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Results for “modularity”

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At least 1,135 records · Page 63Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

HELEN, a modular framework for representing and implementing clinical practice guidelines.

OBJECTIVES: In order to implement clinical practice guidelines for the Department of Neonatology of the Heidelberg University Medical Center we developed a modular framework consisting of tools for authoring, browsing and executing encoded clinical practice guidelines (CPGs). METHODS: Based upon a comprehensive analysis of literature, we set up requirements for guideline representation systems. Additionally, we analyzed further aspects such as the critical appraisal and known bridges and barriers for implementing CPGs. Thereafter we went through an evolutionary spiral model to develop a comprehensive ontology. Within this model each cycle focuses on a certain topic of management and implementation of CPGs. RESULTS: In order to bring the resulting ontology into practice we developed a framework consisting of a tool for authoring, a server for web-based browsing, and an engine for the execution of certain elements of CPGs. Based upon this framework we encoded and implemented several CPGs in varying medical domains. CONCLUSIONS: This paper shall present a practical framework for both authors and implementers of CPGs. We have shown the fruitful combination of different knowledge representations such as narrative text and algorithm for implementing CPGs. Finally, we introduced a possible approach for the explicit adaptation of CPGs in order to provide institution-specific recommendations and to support sharing with other medical institutions.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed2004

A modular suite of hardware enabling spaceflight cell culture research.

BioServe Space Technologies, a NASA Research Partnership Center (RPC), has developed and operated various middeck payloads launched on 23 shuttle missions since 1991 in support of commercial space biotechnology projects. Modular cell culture systems are contained within the Commercial Generic Bioprocessing Apparatus (CGBA) suite of flight-qualified hardware, compatible with Space Shuttle, SPACEHAB, Spacelab and International Space Station (ISS) EXPRESS Rack interfaces. As part of the CGBA family, the Isothermal Containment Module (ICM) incubator provides thermal control, data acquisition and experiment manipulation capabilities, including accelerometer launch detection for automated activation and thermal profiling for culture incubation and sample preservation. The ICM can accommodate up to 8 individually controlled temperature zones. Command and telemetry capabilities allow real-time downlink of data and video permitting remote payload operation and ground control synchronization. Individual cell culture experiments can be accommodated in a variety of devices ranging from 'microgravity test tubes' or standard 100 mm Petri dishes, to complex, fed-batch bioreactors with automated culture feeding, waste removal and multiple sample draws. Up to 3 levels of containment can be achieved for chemical fixative addition, and passive gas exchange can be provided through hydrophobic membranes. Many additional options exist for designing customized hardware depending on specific science requirements.

Bioreactors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Theoretical and semantic aspects of the modular physiological adaptation.

Adaptation is a fundamental concept in biology. The use of this notion in physiology presents a special problem, on the one hand, due to its widespread application to practically all physiologic phenomena of organic economy, on the other hand, because there is no formal definition providing a demarcation between adaptive processes and secondary processes without relating them with adaptation. Therefore, the objective of this work is to formalize a modular definition of adaptation that allows a differentiation between adaptive processes and non adaptive ones. I conclude that the use of the concept of 'module' in the definition of adaptation makes it possible to demarcate adaptive processes. Furthermore, the proposed definition lets us eliminate the use of notions such as those of 'features' and 'characteristics' and solve a methodological problem encountered at organizational levels.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2003

LOGOS: a modular Bayesian model for de novo motif detection.

The complexity of the global organization and internal structures of motifs in higher eukaryotic organisms raises significant challenges for motif detection techniques. To achieve successful de novo motif detection it is necessary to model the complex dependencies within and among motifs and incorporate biological prior knowledge. In this paper, we present LOGOS, an integrated LOcal and GlObal motif Sequence model for biopolymer sequences, which provides a principled framework for developing, modularizing, extending and computing expressive motif models for complex biopolymer sequence analysis. LOGOS consists of two interacting submodels: HMDM, a local alignment model capturing biological prior knowledge and positional dependence within the motif local structure; and HMM, a global motif distribution model modeling frequencies and dependencies of motif occurrences. Model parameters can be fit using training motifs within an empirical Bayesian framework. A variational EM algorithm is developed for de novo motif detection. LOGOS improves over existing models that ignore biological priors and dependencies in motif structures and motif occurrences, and demonstrates superior performance on both semi-realistic test data and cis-regulatory sequences from yeast and Drosophila sequences with regard to sensitivity, specificity, flexibility and extensibility.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2006

Modular principles solve design dilemma.

A modular solution from manufacturer Wernick Buildings provided Taplins Childcare Department at the Western Community Hospital, Southampton City Primary Care Trust, with additional capacity without compromising the funding-constrained project time frame.

Child↗
PubMed2006

From molecular to modular cardiology. How to interpret the millions of data that came out from large scale analysis of gene expression?

Cell biology is in transition from reductionism, to a more integrated science which is now preoccupied by molecular interactions acting in modules. Large-scale quantitative analysis of gene expression, including cDNA microarrays and proteomic analysis, is now applied to heart failure and atherosclerosis. The technology is still at the beginning and is limited by variations in the array platforms and gene products as well as sensitivity or specificity of the selected probes. These limitations are progressively going to be reduced, but still they do exist. Biological systems are scale free networks made from genes, proteins or traits that interact one another and form networks and functional modules. Networks emerge through the addition of new nodes which are preferentially attached to more connected nodes to form hubs, according to the "rich-gets-richer" mechanism, and there are large networks which include central genes (nexus). Both hubs and nexus are attractive candidate for targeting new therapy. An important study from King JY et al. (Physiol Genomics 2005; 23: 103-18) exemplifies this concept by showing the first realistic pathways to understand atherosclerosis. The 4 steps of the design are based on histological grading and microarrays analysis and include an association network constructed from PubMed and the construction of sub-networks in which genes whose expression was differentially regulated were indicated. Connectivity analysis networks revealed new important modular pathways. In heart failure, no attempts have been made to organize the data into functional modulus. Since the causes of heart failure are well documented, the problem is to identify functional modules responsible for myocardial dysfunction. Several potential functional modules can be identified so far. Indeed, cardiac remodeling results from two types of changes in gene expression, namelly the reexpression of the foetal programme which has a mechanical origin and several well documented interfering determinants that modified the basic remodelling, including senescence, obesity, diabetes, ischemia, and the neurohormonal reaction.

Coronary Artery Disease↗
PubMed1991

Unicompartmental replacement with the Marmor Modular knee: operative procedure and results.

Unicompartmental arthroplasty using the Marmor Modular knee was performed in 27 knees of 24 patients--three men and 21 women--aged 51-82 years (average age 68.9 years). The disease was osteoarthritis in 19 knees, steroid arthropathy in two knees, Charcot joint in three knees, and rheumatoid arthritis in three knees. Medial replacement was done in 24 knees and lateral replacement in three knees. Follow-up was from 2-7 years (average 4 years 9 months). Post-operatively, 14 knees were reported to be free of pain and 11 only occasionally mildly painful. Walking distance improved to more than 1 km in 17 patients. The knee score improved from 40.4 to 72.2 points (p less than 0.01). Complications included two knees with loosening due to postoperative limb malalignment; there were no instances of infection or fracture.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Specialized instruments and modular implants for minimally invasive total knee arthroplasty.

To optimize the benefits potentially achievable with minimally invasive surgery (MIS) total knee arthroplasty (TKA), the surgeon must operate through a smaller incision without compromising the surgical result. Initial efforts in this regard centered on using miniaturized instruments and ancillary navigational instruments to compensate for reduced visualization. With the advent of the quadriceps-sparing approach came the side-cutting tool, which had additional applications in other MIS TKA approaches. Innovation has occurred not only in MIS TKA instrumentation but also in components, such as MIS precoated stemmed tibial implants. MIS implants are now available in modular components that can be assembled in vivo with specialized insertion and locking tools. Although clinical experience is still limited, initial experience with new instrumentation and components for MIS seems promising, and technological development continues.

Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee↗
PubMed2006

Total knee arthroplasty with modular rotating-platform hinge.

Third-generation modular rotating hinged knee systems are now widely available. The S-ROM rotating hinge features slotted and splined stems for torsional stability, and metaphyseal filling and loading sleeves for the bony defects encountered in revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Primary indications for a hinge include medial or lateral collateral loss, massive bone loss, and metaphysis and cortical shell, which includes collateral origins or insertions, and severe flexion gap imbalance requiring a link system for stability. Indications for a hinge in primary TKA include patients with neuromuscular deficits such as polio or flail knee, who require the hyperextension stop. Reported midterm results are excellent with no mechanical failures and positive bone remodeling in 65 patients.

Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee↗
PubMed1990

[The modular image analysis computer for assessment of prognosis in testicular tumors].

Since 1981 a total of 107 patients with non-seminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis (NSGCT) in clinical stage I were assigned to a "wait and see" protocol. At a median follow-up of 40 months (4-100) thirty seven pts. (35%) relapsed with 84% of these within the first year. Employing the Hedley-technique out of 50 primary tumor-tissues available nuclear suspensions were obtained, staining according to the DNA-Feulgen-procedure and evaluated by the modular image analysis computer (MIAC, Leitz, FRG). In 67% hyperpentaploidy was found in the cases with progression while only 23% exhibited a greater than 5c-rate in the NED-group. With logistic regression achieving a p-value of 0.0296 hyperpentaploidy has to be considered a significant prognosticator in NSGCT/CS I.

Dysgerminoma↗
PubMed2006

[Wear and periprosthetic osteolysis of modular, hemispheric acetabular cups].

Osteolysis associated with polyethylene wear has become one of the most prevalent complications associated with uncemented modular, hemispherical cups. Sixty-five consecutive total hip arthroplasties (ABG i, Howmedica, Stryker) were followed 6-12 years. Cumulative survivorship for the cup was 55.7% after 10 years. There were 20 cups revisions because of polyethylene wear and periprosthetic osteolysis (14 cups) or cup loosening (6 cups). Stability was assessed intraoperatively, 14 cups were revised, whereas 6 new polyethylene cups were cemented into stable metal-back of acetabular component. The average annual wear of revised cups was 0.32 mm. The annual wear of not revised cups was 0.12 mm. The differences were statistically significant (p = 0.002). The mean area of osteolysis was 472 mm2 (SD 257 mm2). There was no significant correlation between wear and area of osteolysis. There was significant correlation R = 0.54, p = 0.014) between time to revision and area of osteolysis. There were no significant differences of wear of polyethylene inlay or area of osteolysis between stable and unstable acetabular cups.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1991

An analysis of polyethylene thickness in modular total knee components.

Polyethylene wear has become an important consideration in total knee arthroplasty. The actual polyethylene thickness of modular tibial components is not widely known and may be critical to long-term survival of implants. The actual polyethylene thickness of eight widely used tibial components was measured and found to vary significantly among manufacturers, even though the combined thickness of metal tray and polyethylene was similar. No component met current recommendations for minimum polyethylene thickness.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1990

[The treatment of cross-bites in the Angle Class I cases with modular 3 D lingual appliances].

Anterior cross-bites which involve one tooth or a group of teeth is commonly seen in every age groups. Removable or fixed appliances are used in the treatment of these cases. Both of these appliances have some advantages and disadvantages. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the Modular 3 D Adapter in the treatment of the anterior cross-bites. All of the 14 patients aged between 10 years 1 month and 24 years 2 months showed Angle Class I anterior Cross-bite malocclusion. Only the first molar tooth or teeth were banded, then 0.025 inch Adapter appliance was used Lingually. By applying a force between 60-70 grams, the normal occlusions were gained after 2 months.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Rationalization of the recording of case histories using a modular system].

Delay often occurs in preparing the case history and treatment summary for transmission to the general practitioner. At the Hagavik Orthopaedic Hospital this delay is reduced to about five days by preparing the summary on a modular system consisting of four modules; the biographical data of the patient, admission and discharge dates and the treatment classified, an abstract of the patient's hospital record and discharge notes. Since 1986 the two first modules have been prepared by computer, which has reduced secretarial work by about one week per 1,000 summaries.

Computers↗
PubMed1990

A full-field modular gamma camera.

A modular gamma ray camera is described that gives useful image information over its entire crystal face. The lack of dead area on the periphery of the camera is made possible by a unique application of digital electronics and optimal position estimation using maximum likelihood (ML) estimates. The ML estimates are calculated directly from photomultiplier tube responses and stored in a lookup table, so the restriction of calculating the position estimates in separate circuitry is removed. Each module is designed to be optically and electronically independent, so that many modules can be combined in a large system. Results from a prototypical module, which has an active crystal area of 10 cm X 10 cm, are presented.

Equipment Design↗
PubMed1989

[The new modular field medical units of the Army Health Service].

Wishing to adapt itself to foreseeable conditions of modern combat army medical service had to imagine, for battle time, new sanitary units using shelters. They have two main characteristics: modular structure and quick deployment. From a first realization, part of a broad and ambitious program, characteristics and tactical using rules are defined. Such medical units could be easily used for non military purposes: i.e. to face disaster situations or modern technological risks.

Emergency Medical Services↗
PubMed1989

The nucleus basalis magnocellularis Meynert (NbmM) complex--a central integrator of coded "limbic signals" linked to neocortical modular operation? A proposed (heuristic) model of function.

Since the discovery of the NbmM as an afferent cholinergic projection system supplying the entire cortical mantle, its morphological organization has been extensively investigated. Applying the principle of convergence and divergence--an important principle of the integrative function of the CNS discerned by Sherrington a long time ago--the topistic organization of this projection could enable the system to exert a high degree of integrative influence on cortical neuronal activity. Candidates for putative regulatory afferents to the NbmM in the main seem to originate within structures linked to the limbic system. With the main centres of this system--ventral tegmental area, mediodorsal thalamus, basolateral amygdala, limbic compartment of striatum, hippocampal formation, paralimbic cortex--the NbmM seems to be interconnected bidirectionally by feedforward and feedback connections. With this central position within the limbic circuitries the NbmM complex--regarded as a morpho-functional entity--could play a key role, in both (i) the filtering and selection of "limbic signals" carrying coded information from the CNS-external (objective-surrounding) and CNS-internal (cognitive-emotional) world, and in (ii) the processing and transmission of these informations together with sequential integration into circuitries of neocortical processing. On the basis of the modular operation of the neocortex a speculative model of action of the NbmM complex is proposed which explains its possible role as an important central integrator in cognitive brain function.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

A composite fixation principle for modular segmental defect replacement (SDR) prostheses.

A composite fixation concept for porous-coated modular segmental bone and joint replacement prostheses was developed. Bone cement will provide immediate intramedullary stem stability, whereas autogenous bone grafts are applied over the porous-coated segmental shoulder region to achieve extracortical bone bridging and ingrowth for long-term biologic fixation. Bench tests, theoretical analyses, and animal experiments were performed to validate such a concept. Preliminary clinical trials have demonstrated extraordinary results as well as several limiting factors. Additional effort is required to perfect this innovative concept for prosthetic implant fixation.

Animals↗