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At least 1,135 records · Page 63Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Effective treatment of phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis with oral tetracycline.

PURPOSE: To determine the clinical characteristics, possible etiologic agents, and response to oral antibiotic therapy in patients with phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis. METHODS: The authors reviewed the medical records of the 17 patients with phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis who were seen and treated at the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute between 1981 and 1991. RESULTS: All 17 patients were younger than 18 years of age at the onset of their disease. Girls (n = 14) outnumbered boys (n = 3) 4:1. Significant incapacitating symptoms and ocular morbidity occurred frequently, including three perforated corneas. Five of ten patients who were tested for Chlamydia infection had positive test results and five patients possibly had early rosacea dermatitis. All patients experienced long-term remission of their ocular disease after a course of oral tetracycline or erythromycin. Two patients demonstrated unique linear (fascicular) corneal phlyctenules. CONCLUSION: Oral tetracycline or erythromycin treatment produces long-lasting remission of phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis in affected children.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2003

Anti-ulcerogenic activity of some plants used as folk remedy in Turkey.

Five herbal remedies used as gastroprotective crude drugs in Turkey were assessed for anti-ulcerogenic activity using the EtOH-induced ulcerogenesis model in rat. The crude drugs investigated comprises fruits of Elaeagnus angustifolia L. (Elaeagnaceae), fresh fruits of Hibiscus esculentus L. (Malvaceae), fresh roots of Papaver rhoeas L. (Papaveraceae), leaves of Phlomis grandiflora H.S. Thomson (Lamiaceae) and fresh fruits of Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae). Extracts were prepared according to the traditional indications of use. Under our experimental conditions, all extracts exhibited statistically significant gastroprotective effect with better results for Phlomis grandiflora and Rosa canina (100%). At the concentration under study, both crude drugs were more effective than the reference compound misoprostol at 0.4 mg/kg. Even the weakest anti-ulcerogenic effect observed for Papaver rhoeas roots was found statistically potent (95.6%). Histopathological studies confirmed the results of the in vivo test.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Adult skin disease in the pediatric patient.

The incidence of many skin diseases peak in adulthood, and these disorders may be difficult to recognize when they do present in childhood. Their clinical features may be distinct in pediatric patients, and they may be managed differently in children as compared to adults. Therefore, it is important that dermatologists are able to identify "adult" skin disease in the pediatric patient, and know how to appropriately manage these problems in young patients. The epidemiology, clinical features, differential diagnosis, and management of the following "adult" skin diseases in children are reviewed: psoriasis, lichen planus, rosacea, Sweet's syndrome, and mucosis fungoides. Distinctive features of lichen sclerosus and immunobullous diseases in childhood will also be briefly discussed.

Child↗
PubMed2002

Antitumor activity of compounds isolated from leaves of Eriobotrya japonica.

In a search for possible antitumor agents from natural sources, megastigmane glycosides and polyphenolic constituents isolated from the leaves of Eriobotrya japonica (Rosaceae) were found to inhibit the 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced activation of Epstein-Barr virus early antigen in Raji cells. Roseoside and procyanidin B-2 were among the active compounds found in an in vitro assay; these compounds were further assessed for antitumor activity in vivo in a two-stage carcinogenesis assay on mouse skin. Roseoside significantly delayed carcinogenesis induced by peroxynitrite (initiator) and TPA (promoter), and its potency was comparable to that of a green tea polyphenol, (-)-epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate, in the same assay.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed2002

A novel zwitterionic anthocyanin from evergreen blackberry (Rubus laciniatus Willd.).

A novel zwitterionic anthocyanin was isolated from evergreen blackberry (Rubus laciniatus Willd.) and structurally characterized as cyanidin 3-dioxalylglucoside. During short-term storage in acidified methanol, methyl esterification of the carboxyl group of the terminal oxalyl unit occurred, providing additional information for structural elucidation. Until now, oxalic acid as an acyl moiety of anthocyanins has been reported only in orchid flowers (Orchidaceae) but never in fruits or in the Rosaceae. This is the first report of an anthocyanin diacylated with oxalic acid, establishing a more widespread occurrence of anthocyanins substituted with aliphatic acids than hitherto believed.

Anthocyanins↗
PubMed2006

Sources of antioxidant activity in Australian native fruits. Identification and quantification of anthocyanins.

Selected native Australian fruits, muntries (Kunzea pomifera F. Muell., Myrtaceae), Tasmanian pepper berry (Tasmanian lanceolata R. Br., Winteraceae), Illawarra plum (Podocarpus elatus R. Br. ex Endl., Podocarpaceae), Burdekin plum (Pleiogynium timorense DC. Leenh, Anacardiaceae), Cedar Bay cherry (Eugenia carissoides F. Muell., Myrtaceae), Davidson's plum (Davidsonia pruriens F. Muell. var. pruriens, Davidsoniaceae), and Molucca raspberry (Rubus moluccanus var. austropacificus van Royen, Rosaceae), were evaluated as sources of antioxidants by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and ferric reducing antioxidant power assays and compared with blueberry (Vaccinum spp. cv. Biloxi). The total reducing capacity of five fruits was 3.5-5.4-fold higher than that of blueberry, and the radical scavenging activities of muntries and Burdekin plum were 1.5- and 2.6-fold higher, respectively. The total phenolic level by Folin-Ciocalteu assay highly correlated with the antioxidant activity. Therefore, systematic research was undertaken to identify and characterize phenolic complexes. In the present study we report on the levels and composition of anthocyanins. The HPLC-DAD and HPLC/ESI-MS-MS (ESI = electrospray ionization) analyses revealed simple anthocyanin profiles of one to four individual pigments, with cyanidin as the dominating type. This is the first evaluation of selected native Australian fruits aiming at their utilization for the development of novel functional food products.

Anthocyanins↗
PubMed2001

Skin diseases in Ghana and the UK.

BACKGROUND: Although diseases of the skin have been studied in some African countries, the provision of dermatology services is as yet a relatively underdeveloped aspect of medicine in sub-Saharan Africa. OBJECTIVE: To determine the pattern of skin diseases seen in a sub-Saharan community and to compare it with that seen in a European community. METHODS: The diagnoses of the principal presenting complaint of 2254 consecutive new patients seen at the dermatology clinic of Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH), Kumasi, Ghana, are presented and compared with those of 3383 consecutive new patients seen at the dermatology clinic of The William Harvey Hospital (WHH), Ashford, Kent, UK. RESULTS: The most common conditions in Ghana were infections (46.3%; UK, 12%). In the UK, the most common conditions were malignant and premalignant diseases of the skin (22.2%; Ghana, 0.5%) and benign tumors (16.8%; Ghana, 0.5%). Dermatitis was common in both countries (Ghana, 18.4%; UK, 16.0%). Psoriasis was more common in the UK (6.2%) than in Ghana (0.4%). In Ghana, fixed drug eruption, mainly due to cotrimoxazole (Septrin), was not rare (27 cases), and complications from cosmetic skin lightening creams were a frequent problem among women (86 cases). No cases of rosacea were found in Ghana, but it was not uncommon in the UK (1.6%). CONCLUSIONS: The patterns of skin diseases are different in the two countries. It is hoped that this study may help to catalyze the further development of dermatology services in Ghana.

Cosmetics↗
PubMed1999

Evaluation and management of the "red face". Interview by K. Watsky and M. Rothe.

Patients presenting with a "red face" challenge clinicians to consider a broad differential diagnosis that includes contact dermatitis. The diagnosis may be obscured or complicated by underlying actinic damage or rosacea. Unraveling this Gordian knot to arrive at a precise and accurate diagnosis takes patience and practice. The collective experience of our invited group of expert clinicians sheds light on this process.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1998

Clinical and histological variants of rhinophyma, including nonsurgical treatment modalities.

Phymas are slowly progressive, disfiguring disorders of the face and ears that represent the end stage of rosacea, a common centrofacial dermatosis. Phymas are probably caused by the sequelae of chronic edema and its related connective tissue and sebaceous gland hypertrophy. Rhinophyma is the commonest among them. Analogous swellings may occur on the chin (gnatophyma), forehead (metophyma), one or both ears (otophyma), and eyelids (blepharophyma). Although rhinophyma has been traditionally associated with alcoholism, there is no evidence to support this association. Four variants of rhinophyma (glandular, fibrous, fibroangiomatous, actinic) can be recognized on clinical and histological basis. The development of skin cancer, such as basal cell carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma, in rhinophyma appears to be a matter of accidental coincidence of different diseases. Although phymas are best treated surgically, they may be a worthwhile indication for nonsurgical treatment modalities such as systemic isotretinoin. Phymas do not resolve spontaneously.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2002

Off-label prescribing in the treatment of dermatologic disease.

BACKGROUND: It is common practice for physicians to treat dermatologic conditions with medications that are not indicated for the specific condition being treated. These "off-label" prescriptions are often for medications that have both well accepted therapeutic value in the medical community and proven efficacy on the basis of results of clinical trials. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to quantify the use of off-label prescriptions for dermatologic disease by a representative sample of physicians in the United States. METHODS: Data from the 1990-1997 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, performed by the National Center for Health Statistics, were used to assess medications prescribed at office visits for dermatologic disease. We identified the most common diagnoses listed at office visits in which the primary and only diagnosis listed was dermatologic. For the leading 10 dermatologic conditions for which medications are indicated, we categorized each primary drug mention by indication. RESULTS: We found that the range of off-label prescribing varied from 17% to 73%, with a weighted mean (+/- SD) of 32% +/- 18%. The conditions most frequently managed with off-label prescriptions were acne rosacea (73%) and actinic keratosis (52%), whereas those with the fewest off-label prescriptions were atopic dermatitis (17%) and psoriasis (16%). The use of off-label prescriptions by dermatologists in the diseases studied ranged from 7% to 73% with a weighted mean (+/- SD) of 24% (+/- 24%), whereas the range for nondermatologists was 18% to 96% with a weighted mean (+/- SD) of 34% (+/- 18%). CONCLUSION: Off-label prescribing is common in the management of dermatologic conditions. From these data, we conclude that it is currently within the standard of care to use off-label prescriptions in the treatment of dermatologic disease.

Drug Labeling↗
PubMed2003

Analysis of patients with suspected photosensitivity referred for investigation to an Australian photodermatology clinic.

BACKGROUND: Australia's first dedicated photodermatology clinic was established at St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne in 1993. OBJECTIVE: We sought to review clinical diagnoses and results of investigations performed on patients seen at this institution. METHODS: A database was created to enable a retrospective and prospective analysis of all patients attending for evaluation of suspected photosensitivity from April 1993 to October 2000. RESULTS: A total of 513 patients were seen, 289 (56.3%) female and 224 (43.7%) male, with a mean age of 45.2 years (range: 2.6-85.9). A photosensitive disorder was diagnosed in 397 patients (77.4%), with the acquired idiopathic photodermatoses accounting for diagnoses in 215 (41.9%) of all patients seen. The most common diagnosis was polymorphous light eruption. Reduced minimal erythema doses were seen in 25.3% of all patients light tested. In those photopatch tested, 23.3% had at least 1 photocontact reaction. Allergic contact dermatitis in a photosensitive distribution was diagnosed in 7.4% of the clinic population. CONCLUSION: A large proportion of referrals to a photodermatology clinic comprise people with acquired idiopathic photodermatoses, with other common diagnoses that may mimic photosensitivity including allergic contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, and rosacea.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Demodicidosis revisited.

Demodex mites are common commensals of the pilosebaceous unit in mammals. In humans, only two species (Demodex folliculorum and D. brevis) have been identified and have been implied to play a role in at least three facial conditions: pityriasis folliculorum, rosacea-like demodicidosis and so-called "demodicidosis gravis". However, there is no consensus to what degree the mites are causative of the skin pathology and how they might contribute to the disease. This review presents a demodicidosis case, discusses the clinical features of Demodex infestation in man and reviews its pathogenetic implications and the therapeutic options.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Topical corticosteroid 'addiction'. A cause of perioral dermatitis.

Acne rosacea, perioral dermatitis, and telangiectasia are all local side effects that can flare up when potent topical corticosteroids used on the face are withdrawn. The two cases of perioral dermatitis described here illustrate the nature of the addictive cycle caused by long-term use of these agents. To prevent side effects of topical corticosteroids used on the face, physicians need to avoid long-term prescriptions and shun superpotent agents entirely for this area. Pharmacists should not refill topical corticosteroid prescriptions without authorization. Patient education must emphasize the transient nature of flare-ups of itching and rash that occur when these agents are withdrawn. Systemic and topical antibiotics and corticosteroid-free antipruritics are the mainstays of therapy.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2003

Native and introduced host plants of Anastrepha fraterculus and Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) in northwestern Argentina.

Wild or commercially grown, native and exotic fruit were collected in 30 localities in the Tucumán province (NW Argentina) from January 1990 to December 1995 to determine their status as hosts of Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) and/or Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), the only two fruit fly species of economic and quarantine importance in Argentina. A total of 84,094 fruit (3,466.1 kg) representing 33 species (7 native and 26 exotic) in 15 plant families were sampled. We determined the following 17 host plant associations: Annona cherimola Miller (Annonaceae), Citrus paradisi Macfadyn (Rutaceae), Diospyros kaki L. (Ebenaceae), Eugenia uniflora L., Psidium guajava L., Myrcianthes pungens (Berg) Legrand (Myrtaceae), Ficus carica L. (Moraceae), Juglans australis Grisebach (Juglandaceae), Mangifera indica L. (Anacardiaceae), Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl., Prunus armeniaca L., P. domestica L., and P. persica (L.) Batsch (Rosaceae) were infested by both A. fraterculus and C. capitata. Citrus aurantium L., Citrus reticulata Blanco, Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck (Rutaceae), and Passiflora caerulea L. (Passifloraceae) were only infested by Ceratitis capitata. Out of a total of 99,627 adults that emerged from pupae, 69,180 (approximately 69.5%) were Anastrepha fraterculus, 30,138 (approximately 30.2%) were C. capitata, and 309 (approximately 0.3%) were an unidentified Anastrepha species. Anastrepha fraterculus predominated in native plant species while C. capitata did so in introduced species. Infestation rates (number of larvae/kg of fruit) varied sharply from year to year and between host plant species (overall there was a significant negative correlation between fruit size and infestation level). We provide information on fruiting phenology of all the reported hosts and discuss our findings in light of their practical (e.g., management of A. fraterculus and C. capitata in citrus groves) implications.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

A systematic screening of total antioxidants in dietary plants.

A predominantly plant-based diet reduces the risk for development of several chronic diseases. It is often assumed that antioxidants contribute to this protection, but results from intervention trials with single antioxidants administered as supplements quite consistently do not support any benefit. Because dietary plants contain several hundred different antioxidants, it would be useful to know the total concentration of electron-donating antioxidants (i.e., reductants) in individual items. Such data might be useful in the identification of the most beneficial dietary plants. We have assessed systematically total antioxidants in a variety of dietary plants used worldwide, including various fruits, berries, vegetables, cereals, nuts and pulses. When possible, we analyzed three or more samples of dietary plants from three different geographic regions in the world. Total antioxidants was assessed by the reduction of Fe(3+) to Fe(2+) (i.e., the FRAP assay), which occurred rapidly with all reductants with half-reaction reduction potentials above that of Fe(3+)/Fe(2+). The values, therefore, expressed the corresponding concentration of electron-donating antioxidants. Our results demonstrated that there is more than a 1000-fold difference among total antioxidants in various dietary plants. Plants that contain most antioxidants included members of several families, such as Rosaceae (dog rose, sour cherry, blackberry, strawberry, raspberry), Empetraceae (crowberry), Ericaceae (blueberry), Grossulariaceae (black currant), Juglandaceae (walnut), Asteraceae (sunflower seed), Punicaceae (pomegranate) and Zingiberaceae (ginger). In a Norwegian diet, fruits, berries and cereals contributed 43.6%, 27.1% and 11.7%, respectively, of the total intake of plant antioxidants. Vegetables contributed only 8.9%. The systematic analysis presented here will facilitate research into the nutritional role of the combined effect of antioxidants in dietary plants.

Antioxidants↗
PubMed2003

S-RNase-mediated self-incompatibility.

The Solanaceae, Rosaceae, and Scrophulariaceae families all possess an RNase-mediated self-incompatibility mechanism through which their pistils can recognize and reject self-pollen to prevent inbreeding. The highly polymorphic S-locus controls the self-incompatibility interaction, and the S-locus of the Solanaceae has been shown to be a multi-gene complex in excess of 1.3 Mb. To date, the function of only one of the S-locus genes, the S-RNase gene, has been determined. This article reviews the current status of the search for the pollen S-gene and the current models for how S-haplotype specific inhibition of pollen tubes can be accomplished by S-RNases.

Fertility↗
PubMed2004

Methyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside in higher plants: accumulation and intracellular localization in Geum montanum L. leaves and in model systems studied by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance.

Using (13)C-NMR, methyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (MeG) was characterized as a major compound in the leaves of the alpine herb Geum montanum L. MeG continuously accumulated during the life span of G. montanum leaves, and accounted for up to 20% of the soluble carbohydrates in aged overwintering leaves, without being reallocated during senescence. Incubating intact plant tissues, culture cells, and purified organelles with (13)C-labelled substrates showed that MeG was synthesized in the cytosol of cells, directly from glucose and methanol molecules. There was no contribution of the C-1 pathway. MeG was subsequently stored in the vacuole without being re-exported to the cytoplasm. All the dicots tested contained the enzymatic machinery permitting MeG synthesis from methanol and glucose, but the plants accumulating this compound at concentrations higher than 1 micromol g(-1) wet wt were mainly members of the Rosaceae family belonging to the Rosoideae subfamily. It is suggested that the synthesis of MeG may contribute to reduce the accumulation in the cytoplasm of methanol and its derived compounds.

Aging↗
PubMed1994

Cutaneous disease and alcohol misuse.

Certain skin disorders have now been demonstrated to be affected by alcohol misuse, in particular psoriasis and discoid eczema. The pattern of involvement in psoriasis differs from psoriasis vulgaris in character and distribution, and tends to be more difficult to treat. Discoid eczema appears to be specifically related to alcohol excess and is associated with deranged liver function tests. Rosacea, post-adolescent acne, superficial infections and porphyria cutanea tarda may also be markers of alcohol misuse. These disorders occur early and are quite distinct from the traditional cutaneous stigmata of established liver disease. The association between alcohol and skin disease is under-reported, as alcohol misuse may go undetected in a general clinic unless specifically sought. Alcohol has a profound influence on immune function and induces changes in the cutaneous vasculature. The relevance of these effects to the pathophysiology of alcohol-related skin disease is discussed.

Alcohol Drinking↗