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PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluating an innovative program to improve new nurse graduate socialization into the acute healthcare setting.

PROBLEM: New nurse graduates experience a stressful role transition into healthcare organizations, with 30% leaving their first job within 1 year and 57% leaving by 2 years of employment. AIM: This study tests whether an internship program, Social and Professional Reality Integration for Nurse Graduates (SPRING), improves new nurse graduate retention, sense of belonging, organizational commitment, and anticipated turnover. DESIGN: Quasi-experimental, posttest only, control group design. METHOD: New nurse graduates hired by an academic institution that completed SPRING were compared with baseline nurse graduates who did not complete SPRING, using the Organizational Commitment Questionnaire, Modified Hagerty-Patusky Sense of Belonging Instrument, and Anticipated Turnover Scale. Retention was also examined. RESULTS: Anticipated Turnover was higher for baseline nurses than for 6-month SPRING nurses. Six-month SPRING nurses have lower antecedent sense of belonging than baseline or 12-month SPRING nurses. One-year retention is higher for SPRING new graduates than for non-SPRING new graduates. CONCLUSION: Internship programs for nurse graduates must support the socialization of nurses and their transition into the professional role as well as teach the skills and knowledge needed for competence. This study supports the value of a comprehensive program for new nurse graduates in improving nurse retention and decreasing new nurse graduate intent to leave the organization at 6 months.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

Development and validation of a scaled questionnaire for evaluation of residency programs.

As residency programs adapt to the need to promote primary care, the importance of quantitating qualitative issues increases. In this study, a questionnaire based on reported residency stressors was answered by 238 internal medicine residents. The Profile of Mood States (POMS) was also completed by 64. Factor analysis derived three scales reflecting emotional distress and satisfaction with the workload and learning environment. Emotional distress correlated positively with POMS scores indicating depression and dejection and was inversely related to workload. Workload satisfaction was significantly higher in programs with fewer admissions and lower in programs with greater patient loads. Responses did not differ by postgraduate year of training. Residents in different programs showed significant differences in emotional distress and workload but not learning environment. Residents in university programs indicated more stress and less satisfaction with workload than those in community programs. This study supports the validity of the three scales and provides insights into elements of the educational process that are difficult to quantitate.

Affect↗
PubMed2002

Computational analysis of crystallization trials.

A system for the automatic categorization of the results of crystallization experiments generated by robotic screening is presented. Images from robotically generated crystallization screens are taken at preset time intervals and analyzed by the computer program Crystal Experiment Evaluation Program (CEEP). This program attempts to automatically categorize the individual crystal experiments into a number of simple classes ranging from clear drop to mountable crystal. The algorithm first selects features from the images via edge detection and texture analysis. Classification is achieved via a self-organizing neural net generated from a set of hand-classified images used as a training set. New images are then classified according to this neural net. It is demonstrated that incorporation of time-series information may enhance the accuracy of classification. Preliminary results from the screening of the proteome of Thermotoga maritima are presented showing the utility of the system.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2000

Organizational approaches to the HIV/AIDS crisis.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has played a major role in controlling the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the United States. After implementation of perinatal zidovudine therapy in 1994, the efforts of the CDC and others produced a dramatic decline in perinatal HIV transmission. However, in recent years, approximately 300 perinatally infected infants have been born annually in the United States. To further reduce this number, the CDC has identified four prevention goals: improve prenatal care, recommend HIV testing, ensure treatment for HIV-infected pregnant women, and ensure follow-up care. To address these goals, the CDC launched a prevention plan consisting of surveillance, research, outreach strategies, grant programs, evaluation efforts, and policy development. Globally, the CDC tailors this plan to meet the needs of developing countries. The CDC provides technical assistance to international organizations to help develop, implement, and evaluate global prevention programs. Specific international sites are targeted for new research and programs to reduce perinatal HIV transmission.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2001

Community-oriented oral health promotion for infants in Jerusalem: evaluation of a program trial.

OBJECTIVES: This study sought to measure the effect of a community health education program on reported infants' bottle-feeding practices and infants' toothbrushing behavior, with or without distribution of toothpaste and toothbrushes. METHODS: In this quasi-experimental comparison group design study conducted in mother and child health centers in Jerusalem, parents of 727 children were surveyed by telephone at baseline and six months later. The cohort of infants was aged 6-12 months at baseline. The program group received structured health education. The control group received no organized educational intervention. Within the program and control groups, half of the centers were randomly given toothpaste and toothbrushes. RESULTS: Parents' reports revealed a secular 32.5 percent increase in toothbrushing for infants with no intervention, 45.1 percent for infants only receiving toothpaste and toothbrushes, 43.7 percent for infants only receiving the health education program, and a 60.4 percent increase for infants receiving health education together with toothpaste and toothbrushes (chi-square, P = .0002). Modification of bottle-drinking practices, in this program, was unsuccessful. CONCLUSION: The free distribution of toothpaste and toothbrushes, together with an oral health education program, is recommended as a potentially practical and effective method of promoting early oral hygiene practices.

Arabs↗
PubMed1997

Computer analysis of mammography phantom images (CAMPI): an application to the measurement of microcalcification image quality of directly acquired digital images.

The purpose of this investigation was to apply the recently developed CAMPI (computer analysis of mammography phantom images) method to a Fischer Mammotest Stereotactic Digital Biopsy machine. Another aim was to further elucidate the nature of the empirically introduced CAMPI measures. Images of an American College of Radiology (ACR) accreditation phantom centered on the largest two speck groups were obtained on this machine under a variety of x-ray conditions. An additional measure, alternative SNR (ASNR) is introduced which is complementary to the SNR measure. Analyses of the Mammotest images revealed that the mAs and kVp dependencies of the CAMPI measures could be understood from basic imaging physics principles. It is shown that: (1) the measures reflect the expected linearity of the digital detector and Poisson photon statistics; (2) under automatic exposure control (AEC) conditions the signal (SIG) measure is proportional to subject contrast; and (3) under AEC conditions the noise (NOI) measure is proportional to the square root of the average absorbed photon energy. Correspondence with basic imaging physics principles shows that the measures are significantly free of artifacts. Precision of the CAMPI measures exceeds that of human observers by orders of magnitude. CAMPI measures are expected to be more relevant to clinical mammography than Fourier metrics as the measurements are done on objects of arbitrary shape and size that were designed by the manufacturer to resemble various detection tasks in mammography. It is concluded that CAMPI can perform objective and highly precise evaluations of phantom image quality in mammography. It could be used as a sophisticated quality control tool, as a replacement for the current ACR/MQSA phantom evaluation program, and to evaluate the rapidly evolving digital mammography technology.

Biophysical Phenomena↗
PubMed1977

A halfway house for mentally ill offenders.

The authors describe the resocialization of recovering mentally ill male offenders through the halfway house program to which they were released. A number of guiding principles are discussed in connection with the care of this high-risk population. Partial residence for those about tp be discharged from the hospital was one feature of the program. Evaluation of the program after three years showed a lower than average rate of recidivism and relatively low operating costs; in addition, it appeared that predictions regarding possible dangerousness can be made with greater confidence when halfway house residence is part of the treatment plan for this type of population.

Aftercare↗
PubMed2004

Evaluation of a program aimed at increasing referrals for asthma education of patients consulting at the emergency department for acute asthma.

BACKGROUND: Emergency department (ED) visits for asthma may reflect poor asthma control, often due to insufficient asthma education and medical follow-up. However, few patients consulting an ED for asthma are referred for education. AIMS: To describe a model for automatic referral to educational interventions targeting patients consulting at the ED for acute asthma, to demonstrate how this model can be integrated into current care, and to increase referrals for asthma education. METHODS: The program combines a short ED-based educational intervention with the goal of motivating patients and their families to pursue an educational program with an automatic referral to an asthma education center (AEC) after agreement with ED physicians. The program was implemented in nine acute care centers with a high number of ED visits for asthma. The main study parameter was the number of patients referred to an AEC after 4 months of program implementation, as compared with 4 months before. In addition, we assessed potential barriers to successfully establishing the program. RESULTS: In the first 4 months of the program, 1,104 patients were referred to an AEC, compared with 110 for the same period the year before; 106 patients (15%) patients could not be contacted, 114 patients (16.1%) refused the intervention, 488 patients (68.9%) made appointments, and 346 patients (48.9%, or 72.8% of scheduled patients) honored their appointments. CONCLUSION: We describe a model of educational intervention for asthmatic patients consulting at the ED. We found that ED professionals can motivate patients to attend an asthma education program and that an automatic referral process is well accepted by ED staff. Such intervention can help to reduce asthma-related morbidity, but local barriers to implementation of such program should be addressed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2004

Strategies for avoiding reinventing the precollege education and outreach wheel.

The National Science Foundation's recent mandate that all Principal Investigators address the broader impacts of their research has prompted an unprecedented number of scientists to seek opportunities to participate in precollege education and outreach. To help interested geneticists avoid duplicating efforts and make use of existing resources, we examined several precollege genetics, genomics, and biotechnology education efforts and noted the elements that contributed to their success, indicated by program expansion, participant satisfaction, or participant learning. Identifying a specific audience and their needs and resources, involving K-12 teachers in program development, and evaluating program efforts are integral to program success. We highlighted a few innovative programs to illustrate these findings. Challenges that may compromise further development and dissemination of these programs include absence of reward systems for participation in outreach as well as lack of training for scientists doing outreach. Several programs and institutions are tackling these issues in ways that will help sustain outreach efforts while allowing them to be modified to meet the changing needs of their participants, including scientists, teachers, and students. Most importantly, resources and personnel are available to facilitate greater and deeper involvement of scientists in precollege and public education.

Biotechnology↗
PubMed1997

[Evaluation of the program for leprosy control in counties of the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil].

INTRODUCTION: A retrospective analysis of the Program for Leprosy Control in four counties of Mato Grosso State, on the Brazil-Bolivian frontier, has been undertaken in the present study. POPULATION AND METHODS: The health care service records of all patients registered by the Programs for Leprosy Control during the period from the beginning of their activities up to 1990 inclusive were checked. Final analysis was performed by epidemiological and operational indicators for the follow-up of control activities of Leprosy Control, as defined by the World Health Organization. RESULTS: An inadequate recording of information given by the patient was detected in more than half of all cases. The prevalence of leprosy varied from 15 to 48/10,000, in the period studied. The annual detection rate of new cases was 112/100,000 in 1990. CONCLUSION: The results suggest a high endemicity pattern for leprosy in the region. With regard to operational indicators our finding showed inadequate practice regarding all the activities of the program probably worsened by the poor qualification of the health workers involved in the assistance given.

Bolivia↗