Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Program Efficiency”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,135 records · Page 63Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

The big squeeze in search of a sustainable future for suburban community hospitals.

Suburban community hospitals face increasing competition from two sides-from larger regional providers and freestanding diagnostic and treatment centers. To effectively meet this challenge, these hospitals require rigorous integrated strategic financial planning. The hospitals should take a close look at their key differentiation strategies with respect to operational efficiency, performance and quality, program and service mix, market focus, physician staff alignment, and system linkage.

Economic Competition↗
PubMed2006

What physicians can do about the tobacco problem: best practice interventions for your practice and office.

This article is the first in a series of four providing up-to-date information about the tobacco problem and how physicians can effectively intervene. Three of the four articles are accredited for free continuing medical education (CME) credit for physicians. The CME credit is being provided free of charge by Nemours via the Web site www.pedseducation.org. Physicians may obtain credit by logging on to this site, registering, and completing the post-test and evaluation materials. This article reviews the best evidence-based approaches for tobacco intervention in the busy office. It discusses the implementation of the following components of a tobacco-control program to effectively and efficiently address the tobacco problem: 1) physician counseling to promote smoking cessation, 2) strategies to promote abstinence from smoking, 3) strategies to minimize environmental tobacco smoke exposure, 4) strategies to encourage tobacco use cessation, and 5) office-based interventions. By reading the article and completing the post-test, it is anticipated that the following learning objectives will be met: 1) physicians will become familiar with best practice interventions for tobacco counseling and limiting secondhand smoke exposure, and 2) physicians will become familiar with office based strategies to promote a strong anti-smoking message.

Counseling↗
PubMed1991

[Respiratory risk of general surgery in adults].

Disorders of ventilation and postoperative bronchial and pulmonary infections still create serious problems in general surgery. Three factors determine these complications: (1) the transient and usually resolutive repercussions of anaesthesia on ventilation; (2) the sometimes deep and prolonged alteration of lung function directly due to the surgical procedure, and (3) the patient's underlying condition. In practice, this last group of surgical patients can be divided into fragile subjects (elderly people, pregnant women), subjects at risk (smokers, malnourished or obese patients) and disabled subjects suffering from chronic obstructive or restrictive lung disease, asthma or heart disease. Preoperative clinical, radiological and, chiefly, functional evaluation leads to preventive measures. Preparation for surgery relies, to a great extent, on respiratory physiotherapy which, if needed, may be integrated in a pneumological therapeutic program. Combined with an efficient postoperative analgesia and with an optional anaesthesia technique, respiratory physiotherapy is essential to the prevention of respiratory complications in surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Use of a computer in a clinical-toxicological laboratory with a fuzzy search].

If a clinician is faced with acute intoxications a rapid toxicological test is essential. The toxic substances are identified by a combined use of various systems of analysis such as gas chromatography, thin-layer chromatography or UV-spectroscopy. As the result of the analysis a data pattern is obtained which can be interpreted by comparing it with substance-related reference patterns. This paper describes a computer-program which allows more efficient reference comparisons and which gives a support of the decisions. The algorithms of the comparisions are based on fuzzy-theory.

Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted↗
PubMed1991

[Post natal depression: the socio-environmental factors].

In the weeks and months that follow the birth of a child, between 10 and 20 per cent of mothers experience serious or moderate symptoms of depression. This state of psychological distress affects the mother-infant interaction, and can modify the child's development in the longer term. Recent studies increasingly link these symptoms to environmental and psychosocial stress factors. The setting up of relevant and efficient prevention and promotion programs requires a better understanding of the effect of stress and social support on the mental health of mothers.

Child Development↗
PubMed1991

[An effective method for the estimation and comparison of the ED50 with small sample sizes].

In ED50 experiments the relationship between dose and probability of response is often modelled by the probit function. Standard statistical analysis estimates the parameters of this function by the maximum likelihood principle and derives the ED50 and its fiducial limits from these parameters. Bayesian analysis is more effective in two respects: It optionally includes prior information and in all but very few instances yields confidence intervals, whereas fiducial intervals often cannot be determined. Bayesian analysis of experiments with one substance has been treated in GRIEVE (1988). In the present article the mathematically interested reader is shown how to compare two substances. The probability of higher ED50 in the one substance as well as estimates of the ratio of the ED50's are obtained. The methods are easily extended to the effective dose for any other reasonable percentage of animals, e.g. ED90 or ED25. Experiments concerning lethal doses can be analysed by these methods as well. Both types of analysis are applied in two examples which compare new batches of vaccines with an established standard. In the first example both substances are nearly equivalent, while in the second example the new batch is considerably more efficient. An interactive FORTRAN program for a personal computer is available (cf. last section of 5.). It computes the maximum likelihood and the Bayesian solution, using approximate formulas in the latter case. Due to these approximations it was possible to develop a Bayesian program which is fast enough to run on a PC. Validation procedures have been performed. The output consists of a print file and, optionally, an ASCII file containing the coordinates of the posterior probability density and distribution functions.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

PaperChase: a user-friendly program for searching the biomedical literature.

PaperChase is a computer program which provides an efficient interface to the National Library of Medicine's MEDLINE database of references to the biomedical literature. The database includes references (citations) and abstracts compiled from Index Medicus, the International Nursing Index and the Index to Dental Literature. PaperChase may be accessed using any computer terminal or personal computer with modem. No special knowledge of computers or biomedical terms is necessary. Simple menus enable the novice to search the biomedical literature without training. A command language speeds searching for the experienced user. PaperChase does not require the user to know the database's indexing terminology, called Medical Subject Headings. Everyday language may be used and PaperChase will translate, or "map", the user's search term into the required Medical Subject Heading. PaperChase monitors a search in progress and suggests additional Medical Subject Headings which can be used to broaden or narrow a search. The searcher can order a full-text photocopy of any reference found in PaperChase. Support documentation and a subscriber newsletter are provided at no charge. Trained search specialists are available to offer assistance and to answer questions.

MEDLARS↗
PubMed1990

Taxpayers on the ward. Quality improvement through the Citizen Monitoring Program.

This chapter describes the Massachusetts Citizen Monitoring Program and discusses the program's history and rationale. Although the program has great intuitive and political appeal, little data currently exists with which to assess its effectiveness in improving patient care. The monitoring and evaluation model of the Joint Commission on Accreditation for Healthcare Organizations is proposed as an alternative to the present program. Under the proposed model, the program should become more efficient and effective.

Community Participation↗
PubMed1990

[Evolution of autotransfusion: effect of a diet with and without the ingestion of iron].

The efficiency of an autotransfusion program was studied over two groups of patients undergoing an elective surgery. The A group (n = 41) was on dietotherapy program associated with a supplement of ferrous sulfate and the B group (n = 35) on dietary intervention only. Red cell volume (RCV), haemoglobin (Hb) and haematocrit (Ht) were determined previously to the autotransfusion, during the same and before the surgical intervention. Serum ferritin levels were measured in the B group patients previous to the autotransfusion and before the surgical intervention. No statistically significant differences were observed among the two groups with regard to the RVC variations, Hb or Ht during the autotransfusion process. Although 85% of the A group patients showed secondary digestive effects due to oral ferrous therapy, no patients from the B group showed any sign of these effects whatsoever. The results of the present study suggest that a diet rich in easily bioavailable iron could be an alternative therapy during the autotransfusion procedure.

Blood Transfusion, Autologous↗
PubMed1987

Heterogeneity of age-related fractures: implications for epidemiology.

Despite a general impression to the contrary, the risk factors for age-related fractures are poorly understood. There are indications, however, that these risk factors may vary from one skeletal site to another, depending on the pathophysiology of bone loss at the site and on the relative contributions of trauma and bone strength. Accurate knowledge of risk factors for specific fractures could help in the design of efficient screening and treatment programs for osteoporosis, while a clear understanding of fracture heterogeneity might lead to new hypotheses concerning etiology. However, a much more comprehensive approach to the study of the risk factors for age-related fractures will be necessary to achieve these ends.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The establishment and operation of a computerized data bank in benign breast disease. (Preliminary results on 297 cases).

The principles of setting up and utilization of a data bank for breast benign pathology and medical gynecology are described. In presenting these principles the authors make an analysis of the loading phases with the two afferent programs for adding, changing and wiping out information. With respect to utilization, two applicative programs for computing the efficiency of the selective hormonal treatment (regarding each and all patients) are analyzed. The paper provides the necessary instructions which enable the specialist physician to work directly with the computer. The principles are exemplified by the results obtained with a first series of 297 menstruated patients with several clinical forms of benign breast disease (unique or multiple cysts, lesions corresponding to an adenoma or fibroadenoma, mammary lumps) hormonally treated in an average series of 3 therapeutic cycles.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1986

[Epidemiology and early recognition of cervical cancer].

Probably due to intensive methods of early recognition, the incidence of uterine cervix cancer is decreasing in all industrialized countries. The efficiency of early recognition programs is well documented in literature, but these results are by far not achieved in clinical practice: for example only 30% of all women of childbearing age are reached by prophylactic medicine. There are also problems with respect to the quality assurance in cytology and colposcopy. As to etiology, certain papilloma viruses (HPV 16 and 18) are today a preferential object of research, but an individual risk has not yet been described exactly. This, however, would be important for the individualization of diagnostic methods, above all if they involve invasive procedures (e.g. Schiller abrasio, conization). This is also true for the treatment of early forms of uterine cervix cancer. The treatment, standardized to a large extent in former times (great surgical intervention according to Wertheim-Meigs in all cases) has now been replaced by an individualized therapy with a possibility to choose between conization, laser treatment if necessary, simple hysterectomy, and radical operation.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1979

[Medico-psycho-social rehabilitation of alcoholics: a multidisciplinary approach].

In heavy problem drinkers with loss of control and severe disruptive behavioral disorders, the general practitioner cannot offer a comprehensive program coping with all the disturbed parameters: those of the individual, the family, the friends, the working and leisure time environment. In these situations a multidisciplinary team approach is very helpful. A close collaboration between physician, nurse, social worker and psychologist enables the team to implement the comprehensive program in a more efficient way and with the active participation of the patient, his family and social environment. In this paper the author deals with the inner structure of the team model. Today there is a shifting from the traditional "paternalistic team model" (i.e. medical leadership) toward a more democratic team structure as a result of emancipatory pressures from the social work profession. The author presents a critical view of extreme emancipatory tendencies aiming at abolishing the disease concept of alcoholism and the team members professional identity as well as the role differences between therapist and client. The professional rehabilitation model is compared with the Alcoholics Anonymous self help model, and possibilities and limits of an interdisciplinary cooperation between the two approaches are stressed.

Alcoholics Anonymous↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nosocomial infection control: an overview.

Nosocomial infections are one of the most important public health problems in the world today. Although a great deal of attention is being directed toward the control and prevention of these infections, old problems continue to occur and new problems are constantly arising. The approximately 5% rate of nosocomial infections among patients admitted to acute-care hospitals has a significant impact on patients morbidity and morality and on the financial concerns of the patient, hospital, and community. An effective, efficient, and sensitive surveillance program developed to meet the needs of the individual hospital is absolutely necessary to obtain data on nosocomial infections from which controls and prevention programs can be developed. At the same time, lessons can be learned from the experience of other hospitals. The nosocomial infection control and prevention program must be under the general direction of a representative, interested, effective infection control committee. One area of importance under the committee's responsibility is that of an appropriate isolation program practiced by all persons within the hospital.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.↗
PubMed1984

On the use of vouchers for Medicare.

Some appealing aspects of a voucher program--promise of promoting efficiency while respecting individual preference, and capping federal expenditures--may be illusory. Adverse selection, administrative and regulatory complexity, and serious inequities are not likely to meet tests of feasibility or desirability.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Screening for phenylketonuria in New York City. Threshold values reconsidered.

In New York City from 1966 to 1970, almost all 736,469 newborns were screened for phenylketonuria (PKU). Among 1,094 infants with presumptive positive test results, 763 were followed up and 46 of them were judged to require preventive treatment. The considerable annual variation observed in the frequency of values of 4 to 6 mg/100 ml bood phenylalanine suggested low reliability at this level. Screening test results of 4 mg/100 ml, with no cases detected among them, represented 53% of all false positive results; newborns with 6 mg/100 ml results yielded 1 infant in need of treatment and accounted for 40% of the false positive results. The large volume of presumptive positive results generated by these levels presumably contributed to incomplete followup. If the threshold value for followup were raised, the effectiveness and the efficiency of the screening program could be improved. The experiences of other large PKU programs in the United States support these observations.

False Positive Reactions↗
PubMed1983

Combining nursing quality assurance and research programs.

This article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of combining nursing quality assurance and research programs in clinical settings. The intended audiences and scopes of quality assurance and research differ, causing potential conflicts in combined programs. Such conflicts include the methods of disseminating findings, action taken on data obtained, analytic methods used, and issues of territoriality. However, advantages of combining these programs are great. Nursing research can be introduced into the clinical setting via quality assurance; resultant studies are more likely to be of direct clinical relevance; and results are more likely to be integrated into practice when programs are combined rather than separate. Combined programs are also cost efficient.

Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Or↗
PubMed1983

[Development and fate of premature infants--then and now].

New scientific results and progress in technology allow even premature infants with very low birth weight to survive today. A vehement discussion arouse about effectiveness and efficiency of intensive care programs for these infants. However, an appreciation of the results at present should not be made without taking note of those achieved in former decades. A. Ylppö was the first pediatrician in Germany at the beginning of the 20th century, who was working systematically for the survival of low birth weight infants. He achieved remarkable results even at that time. After World War II the chances for survival of low birth weight infants became worse because of dangerous therapeutic innovations. In the 60's the frequency of serious sequelae could be reduced by improved therapeutic approaches. Since then the mortality rate is decreasing, whereas the frequency of serious sequelae remains nearly stable during the last 15 years. We hope that clinical research and new technologies may also reduce the morbidity of surviving premature babies in the future.

Birth Injuries↗