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At least 1,135 records · Page 63Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Taste and olfactory disturbances after upper and middle third facial fractures: a preliminary study.

To estimate smell and taste after traumatic disturbances, the authors questioned a sample of 92 patients who underwent surgical treatment for upper third and/or middle third facial fractures between January 1, 1988, and May 31, 1996, at the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Rome "La Sapienza," Italy. A total of 86 patients included in the study had a facial fracture sustained during a motor vehicle accident. Twenty-nine patients reported smell and/or taste after the traumatic disturbance. Of these 29 patients, 8 patients had hyposmia and/or anosmia without taste deficit, 10 patients had taste disturbances without smell loss, and 11 patients noted disturbance in both smell and taste. The authors encountered posttraumatic smell disturbances in 19 patients in their sample. Nasozygomatic-Le Fort fractures, fronto-orbital fractures, and pure Le Fort fractures were found to determine posttraumatic smell disturbances in these 19 patients. Nasal fractures, nasoorbital-ethmoidal fractures, ethmoidal fractures, frontal-Le Fort fractures, and nasal-Le Fort fractures did not determine any olfactory dysfunction. Posttraumatic hypogeusia and ageusia were found in 21 patients and was caused by nasozygomatic-Le Fort fractures, fronto-orbital fractures, and pure Le Fort fractures. The authors did not find any taste deficits after patients sustained other kinds of facial fractures. In the 11 patients observed, disturbances in both smell and taste were noted. Nasozygomatic-Le Fort fracture was the most common in these 11 patients. At 5 years' of follow-up, the results indicate that hypogeusia and hyposmia are connected with the etiology of fracture, the violence of the trauma, and the involvement of specific facial bone regions.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1999

Transient nerve damage following intubation for trans-sphenoidal hypophysectomy.

PURPOSE: To describe a case of transient lingual and hypoglossal nerve damage following intubation for a trans-sphenoidal hypophysectomy. CLINICAL FEATURES: A 56-yr-old acromegalic man was scheduled for trans-sphenoidal hypophysectomy. He had been treated with octreotide six months previously which had reduced the swelling of the tongue to an acceptable degree to the patient. During the anesthetic procedure there were no problems. The intubation was performed without any difficulty, no force had been used to place the endotracheal tube, a throat pack was inserted and, before extubation, an oro-gastric tube was inserted. Three days after surgery the patient complained of numbness and swelling of the left side of the tongue, he had difficulty in moving the tongue, speaking difficulties and problems in swallowing food were noted. Also taste was lost on this side of the tongue. Left lingual and hypoglossal nerve damage was diagnosed, which was confirmed by the neurologist. After four months of intensive physiotherapy and speech therapy, the symptoms disappeared. CONCLUSION: This is a report of a very rare complication of lingual and hypoglossal nerve damage in an acromegalic patient. This incident suggests forceful laryngoscopy, hyperextension of the head and the throat pack (tightly packed in the oropharynx) can result in injury of the lingual and the hypoglossal nerves.

Acromegaly↗
PubMed1981

Hypoplasia of the nose and eyes, hyposmia, hypogeusia, and hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism in two males.

Two males, 9-11 and 29-31 years of age, with severe hypoplasia of the nose, hypoplasia of the eyes, sensory abnormalities of taste and smell, and hypogonadism were studied. The nasal septum, cribriform plates and foramina of the vomeronasal (vn) nerves were demonstrated in both; the capsule of the vn organ was shown in one. Their nasal skeleton, demonstrated by tomoradiography, had grown in early embryological form. The nose was not patent in either patient. In both, the cranial vaults, orbits, epipharynges, and oral cavities were indented toward the hypoplastic nasal composite and the peripheral dimensions of their faces were normal for their respective ages. Each patient had impaired visual function with cataracts and colobomata. Each was unable to recognize the smell of any vapor (Type I hyposmia), and had severe impairment of recognition of any tastant (recognition hypogeusia); detection of vapors and of tastants were in appropriate anatomical areas. Each was unable orally to recognize standard plastic forms (astereognosis) though each could recognize the forms manually. Each patient had bilateral inguinal hernias, one or two undescended testes, and hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. These patients do not fall within the spectrum of arrhinencephaly because of the presence of medial structure of attachment of the falx cerebri and because of their normal intelligence. Distinction of patients with this pattern of abnormalities from arrhinencephaly is important by reason of their potentiality of normal mental development. We hypothesize that their abnormalities resulted from an embryological disruption that occurred in the first trimester of pregnancy. The embryogenesis of the nasal composite is presumed to have been adequate for reciprocal induction of the anlagen of the forebrain. Development of their faces to normal peripheral dimensions indicates that the nasal composite is not essential for gross facial enlargement.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Alterations in taste acuity associated with allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

Taste detection and recognition thresholds were monitored in 10 patients for up to 1 yr after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). As well as a control group of 12 healthy volunteers, taste acuity was tested in 10 patients, who had undergone BMT 2-5 yr previously. Immediately after transplantation, there was significant hypogeusia of all four taste modalities compared to registrations one week before the aplastic phase and also compared to the healthy control group. Although some normalization of taste thresholds was registered 3-6 months after transplantation, most subjects still experienced dysgeusia. Of the four taste modalities, the most frequently recorded change was a raised threshold for salt. In about 80% of the patients taste acuity had recovered to the control values one year after transplantation. The group tested 2-5 yr after BMT had normal values for taste acuity.

Bone Marrow Transplantation↗
PubMed1992

Oral disorders associated with diabetes mellitus.

The protean manifestations of diabetes include various associated oral disorders such as sialosis, xerostomia, impairment of taste, and localized infections of which oral candidosis is the most commonly observed. The association of specific oral diseases and diabetes is of importance both in the detection of undiagnosed diabetes and in the elucidation of the pathogenesis of various oro-facial diseases. The clinical features and possible causes of oral disorders recognized to be associated with diabetes are reviewed with emphasis on good oral hygiene in the diabetic patient.

Candidiasis↗
PubMed1997

Depressive symptoms and alterations in sucrose taste perception: cognitive bias or a true change in sensitivity?

Previous studies have reported elevated taste thresholds in depressed subjects, but those studies did not control for changes in response bias. The current study used signal detection analyses to address this shortcoming. Sucrose detection thresholds were measured (1) in subjects with high and low Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) scores who did not meet standard criteria for current Major Depressive Episode (MDE); and (2) in subjects who did fulfil standard criteria for MDE. Subjects with low HAM-D scores produced significantly more false alarms than the other two groups, but taste sensitivity, as indexed by d', did not vary significantly across groups. These results suggest that changes in response bias underlie previously reported increases in sucrose taste thresholds in depressed subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Zinc therapy of acetazolamide-induced side-effects.

A double-blind cross-over trial extending over 4 weeks with administration of 0.2 g zinc sulphate 3 times daily and a placebo was carried out on 12 patients having grave acetazolamide-induced side-effects manifesting themselves as gustatory disorder, anorexia, and paraesthesia. All the patients had S-zinc levels within the normal range. These rose during zinc therapy periods, to fall again within placebo periods. Recording of the degrees of subjective side-effects based on interviews showed the side-effects to abate towards the conclusion of the trial period, independently of the randomizing programme. In other words, no significant difference was demonstrable between zinc period and placebo period. Taste tests according to Börnstein showed the gustatory disorders to be related exclusively to beverages containing carbon dioxide. However, in no more than 3 out of 10 patients did the gustatory sense return to normal after administration of zinc and one after placebo. Thus, this controlled trial has not served to disclose any statistically significant effect of zinc administration on acetazolamide-induced side-effects.

Acetazolamide↗
PubMed2004

Clinical study of flavor disturbance.

OBJECTIVE: We have observed that, in cases of smell loss, patients often complain of taste loss as well even though they actually have normal gustatory acuity according to gustatory tests; we have defined such symptoms as "flavor disturbance". The clinical features of flavor disturbance are reported in this paper. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 297 patients (99 males, 198 females; mean age 55.5 years) were treated for olfactory disturbance at the hospital of Hyogo College of Medicine between July 1995 and August 2001. Sixty-six out of 297 patients (22.5%) also experienced taste disturbance, and 49 of these 66 cases were evaluated by means of smell and taste tests. These 49 patients who complained of taste and smell loss were classified into two groups according to the results of their smell and taste tests. Patients who only complained of olfactory disturbance were also reviewed. RESULTS: There was no relationship between the severity of olfactory disturbance and the degree of flavor disturbance. The incidence of flavor disturbance was high in patients with sudden olfactory disturbance after upper respiratory tract infection or head trauma and low in those with slowly progressive olfactory disturbance. The symptoms of flavor disturbance improved regardless of whether smell was improved or not. CONCLUSIONS: The patients with flavor disturbance tended to misrecognize that they had taste loss because of sudden smell loss, and there were more of these cases than we expected. When patients with smell and taste loss are treated, flavor disturbance should also be considered.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed2003

Impaired taste acuity in patients with diabetes mellitus on maintenance hemodialysis.

AIMS: It has been reported that taste acuity for the four primary tastes, sour, sweet, salty and bitter, is impaired in hemodialysis (HD) patients. However, there have been no studies reported on taste acuity of diabetic HD patients. The present study aimed to quantify and compare the taste acuity of diabetic and non-diabetic HD patients, and further to determine if there were correlations between diminished taste acuity and certain blood serum parameters typically askew in hemodialysis patients. METHODS: In a test group of 24 diabetic and 24 non-diabetic HD patients matched for age, body mass index and duration of HD, taste acuity for the four tastes was determined by asking patients to identify them at varying concentrations. RESULTS: Statistical analyses indicate that bitter and total taste acuity were significantly impaired in diabetic HD patients. In diabetic HD patients, correlation was found between sweet, salty or total taste acuity and blood urea nitrogen or normalized protein catabolic rate. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that taste acuity is partially impaired in diabetic HD patients, and suggest this contributes to reduced appetite, leading to malnutrition and poor prognoses.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Effect of environmental pollutants on taste and smell.

Various man-made and naturally occurring chemicals and substances can modify the chemosensory systems of animals and man. This article provides an overview of research studies that investigate the impact of pollution on taste and smell perception. Acute and chronic alterations in taste and olfaction are discussed for solvents, herbicides, fungicides, pesticides, disinfectants, germicides, soil fumigants, dyes, pharmaceuticals, textile wastes, smog, tobacco smoke, perfumes, flavors, plastics, synthetic rubber, and other industrial substances. The mechanisms by which pollutants may cause physiologic and biologic changes are highlighted. Natural detoxification systems are discussed, as well as treatments for chemosensory deficits.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed2002

The genetic consequences of our sweet tooth.

First reported in 1956, hereditary fructose intolerance (HFI) illustrates vividly how interactions between genes and nutrients can influence taste preferences; the disease also reflects the ascendancy of sucrose and fructose as energy sources and as the world's principal sweeteners. However, HFI is not the only genetic ill to have emerged from our obsession with sugar: the slave trade, which had such a key part in the development of the sugar industry, also included major genetic consequences in its haunting legacy.

Dietary Carbohydrates↗