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PubMed2006

Comparison of transplanted kidney function in patients on two different doses of mycophenolate mofetil.

INTRODUCTION: Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), an immunosuppressant that is widely used in renal transplant recipients, is associated with several dose-dependent hematologic and gastrointestinal side effects that lead to drug dose reduction or even discontinuation. The aim of this study was to compare the renal function and acute rejection rates of kidney allograft recipients who were on two different mycophenolate mofetil doses. METHODS: In a prospective study, 59 allograft kidney recipients who were on MMF 2 g/d were randomly selected and followed for evidences of acute rejection or drug side effects. Four patients were excluded from the study due to noncompliance, graft loss, and patient loss from opportunistic infection. Of the remaining 55 patients, 22 patients (40%) underwent MMF dose reduction to 1.35 +/- 0.23 g/d due to perceived side effects or economic reasons (group 1). The mean time for this change was 4.2 +/- 2.1 months after the kidney transplantation. The remaining patients (group 2, n = 33, 60%) had no change in MMF 2 g/d drug dosage. All patients were followed for at least 30 months after transplantation. Renal function tests (blood urea and serum creatinine) were measured monthly. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 11.0 (Student t test). A P value < .05 was considered significant. RESULTS: The two groups were comparable regarding age, gender, other immunosuppressive medications, and the time after transplantation. There were no episodes of acute rejection in group 1 after MMF dose reduction. The renal function (blood urea or serum creatinine levels) was comparable between the two groups at the end of study (P = .846 and .610, respectively). CONCLUSION: MMF dose reduction was not associated with an increased risk of acute renal allograft rejection or impaired graft function.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Kidney function of pullets and laying hens during outbreaks of urolithiasis.

Renal function evaluations were conducted on pullets and laying hens during outbreaks of urolithiasis. The following parameters were measured: kidney weights; hematocrits; plasma concentrations of uric acid, calcium, inorganic phosphate, magnesium, sodium, and potassium; urine flow rates; glomerular filtration rates; renal plasma flow rates; urine pH; and relative clearances of inorganic phosphate, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and para-amino hippuric acid. The adequacy of renal portal perfusion was estimated by timed phenol red extraction. Considerable interindividual variability was noted, presumably due to differences in age and reproductive status. Intraindividual left versus right kidney comparisons also were made, since urolithiasis often is associated with macroscopic lesions of one kidney but not the other. The results indicate that even when gross lesions of only one kidney were present, specific tubular transport processes were similar in both kidneys. Urolithiasis did cause significant alterations in urine flow rates, glomerular filtration rates and renal plasma flow rates. it was concluded that the changes associated with urolithiasis reflect the expected compensatory hypertrophic responses of surviving kidney tissue to a reduction of renal mass. The physiological impact of this form of kidney damage appears to arise from reduced renal mass rather than from inappropriate renal handling of minerals or electrolytes.

Animals↗