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At least 1,135 records · Page 63Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Desmosomal proteins in cultured and intact human periodontal ligament fibroblasts.

This study examined the kinds of desmosomal proteins in the human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs). The PDLFs obtained from young and older patients were cultured and the amounts of desmosomal proteins were measured by ELISA with antibodies to desmoplakins, desmogleins, and desmocollins. Cultured cells and tissue sections of the human periodontal ligament were immunostained with the same antibodies. Expression of desmosomal proteins in the PDLFs was clearly demonstrated both by ELISA and the immunohistochemical studies, suggesting the existence of desmosome-like junctions in the PDLFs. The junctions are considered to protect gap junctions in the PDLFs against cell transformation caused by cell contraction, which may relate to tooth eruption and repair of periodontal tissue, and/or strong occlusal forces. Statistically significant differences (P < 0.0001) in the expression of desmoplakins and desmogleins between younger and older patients were observed in this study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

A role for TNF in bone resorption of deciduous molars in human beings.

In this study, tumor necrosis-alpha was sampled from the gingival crevice of human deciduous molars; this was compared with values measured from the crevice of those deciduous molars missing a permanent successor, and from the crevice of deciduous ankylosed molars. Tumor necrosis-alpha was harvested from the gingival crevice with magnetic microspheres coated with tumor necrosis-alpha antibodies. The amount of bead-bound tumor necrosis-alpha was quantified with the use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. One hundred seven sites (from 41 patients) were sampled; for each patient, the normal value was compared with either the molars missing a permanent successor or ankylosed value. The tumor necrosis-alpha levels were 1.6 times higher from the crevice of ankylosed deciduous molars when compared with normal deciduous molars and 2.6 times higher from the crevice of sites with a molar missing a permanent successor. The mean and standard error mean distribution of tumor necrosis-alpha expressed as picograms was: normal molars 91 pg (standard error mean +/- 20), ankylosed molars 150 pg (standard error mean +/- 31), and missing permanent successor 236 pg (standard error mean +/- 67). Analysis of variance showed the difference among the 3 means was close to attaining significant difference (F [2.104] = 2.7905, P =.066). Multiple comparison procedures indicated that the mean for molars missing a permanent successor and the normal groups were significantly different, P =.05. The results of this study suggest tumor necrosis-alpha values are elevated in the gingival crevice of deciduous molars with ankylosis and where the permanent tooth bud is congenitally missing.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed2001

Presence of third molar germs in orthodontic patients in Japan.

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the existence of third molar germs in orthodontic patients in Japan and to examine the relationship between the existence of third molars and sagittal maxillomandibular jaw relationships. The subjects comprised 306 patients from the orthodontic clinic of Hokkaido University Dental Hospital who were younger than 15 years. The subjects were divided into 2 groups: 1 group included 144 patients who were born between 1966 and 1969 (60s group), and the other group included 162 patients who were born between 1980 and 1987 (80s group). Assessments were made from panoramic radiographs and lateral cephalograms. The following results were obtained: (1) all 4 third molar germs were present in 77% of subjects, (2) mandibular third molars were present significantly more often than maxillary third molars, and (3) the percentage of skeletal Class III subjects who had all 4 third molars was lower than that of skeletal Class II subjects. The chi(2) test was used to determine statistical significance in differences.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Intrusion of overerupted molars by corticotomy and magnets.

Although posterior tooth intrusion in an adult patient is a difficult procedure, it can be achieved without extruding the adjacent teeth by performing a corticotomy and using magnets. In carrying out this procedure on 2 adult patients whose molars had overerupted due to the early loss of antagonists, tooth movement was rapidly achieved without discomfort or side effects.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Distal molar movement with Kloehn headgear: is it stable?

The aim of this study was to evaluate intramaxillary molar movement after 8 months of cervical traction and posttreatment displacement 7 years later. The total molar displacements in relation to stable intraosseous reference points were compared with those observed in an untreated control group that also had intraosseous reference indicators inserted. During the headgear period, the type of molar displacement could be predicted by the direction of the force system acting on the teeth. It was noted, however, that the variation in the vertical development was related more to each patient's growth pattern than to the force system applied. After cessation of the headgear, intramaxillary displacement of the molars was noted, and the total displacement of the molars did not differ from that of the untreated group. The indication for intramaxillary displacement of the molars by means of extraoral traction is therefore questioned.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1983

(Dichloromethylene)diphosphonate-induced impairment of T-lymphocyte function.

The daily subcutaneous administration of (dichloromethylene)diphosphonate (clodronate) to 3-day-old normal inbred Wistar-Furth rats for 30 days produces osteopetrotic bone lesions resembling those of the osteopetrotic mutants. Furthermore, tooth eruption is prevented, growth slows down, and signs of runt disease appear. The weight of the thymus is decreased, and T cells from the thymus and spleen respond weakly to mitogens. These thymic disorders associated with defective bone resorption are very similar to those previously reported in the osteopetrotic mutant op rat and support the hypothesis of a link between the thymus and normal bone modeling and remodeling.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1997

Targeted expression of constitutively active receptors for parathyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone-related peptide delays endochondral bone formation and rescues mice that lack parathyroid hormone-related peptide.

Mice in which the genes encoding the parathyroid hormone (PTH)-related peptide (PTHrP) or the PTH/PTHrP receptor have been ablated by homologous recombination show skeletal dysplasia due to accelerated endochondral bone formation, and die at birth or in utero, respectively. Skeletal abnormalities due to decelerated chondrocyte maturation are observed in transgenic mice where PTHrP expression is targeted to the growth plate, and in patients with Jansen metaphyseal chondrodysplasia, a rare genetic disorder caused by constitutively active PTH/PTHrP receptors. These and other findings thus indicate that PTHrP and its receptor are essential for chondrocyte differentiation. To further explore the role of the PTH/PTHrP receptor in this process, we generated transgenic mice in which expression of a constitutively active receptor, HKrk-H223R, was targeted to the growth plate by the rat alpha1 (II) collagen promoter. Two major goals were pursued: (i) to investigate how constitutively active PTH/PTHrP receptors affect the program of chondrocyte maturation; and (ii) to determine whether expression of the mutant receptor would correct the severe growth plate abnormalities of PTHrP-ablated mice (PTHrP-/-). The targeted expression of constitutively active PTH/PTHrP receptors led to delayed mineralization, decelerated conversion of proliferative chondrocytes into hypertrophic cells in skeletal segments that are formed by the endochondral process, and prolonged presence of hypertrophic chondrocytes with delay of vascular invasion. Furthermore, it corrected at birth the growth plate abnormalities of PTHrP-/- mice and allowed their prolonged survival. "Rescued" animals lacked tooth eruption and showed premature epiphyseal closure, indicating that both processes involve PTHrP. These findings suggest that rescued PTHrP-/- mice may gain considerable importance for studying the diverse, possibly tissue-specific role(s) of PTHrP in postnatal development.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Prevalence of dental fluorosis in children from non-water-fluoridated Halmstad, Sweden: fluoride toothpaste use in infancy.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis in children aged 7-9 years from non-water-fluoridated Halmstad, Sweden, and to relate the results to their reported fluoride exposure history during infancy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In Spring 2002, a questionnaire distributed to a cluster random sample of 1039 parents enquired into their child's early oral health behaviors and included a "photographic toothpaste menu". The permanent upper anterior teeth (13-23) were examined clinically (+10% repeats) using a modified Thylstrup-Fejerskov Index. RESULTS: Complete data were available for 53% (n=548) of the sampled children. The prevalence offluorosis at any level was 49% (95% CI: 45-54%), and of fluorosis with esthetic concern (TF score > or =3) 4% (95% CI: 3-6%). Based on repeat observations, reliability was good (kappa = 0.82). There was no statistically significant increased risk of dental fluorosis prevalence associated with any of the fluoride exposure risk factors examined, including reported usage of (1000 ppm) fluoride toothpaste from time of first deciduous tooth eruption. CONCLUSIONS: While there were low levels of dental fluorosis of esthetic concern, half the children had some degree of dental fluorosis. The prevalence of dental fluorosis was not explained by the risk factors, including fluoride toothpaste usage as explored in this study.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2001

Tibia as donor site for alveolar bone grafting in patients with cleft lip and palate: long-term experience.

Tibial bone grafts were studied in 137 patients with clefts of the lip and palate. Twenty-one had clefts of the lip and primary palate and 116 had complete unilateral clefts of the lip and palate. Bone grafting was performed secondarily or late secondarily. Bone was harvested from the proximal part of the tibia distal to the tuberosity through an incision about 15 mm long. The mean follow-up time after bone grafting was 5.5 years (range 2-11). There were no operative, or early or late postoperative complications reported (such as haematoma, fracture, or shortening of the limb). Harvesting time was about 15 minutes. The possibility of operating with two teams makes the total operating time shorter. Bleeding was negligible (less than 15 ml) and the amount of bone obtained was always sufficient. Patients were mobilised the next day and were back to full physical activity by one month. Indications for tibial bone grafting included facilitation of tooth eruption into the graft, giving bony support to the neighbouring teeth, making it possible to insert a titanium fixture, raising the alar base of the nose, and closing an oronasal fistula. Compared with iliac, cranial, mandibular, and costal donor sites, using the tibia took less time, gave less bleeding, made it possible for two teams to operate simultaneously, gave a smaller scar, and there were minimal complications and satisfactory quantity and quality of bone in all cases. The results suggested that the tibia is an excellent choice of graft for residual alveolar clefts in patients with cleft lip and palate.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1991

Congenital osteoclast deficiency in osteopetrotic (op/op) mice is cured by injections of macrophage colony-stimulating factor.

Osteopetrotic (op/op) mice have a severe deficiency of osteoclasts, monocytes, and peritoneal macrophages because of a defect in the production of functional macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) resulting from a mutation within the M-CSF gene. In this study, we examined whether daily 5-microgram injections of purified recombinant human M-CSF (rhM-CSF) for 14 d would cure these deficiencies in the mutant mice. Monocytes in the peripheral blood of the op/op mice were significantly increased in number after subcutaneous injections of the factor two or three times a day. In contrast, osteopetrosis in the long bones of op/op mice was completely cured by only one injection of rhM-CSF per day. Bone trabeculae in the diaphyses were removed. Many osteoclasts were detected on the surface of bone trabeculae in the metaphyses. Although development of tooth germs of uninjected op/op mice was impaired, rhM-CSF injection restored the development of molar tooth germs and led to tooth eruption as a consequence of the recovery of bone-resorbing activity. These results demonstrate that M-CSF is one of the factors responsible for the differentiation of osteoclasts and monocyte/macrophages under physiological conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Osteoprotegerin reverses osteoporosis by inhibiting endosteal osteoclasts and prevents vascular calcification by blocking a process resembling osteoclastogenesis.

High systemic levels of osteoprotegerin (OPG) in OPG transgenic mice cause osteopetrosis with normal tooth eruption and bone elongation and inhibit the development and activity of endosteal, but not periosteal, osteoclasts. We demonstrate that both intravenous injection of recombinant OPG protein and transgenic overexpression of OPG in OPG(-/-) mice effectively rescue the osteoporotic bone phenotype observed in OPG-deficient mice. However, intravenous injection of recombinant OPG over a 4-wk period could not reverse the arterial calcification observed in OPG(-/-) mice. In contrast, transgenic OPG delivered from mid-gestation through adulthood does prevent the formation of arterial calcification in OPG(-/-) mice. Although OPG is normally expressed in arteries, OPG ligand (OPGL) and receptor activator of NF-kappaB (RANK) are not detected in the arterial walls of wild-type adult mice. Interestingly, OPGL and RANK transcripts are detected in the calcified arteries of OPG(-/-) mice. Furthermore, RANK transcript expression coincides with the presence of multinuclear osteoclast-like cells. These findings indicate that the OPG/OPGL/RANK signaling pathway may play an important role in both pathological and physiological calcification processes. Such findings may also explain the observed high clinical incidence of vascular calcification in the osteoporotic patient population.

Acid Phosphatase↗