Introducing managed care in Switzerland: impact on use of health services.
The objectives of this study were to assess changes in the self-reported use of health care services after gatekeeping by general practitioners and a global budget were introduced in the health insurance plan for students at the University of Geneva, Switzerland, in October 1992. A random sample of 336 members of the University plan answered questions about their use of health care services during the year before (1992) and the year after (1993) the introduction of managed care. Similar data were collected among a random sample of 300 members of a comparison plan. All participants were 18-44 y old in 1992, spoke French and lived in Geneva. The proportion of insurees who visited specialists decreased by 10% in the University plan between 1992 and 1993 and remained unchanged in the comparison group. The proportion of insurees who visited general practitioners increased by 12% in the University plan and remained unchanged in the comparison group. No effects on the total number of health care visits, on hospitalisations or on use of medications were detected. The introduction of gatekeeping and of a global budget managed by physicians was associated with a transfer of patient visits from specialists to general practitioners.