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At least 1,135 records · Page 63Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

[Biological significance of physiologic hypoxemia].

Preliminary inhalation of oxygen in conscious rabbits prevents increased respiratory muscle activity caused by airway occlusion. This is accounted for by hyperoxia that removes physiological hypoxemia and therefore depresses the sensitivity of the respiratory center which is needed to perform the reflex caused by airway occlusion. This also explains that hyperoxia prevents respiratory discomfort caused by temporary stoppage of artificial respiration in persons with respiratory paralysis.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[The value of various ultrasound criteria in objective assessment of acute reactive cholecystitis. A prospective follow-up study of ventilated intensive care patients].

Ultrasound of the abdomen was performed in 30 artificially respirated patients under intensive care conditions for 7 days per patient over a time period of 6 months to elucidate the therapeutic value of different ultrasonographic findings with respect to the diagnosis "reactive acute cholecystitis". Our results show, that neither the detection of concrements or sludge within the gallbladder, nor the transient dilatation of the bile duct, nor a transient wall-thickening or the occurrence of a three-layered wall of the gallbladder can be interpreted as reliable sonographic criteria for the occurrence of an acute reactive cholecystitis. From this we conclude, that reactive acute cholecystitis leading to the indication for cholecystectomy can only be diagnosed from the combination of clinical and sonographic findings. However, reactive acute cholecystitis can almost certainly be excluded, even in obscure upper abdominal symptoms, when the sonogram of the gallbladder is normal.

Acute-Phase Reaction↗
PubMed1976

[Importance of intensive therapy in the treatment of purulent meningitis (author's transl)].

In recent years the lethality of purulent meningitis has not fallen significantly in spite of antibiotic therapy. Aspects are indicated which complicate the successful treatment of purulent meningitis, and in addition the problems of artificial respiration, the provocation of cerebro-organic paroxysms by high dose penicillin therapy, the not uncommonly observed hemorrhagic diatheses, disturbances of acid-base balance and the results of neuropathologic and echoencephalographic investigations are discussed. In addition to beginning treatment early and selective antibiotic therapy, intensive medical measures can contribute to an improvement in the prognosis of purulent meningitis.

Acidosis, Respiratory↗
PubMed1996

[Puncture tracheotomy in long-term ventilated intensive care patients].

In a prospective trial we tested the percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy in 53 ICU-patients treated with long-term artificial respiration. The tracheostomy was carried out under bronchoscopic supervision. Of a total complication rate of 15.1% we observed two serious complications with perforation of the pars membranacea of the trachea, one requiring thoracotomy and the other leading to exitus letalis by mediastinal emphysema.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Electroventilation--a missed opportunity?

"Electroventilation" identifies the many techniques used to produce artificial respiration by the application of trains of stimuli to strategically placed body-surface electrodes. The author reviews the efficacy and safety of electroventilation and traces its history and present status. The theoretical and practical bases for the method are presented, along with numerous examples of its use in man and animals. The article concludes with the indications and contraindications for electroventilation.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Ventilation aerosol therapy (author's transl)].

Ventilation aerosol therapy (a combination of intermittent positive pressure artificial respiration with aerosol therapy) produces a mechanical support for the breathing, achieves an effective aerosol action and promotes expectoration. It makes possible an effective treatment of inflammatory and obstructive bronchopulmonary diseases. The expense of apparatus and personnel for this method of treatment can only become rational and more economical for the large number of outpatients and hospitalized patients by taking advantage of a special department. The functional areas of such a ventilation aerosol department should be: outpatient department for artificial respiration, bedside artificial respiration and aerosol, ward for ventilation aerosol therapy and ventilation aerosol therapy under supervision and intensive care.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1996

[Problems in weaning from artificial ventilation: 'motor neuron disease'].

Three patients, two men aged 71 and one aged 73 years, were given artificial respiration because of acute respiratory failure. Subsequently they could not be weaned from artificial respiration, due to causes that were not immediately clear. It was ultimately found that the patients suffered from 'motor neuron disease', in two of them due to progressive spinal muscular atrophy, while the third, apart from loss of anterior horn motor cells, also had thoracic hydromelia. The patients died after termination of the artificial respiration.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Anesthesia and stimulation of pituitary beta-endorphin release in rats.

The effects of several anesthetic drugs and artificial respiration on the release of pituitary beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity (beta-END-LI) were examined in rats. Plasma beta-END-LI responses to halothane and pentobarbital were similar in magnitude and duration, being maximal (2- to 3-fold) by 10 min and returning to control values by 30 min after induction. Urethane anesthesia was associated with an 8-fold increase in plasma beta-END-LI throughout the 30-min treatment period. In comparison to anesthesia alone, anesthesia plus intubation with artificial respiration (standard parameters) was associated with considerably greater elevations in plasma beta-END-LI (up to 30-fold). Further, intubation and artificial respiration appear to have contributed separately, and in an additive fashion, to the overall beta-END-LI responses observed. As compared to halothane anesthesia alone, intubation evoked a 4-fold increase in circulating beta-END-LI, whereas intubation plus ventilation was associated with a 12-fold increase. Treatment with morphine (1 or 5 mg/kg), but not pancuronium (0.3 mg/kg), attenuated the plasma beta-END-LI response to mechanical ventilation, suggesting that a subconscious phenomenon, perhaps related to pain, was partially responsible for the profound release of pituitary beta-END-LI associated with artificial respiration. Chromatographic analysis of the molecular forms of beta-END-LI released into plasma revealed that both beta-END- and beta-lipotropin (beta-LPH)-sized peptides were secreted under the present experimental conditions. Since the analgesic form of beta-END (beta- END1 -31) is cosecreted with beta-LPH from the pars distalis, increases in the fraction of plasma beta-END-LI corresponding to beta-END in size were probably due to the release of opiate active beta- END1 -31.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1990

[Postoperative ventilation in the "iron lung"].

Postoperative artificial ventilation by using an endotracheal tube may cause a pulmonary infection. A possibly necessary permanent sedation and relaxation may result in an additional danger for the patient. The principle of the "iron lung" represents an alternative to endotracheal artificial respiration, which applies especially to endangered patients who are under postoperative artificial respiration. After an abdominal operation five patients have been extubated and artificially respirated by using the "iron lung" principle while not being able to breath by themselves. The degree of the sedation was monitored both intraoperatively and postoperatively using an automatic EEG classification. The performance spectrum of the respiratory curve enabled very early detection of the onset of spontaneous respiration.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1988

[Effectiveness of bronchial lavage with a new double-lumen catheter].

The effectiveness of tracheobronchial lavage in the traditional manner with application of a rinsing solution into the endotracheal tube of artificially ventilated patients is unsatisfactory. In order to improve this a new double lumen catheter was developed. Beside the suction channel with a normal diameter is another very small channel, through which a rinsing solution or drugs can easily be applied endobronchially. The rinsing solution can be poured with high speed through this small channel into the peripheral bronchi. In comparison with the traditional method, endobronchial saline instillation and suctioning can be done more quickly during continuous artificial respiration. The tube was compared with a common suction catheter in 16 patients. These patients were intubated and given artificial respiration. Endobronchial rinsing and suctioning were done periodically. The suctioned bronchial secretion was measured and arterial blood gases were evaluated. Using the dual lumen probe, the suctioned volume was 3.8 times higher. In a short time the arterial oxygen pressure rose from 100% to 123%. An obvious improvement in ventilation could be seen even after 1 h. There was a positive correlation between the suctioned volume and the rise in oxygen pressure. Only suctioning of more than 3.7 ml was accompanied by a rise in the arterial oxygen pressure. Because of continuous artificial respiration, the arterial carbon dioxide pressure was kept constant. Therefore, there is a catheter available that makes it possible to perform a much more effective endobronchial lavage in a shorter period of time.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

[Acute and chronic respiratory insufficiency in diseases of the nervous system].

From the practical experience gained in a neurological intensive-care ward criteria and parameters which require specific consideration in long-term artificial respiration are reported. These empiric data were gathered in the reanimation of 490 patients suffering from different illnesses of the nervous system. Treatment was most efficient in the cases of acute poliomyelitis, polyradiculoneuritis, botulism and myasthenia gravis. A detailed account is given of the metabolic changes observed in the application of artificial respiration. The facts reported indicate that during long-term artificial respiration the blood gas metabolism changes and the vital regulatory centres adapt to the condition.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1990

Continuous monitoring of intracranial pressure in Reye's syndrome--5 years experience.

Monitoring of intracranial pressure (ICP) and efforts to keep the ICP below the critical level are vital in the treatment of Reye's syndrome. Continuous monitoring of ICP was carried out in 21 cases of Reye's syndrome who were at or beyond stage III at the time of admission to the Veterans General Hospital, between January 1981 and August 1986. Seventeen had ICP ranging from 15 mmHg to 67 mmHg. Three patients died, 1 in stage V with an ICP of 67 mmHg received a craniectomy, and 2 others were in stage IV with ICP's of 66 mmHg and 25 mmHg, respectively. The fatality rate was 14% (3/21). Among 18 patients, 5 had moderate psychomotor retardation (PMR), 4 had severe PMR and 2 had mild PMR. The remaining 7 patients survived without sequelae. Blood exchange transfusion could further reduce ICP and seemed to improve neurologic outcome. Blood ammonia higher than 400 micrograms% is indicative of a bad prognosis. Hyperventilation was the most rapid and effective means of reducing moderate degrees of increased ICP. During intensive supportive care, we also found that coughing, endotracheal intubation, seizures, asynchronous respiration to an artificial respirator, suction of the airway and any painful stimulation caused further increases in ICP and worsened the situation. Care should be given to avoid these factors.

Ammonia↗
PubMed1990

[Critical illness polyneuropathy].

Critical illness polyneuropathy is a syndrome of neuromuscular complications after artificial respiration. The authors present the data of their own 22 patients all suffering from severe flaccid tetraparesis, areflexia and muscle atrophy, after an average of two weeks on artificial respiration. The prognosis is relatively favourable. The multi-conditional causes are discussed with emphasis on the combination of polyneuropathy and myopathy. The role of plasma factors such as cachectin, which is identical to tumour necrosis factor (TNF), is described. Attention is drawn to this important illness which occurs especially in patients in the intensive care unit with problems in the weaning from artificial respiration.

Bed Rest↗
PubMed2006

[Surgical fixation of the ribs for flail chest injuries].

The record of 20 patients presenting with flail chest injury from 1998 to 2005 was reviewed to determine surgical indication and timing. There were 4 groups with each indication as followed: 1) 8 patients with surgical indication for injury regions other than fractured ribs, 2) 5 without improvement of flail chest after internal pneumatic stabilization for more than 10 days, 3) 4 performed surgical fixation positively for flail chest with respiratory failure, 4) 3 with strong deformation of the thorax without respiratory failure. Eight patients (40%) required artificial respiration for more than 6 days after surgical stabilization. The reasons of prolonged artificial respiration included unconsciousness in 4 patients, pneumonia in 2, and others in 2. In the group consisting of 8 patients taking more than 6 days to be extubated after surgical fixation, the injury severity score (ISS) was significantly higher (p = 0.006) than that of the other group. In patients with no improvement of flail chest after internal pneumatic stabilization for more than 10 days, surgical fixation reduces the period of internal pneumatic stabilization and the risk of pneumonia. For the elderly who can develop complications easily, early indication of surgical fixation should be considered. In patients with unconsciousness or ISS > or = 25, the extubation delays frequently after surgical fixations.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Intensive care therapy of newborn infants (author's transl)].

Intensive care of newborn babies consists of immediate resuscitation during the very first minutes after birth, intensive management during the transportation and treatment at the intensive care unit. The importance of immediate resuscitation for the following therapeutic management is stressed. The modern system of correct and well-organized transport for newborn babies is also described. As to the diagnostic and therapeutic management in the intensive care unit, attention is called to the fact that it does not consist only of artificial respiration; in particular, temperature, blood glucose concentration, blood gas analysis and all vital functions must be constantly controlled. The importance of exact dosage of the administered oxygen during the intensive care of newborn babies is demonstrated. The indications, practical management and complications of artificial respiration are detailed. Finally, the good results which can be achieved in this field, with a significant reduction in mortality of artificially-respirated infants, are shown by the present investigation. Good organization, modern technical equipment and, especially, well-trained staff are indispensable foundations for the successful management of newborn infants requiring intensive care.

Austria↗
PubMed1978

[Surgical treatment of the flail chest (author's transl)].

Six patients with traumatic flail chest underwent surgical stabilization using a procedure introduced by Brunner, Hoffmeister and Koncz (2). Compared with internal stabilization by intermittend positive pressure respiration (IPPR), there are some advantages: Time of artificial respiration is shortened, early mobilization is possible, nursing is easier. The procedure is simple to do and is indicated in those patients, in whom longterm artificial respiration is not necessary for other reasons.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Electrocardiographic observation on goats with urea-ammonia poisoning and a consideration on the main cause of death.

Changes in electrocardiograms, blood pressure, pH, and partial pressure of gases (Po2 and Pco2) in arterial blood were studied in goats poisoned by urea or ammonium compounds under spontaneous and artificial respiration and in nonconvulsive state. Abnormal electrocardiogram patterns, such as ventricular flutter, ventricular premature beat, atrioventricular dissociation, depression of ST-segment and sinus tachycardia, were all observed after the occurrence of tetanic convulsion. The electrocardiogram pattern seen at the respiratory arrest showed sinus or supraventricular tachycardia; respiratory arrest preceded cardiac arrest in all the goats, but one. Blood pressure was markedly elevated, accompanied with tetanic convulsion. Po2 decreased gradually and the level was below 30 mm Hg (37.0 degrees C) at respiratory arrest and the final opisthotonus. Artificial respiration starting at the final opisthotonus could delay the cardiac arrest. Under nonconvulsive urea-poisoning with gallamine triethiodide and with artificial respiration of air or a mixture of air and oxygen to elevate the Po2 level, changes of electrocardiogram, blood pressure, and Po2 were similar to those seen under convulsive urea-poisoning. The main cause of death was discussed and presumed to be respiratory and cardiovascular failure.

Ammonia↗