifted toward earlier treatment targeting these fundamental processes. Elimination of microcomedones, the precursor to all subsequent lesions, would optimize acne therapy by preventing the later inflammatory stages of disease. With the exception of oral isotretinoin, no single first-line agent addresses all pathogenic mechanisms. Topical retinoids have comedolytic and in some cases anti-inflammatory effects, but have no direct impact on P. acnes. Thus treatment with a combination of topical retinoid and topical antimicrobial is warranted. The former can also enhance penetration of the latter by increasing microcomedonal extrusion. In selecting a combination, one must consider efficacy, cost, and likelihood of compliance. Once thought to be effective primarily for treating comedones, topical retinoids have also been demonstrated to be effective in reducing inflammatory lesions. The activity of a topical retinoid combined with an antimicrobial agent has been shown to clear more lesions and to clear them more rapidly than antimicrobial therapy alone. Topical retinoids are also used effectively to maintain remissions.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed2004

Coping through emotional approach: a new look at emotion, coping, and health-related outcomes.

Researchers studying stress and coping processes have attempted to identify which coping strategies are most adaptive in stressful encounters. A generally accepted conclusion has been that emotion-focused coping processes are associated with dysfunctional outcomes. Studies from our and other research teams challenge the "bad reputation" of emotion-focused coping by demonstrating that items measuring emotion-focused strategies in published coping questionnaires are confounded with distress and self-deprecation. We have developed and validated new instruments to assess coping though acknowledging, understanding, and expressing emotion, that is, coping through emotional approach. Longitudinal and experimental studies using these new scales have documented the adaptive potential of emotional-approach coping in the context of several types of stressors, including infertility, breast cancer, and chronic pain. However, characteristics of the environmental context, stressful experience, and individual are important moderators of the relations of emotional-approach coping and health-related outcomes. Potential mediators and moderators of coping through emotional approach, clinical relevance of the construct, and directions for research are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1984

The functional role of the visceral nervous system. A critical evaluation of Cannon's "homeostatic" and "emergency" theories.

Cannon's view of the sympatico-adrenal system's functional role, the homeostatic concept and model, has been reexamined. The living being is an "open system" in which homeostasis, constancy of the internal psycho-chemical conditions, is essential for survival. This constancy is threatened by endangering stimuli. To safeguard it, physiological regulatory processes, work for stability, utility, and coordination: the body is wise. Along this teleological view, the sympathetic nervous system is the most important homeostatic agent. Sympathectomized animals, however, showed no evidence of instability of the fluid matrix. Cannon concluded that the sympathetic system is not essential for life and in emergency function is its main value for the individual. Homeostatic and emergency theory, when analyzed, reveal profoundly contradictory aspects. Emergency function cannot be interpreted homeostatically, because, in emergencies, is the sympathetic system which promotes changes, rather than resists them. Sympathectomized animals do not lack constancy of the fluid matrix; they lack rather the possibility to compensate, along patterns of responses, the internal organization of the visceral apparatus. In strong emotional reactions, moreover, it is the sympathetic system itself which may induce marked derangements in visceral function that damage the organism's stability. The a priori accepted view that all physiological regulatory processes, by necessity, work for the welfare of the body - the teleological explanation - masked the experimental evidence. The conclusion is drawn that homeostatic and emergency theories described only in part the functional role of the sympathetic nervous system in all its possible functional expressions.

Adrenal Medulla↗