Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “ABDOMEN”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,153 records · Page 64Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

The action of spike frequency adaptation in the postural motoneurons of hermit crab abdomen during the first phase of reflex activation.

Cuticular strain associated with support of the shell of the hermit crab, Pagurus pollicarus, by its abdomen activates mechanoreceptors that evoke a stereotyped reflex in postural motoneurons. This reflex consists of three phases: a brief high-frequency burst of motoneuron spikes, a pause, and a much longer duration but lower frequency period of spiking. These phases are correlated with a rapid increase in muscle force followed by a slight decline to a level of tone that is greater than that at rest but less than maximal. The present experiments address the mechanisms underlying the transition from the first to second phase of the reflex and their role in force generation. Although centrally generated inhibitory post-synaptic potentials (IPSPS) are present during the pause period of the reflex, intracellular current injection of motoneurons reveals a spike frequency adaptation that rapidly and substantially reduces motoneuron firing frequency and is unchanged in saline that reduces synaptic transmission. The adaptation is voltage sensitive and persists for several hundred milliseconds upon repolarization. Hyperpolarization partially restores the initial response of the motoneuron to depolarizing current. Spike frequency adaptation and synaptic inhibition are important mechanisms in the generation of force that maintains abdominal stiffness at a constant, submaximal level.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed2002

Renal artery to inferior vena cava fistula following gunshot wound to the abdomen.

Traumatic fistula involving the renal artery and IVC is a rare event, and typically is a result of penetrating injury. A case of right renal artery to IVC fistula following a gunshot wound to the abdomen is reported, and illustrates the significant hemodynamic changes that accompany these fistulae. We also emphasize the importance of thorough initial exploration of retroperitoneal hematomas following penetrating trauma, and review management options in the treatment of renal arteriovenous fistulae.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed2005

Delayed development of a traumatic superior mesenteric arteriovenous fistula following multiple gunshot wounds to the abdomen.

Traumatic visceral arteriovenous fistulae are rare and pose a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. We present the case of a 20-year-old male who sustained multiple gunshot wounds to the abdomen, injuring the inferior vena cava, duodenum, stomach, and small bowel. The patient was taken emergently to the operating room for repair of his injuries, which required primary small bowel repair, duodenal repair, and inferior vena cava ligation due to exigent hemorrhage. At the initial operation there was a normal pulse in the superior mesenteric artery at the base of the small bowel mesentery, with no evidence of hematoma or thrill in the small bowel mesentery. The patient was subsequently returned to the operating room several times for bowel exploration and abdominal wall closure with mesh. Ten days after his initial injury, the patient was noted to have an abdominal bruit on physical exam. Arteriography demonstrated a fistula between the proximal superior mesenteric artery and vein with significant portal hypertension. The patient underwent surgical repair of the superior mesenteric artery and vein with closure of the fistula. The patient had no further complications and was discharged from the hospital 1 month later, after abdominal wall skin grafting, in good condition. The patient remains in good health 12 months later. Continued vigilance and careful physical examination are important in the identification of delayed vascular injuries and allow timely treatment and avoidance of untoward long-term sequelae.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed2002

Evaluation of prosthetic mesh closure in semiopen-abdomen patients.

BACKGROUND: To avoid the adverse consequences of abdominal compartment syndrome and to reduce the high mortality the celiotomy wound in patients with abdominal sepsis was closed without tension using prosthetic mesh. This produces a semiopen situation that permits staged reinterventions together with the functional reconstitution of the continuity of the abdominal wall. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-five patients with intra-abdominal sepsis of various causes were evaluated retrospectively to assess the results of semiopen management of the septic abdomen and reoperations on demand in severe peritonitis. All of the patients were in a state of neglected peritonitis, and had at least one failing organ system. The Mannheim Peritonitis Index (MPI) scoring system was used for stratification of abdominal sepsis. RESULTS: The mean MPI score of 25 patients was 24, ranging 10 to 33. Eight (32%) patients were reexplored (MPI=21). There were overall 9 (36%) complications in patients with mean MPI score of 23. Six (24%) mesh-related complications (infection and enterocutaneous fistulas) developed (MPI=19). The mean MPI score of patients without complications was 24. Four (16%) patients died with index MPI score of 26 due to fulminant hepatitis, myocardial infarction, and multiple organ failure. The admission period averaged 63 days. CONCLUSIONS: In 25 critically ill patients with abdominal sepsis the mortality was lower than expected, relative to heterogeneous data from the literature; also, major complications occurred less frequently although the mean MPI score was high. The authors conclude that this approach is a reliable contribution to the complex treatment of these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors and leiomyosarcoma of the abdomen and retroperitoneum: a clinical comparison.

INTRODUCTION: The present study was undertaken to define the clinical differences between leiomyosarcomas (LMS) occurring within the abdomen and retroperitoneum and gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). METHODS: It was a retrospective, single-institution review of patients treated for intra-abdominal and retroperitoneal GIST and LMS from July 1, 1982 through August 1, 1999. RESULTS: A total of 561 patients, 239 with GIST and 322 with LMS, were identified. Patients with GIST were older, with a median age of 58 years versus 54 years in the LMS group (P < .01). The majority of patients with GIST were male (58%), whereas 68% of LMS patients (excluding gender-specific sites) were female (P < .01). The 5-year disease-specific survival for GIST and LMS were 28% and 29%, respectively. The presentation status and ability to achieve a complete surgical resection were the main independent predictors of outcome for both GIST and LMS. Local and distant recurrence was common in both. The pattern of distant recurrence differed: 50% of all first-site GIST recurrences involved the liver, whereas 30% of all LMS first-site recurrences involved the lungs. CONCLUSIONS: Although the two patient populations appear to be distinct, their clinical courses are similar. The pattern of distant spread follows the known patterns of hematogenous dissemination. Complete surgical resection is the cornerstone of treatment for primary GIST and LMS and in selected patients with local and distant recurrence.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1993

Abdominal wall fat index, estimated by ultrasonography, for assessment of the ratio of visceral fat to subcutaneous fat in the abdomen.

PURPOSE: To establish a new index of regional fat distribution using ultrasonography for assessment of the ratio of the visceral fat area (V) to the subcutaneous fat area (S) (V/S ratio). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The subjects examined were 62 patients (23 males and 39 females); 51 patients had hyperlipidemia and 11 patients had glucose intolerance. The mean body mass indices ranged from 20.3 to 42.9. The mean age of the patients was 44 +/- 13 years. The thicknesses of the preperitoneal fat layer (P) and subcutaneous fat layer (S) in the abdomen were measured by ultrasonography and the P/S ratio was calculated. The V/S ratio was obtained with radiographic computed tomography. RESULTS: Of the various P/S ratios examined, the ratio of the maximum thickness of preperitoneal fat to the minimum thickness of subcutaneous fat was most closely correlated with the V/S ratio (r = 0.746, p < 0.0001). This ratio was termed the abdominal wall fat index (AFI). AFI was positively correlated with serum triglyceride levels and negatively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = -0.312, p < 0.05), whereas the V/S ratio was correlated with triglyceride levels. AFI was positively correlated with basal insulin levels in both men and women. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that AFI measured by ultrasonography may be a new indicator of visceral fat deposition, and may reflect metabolic disorders such as lipid metabolism and glucose metabolism disorders.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1980

The role of peritoneal lavage in the management of stab wounds to the abdomen.

In a 2 year period, 237 patients presented with stab wounds to the lower chest and anterior abdomen. Ninety-six patients were discharged from the emergency room after negative findings on wound exploration. There were no apparent missed injuries but two wound infections in this group for an overall morbidity of 2.1 percent. One hundred forty-one patients underwent exploratory laparotomy. Seventy-seven required emergency laparatomy because of hemodynamic signs of blood loss or peritonitis. Sixty-four patients whose only indication for laparotomy was penetration of the anterior abdominal wall fascia by local wound exploration underwent peritoneal lavage before laparotomy. If 50,000 red blood cells/mm3 in the lavage fluid had been used to select patients for observation, the incidence of negative laparotomy would have been reduced from 58 to 3.2 percent, and only one significant visceral injury would have been missed.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1984

Penetrating stab injuries of the chest and abdomen.

A retrospective review was carried out of 100 consecutive patients with penetrating stab injuries of the chest and/or abdomen, requiring admission to hospital. Laparotomies were performed in 44 patients, while a further 7 were subjected to thoracotomy. Only 1 patient died, and this was a case of combined thoraco-abdominal injury. There was an annual increase in the numbers of such injuries, which were particularly prevalent in young, unemployed persons, often under the influence of alcohol.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1985

Self-inflicted shotgun wounds of the abdomen.

Three cases of self-inflicted wounds of the abdomen caused by a long-barrelled shotgun are described. The difficulties encountered and the appropriate surgical management are discussed.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1994

Esophageal atresia: a new anatomic variant with gasless abdomen.

Until this study, 20 pathological-anatomic variants of esophageal atresia with a blind upper pouch and a distal tracheoesophageal fistula (type IIIb according to Vogt) had been described. The authors observed another variant, with the following characteristics: (1) an abnormally long lower segment that entered the trachea in the region of the upper thoracic aperture, (2) a long atretic proximal portion of the lower segment, and (3) an additional membrane in the lower segment. After resection of the atretic part of the lower segment and excision of the membrane, a primary anastomosis could be performed. This variant of type IIIb is characterized by a gasless abdomen.

Air↗
PubMed1990

Disorders of the fetal thorax and abdomen.

Many disorders of the fetal thorax and abdomen can be evaluated using ultrasound. Even when a definitive diagnosis cannot be made prenatally, sonography can provide valuable clinical information regarding the nature and location of the abnormality, associated anomalies, and the presence of secondary complications. An awareness of these disorders and their sonographic appearance is important to impact upon obstetrical management and overall prognosis.

Digestive System Abnormalities↗
PubMed1995

EWS and WT-1 gene fusion in desmoplastic small round cell tumor of the abdomen.

Chromosome translocations found in neoplasms often result in the creation of hybrid genes encoding chimeric proteins. This case study describes a patient with desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) of the abdomen, an aggressive neoplasm characterized by translocation of chromosomes 11 and 22. Southern hybridization showed that the Ewing sarcoma gene (EWS) gene was rearranged in the DSRCT. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis of tumor cell RNA revealed that exons 1 to 7 of the EWS gene were joined to exons 8 to 10 of the Wilms' Tumor-1 (WT-1) gene resulting in the production of a chimeric message. The WT-1 and EWS genes encode DNA and RNA binding proteins involved in Wilms' tumor and Ewing sarcoma pathogenesis, respectively. The fusion of these two genes in DSRCT results in the production of a putatively oncogenic protein composed of the zinc finger DNA binding domains of WT-1 linked to potential transcriptional regulatory domains of EWS. DNA sequencing revealed the genomic breakpoints of translocation on chromosomes 11 and 22. The genomic breakpoint on chromosome 22 occurred in EWS intron 7 just 2 nucleotides 3' of exon 7. Polymerase chain reaction-based assays were developed that could detect the fused genes in the DSRCT tumor using either RNA or genomic DNA. The potential diagnostic use of these assays is discussed.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1980

Sonolucencies in fetal and infant abdomen: implications for management.

The increased use of prenatal and antenatal ultrasonography will detect predictably abnormalities of fetal and infant anatomy not assessed or suspected previously. Three cases are presented illustrating similar ultrasonographic findings with different diagnoses and prognoses, and comparisons are made with other cases reported in the literature. Caution should be used in interpreting sonolucencies in fetal and infant abdomen to be diagnostic of a particular defect since further studies are required to define properly the specific abnormality so that proper treatment can be instituted.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1983

Treatment of intraperitoneal metastatic adenocarcinoma of the endometrium by the whole-abdomen moving-strip technique and pelvic boost irradiation.

Between October 1961, and November 1978, 31 patients with intraperitoneal metastatic adenocarcinoma of the endometrium were treated by whole-abdomen moving-strip technique and pelvic boost irradiation. In 27 patients, with residual disease less than or equal to 2 cm, the corrected 5-year survival rate was 80%. The absolute 5-year survival rate was 63%. Within this group of 27 patients, the favorable prognostic trends were Stage III, incidental findings, and age less than 50 years. Tumor-reductive surgery to 2 cm or less residual disease was beneficial. Only one patient required operative correction for a complication of radiotherapy. The four patients who had residual disease greater than 2-cm disease died from tumor.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1992

Homeotic genes of the Bithorax complex repress limb development in the abdomen of the Drosophila embryo through the target gene Distal-less.

Homeotic genes encode transcription factors that are thought to specify segmental identity by regulating expression of subordinate genes. Limb development is repressed in the abdominal segments of the Drosophila embryo by the hometic genes of the Bithorax complex (BX-C). Localized expression of the homeobox gene Distal-less (DII) is required for leg development in thoracic segments. We have identified a minimal cis-regulatory enhancer element that directs DII expression in the larval leg primordia. We present evidence that the BX-C proteins repress DII expression in abdominal segments by binding to a small number of specific sites in this element. Mutating these sites eliminates BX-C protein binding and renders the element insensitive to BX-C-mediated repression in vivo. Repression of limb development in the abdomen appears to be controlled at the DII enhancer. Thus DII may serve as a downstream target gene through which the homeotic genes control abdominal segment identity in the Drosophila embryo.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1977

High activity of NADP-dependent malic enzyme in mitochondria from abdomen muscle of the crayfish Orconectes limosus.

1. Mitochondria isolated from abdomen muscle of crayfish Orconectes limosus exhibit malic enzyme activity in the presence of L-malate, NADP and Mn2+ ions after addition of Triton X-100. Under optimal conditions about 230 nmole of reduced NADP and an equivalent amount of pyruvate are produced per min per mg of mitochondrial protein. 2. The pH optimum for decarboxylation of L-malate is about 7.5. 3. The apparent Km for L-malate, NADP and Mn2+ ions was found to be 0.66, 0.012, and 0.0025 mM, respectively. 4. The requirement for Mn2+ can be replaced by Mg2+, Co2+ and Ni2+ ions; however, higher concentrations of these ions than Mn2+ are required for a full stimulation of malic enzyme activity. 5. Oxaloacetate and pyruvate inhibited the enzyme activity in a competitive manner with apparent Ki values of 0.05 mM and 5.4 mM, respectively.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1978

Efficacy of computed tomography of the abdomen--early results.

Our experience with 153 CT scans of the abdomen and pelvis over the first eight months of availability at our institution has been analyzed. The efficacy in terms of contribution to the diagnosis in each patient was assessed and accuracy determined. CT was found to have made a significant contribution to the diagnosis in patients with diseases of the pancreas, aorta, retroperitoneal structures, and in cases of abdominal and pelvic masses and abcesses. It has been somewhat less helpful in evaluation of liver and renal diseases. Overall, CT scanning appears to be a significant new diagnostic modality in the evaluation of patients with abdominal and pelvic diseases.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Assessing resectability of lung cancer: the role of computed tomography of the mediastinum, upper abdomen and head.

In order to assess the value of computed tomography (CT) of the mediastinum, upper abdomen and head in the assessment of resectability of lung cancer, the CT findings of 262 patients, of whom 198 underwent thoracotomy, were analyzed retrospectively and the stagings obtained at CT and thoracotomy were compared. Mediastinal CT reliably predicted resectability when there was no evidence of mediastinal involvement. However, it was often impossible to determine whether tumour with apparent mediastinal infiltration on CT was resectable or not. The sole finding of lymph node enlargement did not permit differentiation of benign from malignant lymphadenopathy when the lymph node diameter was less than 25 mm and the lymphadenopathy was confined to one lymph node station. Upper abdominal metastases were found in 6.1% and brain metastases in 4.6% of patients and neither the histological type nor other features of the tumour were found to be useful predictors of their presence. The large number of non-specific findings decreased the utility of abdominal CT. The appropriate strategy for the pre-operative evaluation of patients with lung cancer is discussed.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗