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The role of vision and proprioception in the aversion of rats to the open arms of an elevated plus-maze.

The elevated plus-maze test is usually run with a short edge surrounding the open arms in order to prevent the rats from falling. The present experiment investigated the role of transparent edges differing in heights: 1 (used as control), 5, 10, 20 and 40 cm, the latter the same height as the closed arm walls. Additionally, this 40-cm high transparent edge was also studied covered by white translucent or black opaque paper. The data show that the time spent in the open arms was significantly greater when the edge height was 5, 10 or 40 cm covered by the white or black paper. However, there were no differences from the 1-cm control edge when the height was 40 cm transparent. A similar effect was observed when entries in the open arms and total entries were analyzed. The facts that there were no differences when the open arms were surrounded by 1- or 40-cm transparent edges (which allow thigmotaxis) and that the same 40-cm edge caused increases in exploratory behavior when covered by papers indicate that vision triggers aversion to open spaces.

Journal Article↗

[Conduction velocities of motor, cutaneous sensory, and IA proprioceptive fibers in normal newborn infant at term].

Conduction velocities of non-nociceptive cutaneous and IA afferent fibres and alpha-motor fibres from ulnar, median, deep peroneal, posterior tibial and sural nerves have been measured in healthy full-term newborns, using surface electrodes. There is an overlapping in the distribution of the individual values of conduction velocities for the different types of fibres. The conduction velocities of cutaneous afferent fibres are not different in the upper or lower limbs. The conduction velocities of motor and IA fibres are higher in the upper than in the lower limb. In the upper limb, conduction velocities of IA fibres are higher than those of motor fibres, as they are in the lower limb for the posterior tibial nerve. Moreover, conduction velocities of motor fibres do not differ in males and females.

Humans↗