Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Program Appropriateness”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,135 records · Page 63Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Community-based nutrition education for improving infant growth in rural Karnataka.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a nutrition education intervention designed to improve infant growth and feeding practices. DESIGN: An intervention study using monthly nutrition education delivered by locally trained counsellors targeted at caregivers of infants aged 5-11 months. Comparison of outcomes for 2 groups--one non-intervention group of infants enrolled in 1997 that did not receive the intervention in the first year of life, and an intervention group of infants enrolled 1998-1999 that received the nutrition education. SETTING: 11 randomly selected and 2 purposively selected villages of south Karnataka. SUBJECTS: 138 Infants (n = 69 intervention) aged 5-11 months. METHODS: Families were administered a monthly questionnaire on feeding and child care behavior, and study infants were weighed at this time, using the SECA solar scales, developed for UNICEF. Logistic regression was used to examine differences between intervention and non-intervention infants in infant feeding behavior outcomes. RESULTS: Statistically significant improvement was found in weight velocity for female infants in the intervention group. These infants were also more likely to exhibit at least four positive feeding behaviors--intervention infants had a higher mean daily feeding frequency (more likely to be fed solids at least four times a day (OR = 4.35, 95% CI = 1.96, 10.00), higher dietary diversity (more likely to receive a more diverse diet OR = 3.23, 95% CI = 1.28, 7.69), and were more likely to be fed foods suggested by the counsellors such as bananas (OR = 10.00, 95% = 2.78, 33.3) compared to non-intervention infants. CONCLUSION: Nutrition education and counselling was significantly associated with increased weight velocity among girls and improved feeding behavior among both boys and girls. These results provide further evidence that community-based nutrition programs that emphasise appropriate feeding and care behavior can be used to prevent and address early childhood malnutrition in poor households.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Mother's education and ethnicity effect on health measures for children in the Haifa subdistrict].

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the association between the health markers of vaccination coverage, birth weight, hemoglobin levels and nutritional status with the ethnic origin and the mother's educational status among all infants born in 1995 and toddlers born in 1994 in the Haifa subdistrict. METHODS: The data on vaccination coverage rates and other different measures was collected from the Mother and Child Health (MCH) centers in the Haifa subdistrict. MCH centers were categorized into 4 levels of mother educational status (MES) using the distribution of the average number of years of schooling of the registered children's mothers. RESULTS: (1) More than half of the Arab sector in this study were classified in the lowest level of MES, while only 3% of the Jewish sector in this study were classified in this level. (2) No significant association between vaccine coverage rate and MES or ethnicity was found. (3) The percentage of low birth weight was higher among Jews. (4) No consistent association between birth weight and MES. (5) The rate of children with anemia was higher in Arabs (18%) than in Jews (10%). (6) No significant association between anemia and MES in both sectors. CONCLUSIONS: Differences in health measures were found to be associated with ethnicity but not with mother educational status. Arabs were found to be at higher risk for anemia and probable improper nutrition habits than Jews. Thus appropriate health promotion programs should be targeted towards this group, especially programs to improve the hemoglobin levels.

Arabs↗
PubMed2005

[Physical, psychological, social, and spiritual issues facing kidney transplant recipients].

Kidney Transplantation (KT) is one of the best treatments for patients with end-stage renal disease. The "new" organ starts functioning after transplantation, but this doesn't mean that the patient now lives without chronic illness. On the contrary, the patient is actually living with another chronic disease. KT not only keeps patients alive, but also encourages them to live their daily lives well, enjoying better psychological well-being and quality of life, and playing role functions and taking responsibilities based on their development tasks. But, KT patients encounter physical problems (infection, rejection, and long-term complications), psychological problems (social stresses, depression, low self-esteem, and altered family interaction), and unemployment issues. Nurses play an important role in assisting KT patients and should adopt appropriate interventions, education programs, and psychological counseling programs to help them to cope with their stresses. This article discusses the physical, psychological, spiritual, and social issues affecting KT patients and seeks to propose suggestions regarding future studies and KT care.

Humans↗
PubMed2004

The osteoporotic spine.

Osteoporotic vertebral fractures represent the most common type of osteoporotic fracture. They can cause significant morbidity and mortality, including physical, functional, and psychosocial impairments. Screening using fracture risk assessments can identify those at greatest risk. Medical and non-medical comprise appropriate, comprehensive treatment programs. The minimally invasive spine procedures vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty can help to significantly reduce pain and deformity in patients with severe pain and deformity from vertebral fracture.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

Morbidity and mortality in the city of Zagreb, Croatia--health needs and demands.

The aim of the study was to assess health indicators in the city of Zagreb in order to evaluate the population health status and health needs. A descriptive method was used to analyze data from regular health statistics. In the population of Zagreb, the life expectancy at birth is longer than the European average but shorter than that recorded in Austria and Slovenia. The standardized mortalitay rates of tracheal, bronchial and lung cancer, and of malignant diseases in the Zagreb population exceed the European average, whereas those of ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, uterine cervix carcinoma and breast cancer are lower than the European average. Circulatory diseases and neoplasms, the two most important groups of death causes, showed a constant rise during the 30-year period (1971-2001). The highest index of primary health care utilization (98.8%) was recorded for the > or = 65 age group, with a mean of 7.5 primary health care visits per capita. The prevalence of hypertensive disorders and of intervertebral disk diseases and other dorsopathies was significantly higher in the oldest population group (chi2 = 27.3 and chi2 = 13.43, respectively, p < 0.05 both). Considering the predominance of chronic widespread diseases that substantially influence the patient's quality of life, public health actions should primarily be focused on preserving personal autonomy of the old and sick man for as long as possible. As the standardized mortality rates of ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular diseases, tracheal, bronchial and lung cancer, and malignant diseases exceed those reported from some neighboring countries, the highest priority and needs are now related to coping with unhealthy behavior of the population such as smoking, physical inactivity, and dietary issues that should be modified and controlled through implementation of preventive programs, along with appropriate organization and management of public health services.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gingival overgrowth in renal transplant recipients induced by pharmacological treatment. Review of the literature.

Patients who undergo a renal transplant also require a pharmacological immunosuppressor therapy with cyclosporine (CsA) as well as anti-hypertensive calcium channel-blockers (CCBs); the former suppresses interferon and interleukin-2 production thus interfering with T cell cell-mediated activity, while the latter are used in order to counteract the nephrotoxicity of CsA which causes the local release, of thromboxane A2 with vascular vasoconstriction in the kidney. The use of both these drugs, particularly if used in association, leads to the onset of a clinical picture of variable entity, characterized mainly by a hypertrophy originating usually at the level of interdental papillae, and more pronounced in the anterior maxillary areas and the vestibular surfaces of the teeth, in a more or less symptomatic manner. The therapy is above all preventive, with an appropriate oral hygiene program, both professionally as well as at home, and with the use of substitutive drugs that do not present such side effects.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Border testimonials: patterns of AIDS awareness across the island of New Guinea.

This paper compares and contrasts two similar sets of data about AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) and AIDS awareness from the island of New Guinea. The goal of this comparison is to show that state policies and values can dramatically affect personal knowledge about safer sexual practices. One set was collected in 2001 in the Indonesian province of Papua, which is home to indigenous Papuans and many inmigrating Indonesians. The second set was collected in 1991-1992 in the independent state of Papua New Guinea (PNG). Papuans and Papua New Guineans share many sexual beliefs and cultural practices and have experienced similar effects of modernization, but we show that there are marked differences in public knowledge about AIDS and condoms. In general, Papuan respondents know less about condoms and use them less frequently than their PNG counterparts. We argue that a colonial form of government in Papua makes it more difficult to design culturally appropriate and effective programs.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2006

Effects of two 4-week proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation programs on muscle endurance, flexibility, and functional performance in women with chronic low back pain.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Improving functional performance in patients with chronic low back pain is of primary importance. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 2 proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) programs on trunk muscle endurance, flexibility, and functional performance in subjects with chronic low back pain (CLBP). SUBJECTS: Eighty-six women (40.2+/-11.9 [mean+/-SD] years of age) who had complaints of CLBP were randomly assigned to 3 groups: rhythmic stabilization training, combination of isotonic exercises, and control. METHODS: Subjects trained with each program for 4 weeks with the aim of improving trunk stability and strength. Static and dynamic trunk muscle endurance and lumbar mobility were measured before, at the end of, and 4 and 8 weeks after training. Disability and back pain intensity also were measured with the Oswestry Index. RESULTS: Multivariate analysis of variance indicated that both training groups demonstrated significant improvements in lumbar mobility (8.6%-24.1%), static and dynamic muscle endurance (23.6%-81%), and Oswestry Index (29.3%-31.8%) measurements. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Static and dynamic PNF programs may be appropriate for improving short-term trunk muscle endurance and trunk mobility in people with CLBP.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

If not dieting, now what?

BACKGROUND: Helping patients to achieve and maintain their most healthy weight is a common challenge. Giving a "one size fits all" set of instructions to patients who are over their most healthy weight does not help. OBJECTIVE: This article discusses approaches to assist weight loss in patients while treating each patient as an individual. DISCUSSION: By using less emotive, more supportive and accepting language, we can still talk about reality (for example "a patient being above their most healthy weight") while minimising the risk of negatively impacting on the patient's self esteem. It is important to spend time learning from the patient, factors that have influenced their relationship with their body and weight, and the reasons why that person's weight has become above their most healthy weight range. We need to help patients focus on changes to their thinking, attitude and behaviour with weight loss to come as a result of that. Motivational interviewing is a useful counselling approach. It is also helpful to have a range of options to offer patients. This may include reading resources; a team of health professionals to refer to such as dieticians, counsellors, physiotherapists, and exercise specialists; or appropriate community group programs.

Communication↗
PubMed1991

[Application of a system of serological surveillance of Chagas disease in a region of high chagasic endemia. I. Prevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in Salamanca].

A serologic study for prevalence of Chagas infection was performed in Salamanca, Northern Chile. Indirect immunofluorescence and indirect hemagglutination reactions were used in samples from 1529 females and 698 males representing 10% of the population. A total of 499 positive results were obtained. The incidence of infection increases at a mean rate of 1% per year up to age 30, declining slowly in older groups to reach a maximum of 39.7% for the population. These data will be used to implement appropriate serologic surveillance programs and sanitary control measures in this and other populations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Using thresholds to monitor dietetic services: the JCAHO 10-step process for quality assurance.

The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) is the licensing and governing agency for the evaluation of health care services. The JCAHO has developed a 10-step process to assist health care organizations in establishing appropriate quality assurance programs. The 10-step process guides the practitioner through problem identification, monitoring, evaluation, reporting, and problem resolution. Dietitians at 20 hospitals ranging in size from 125 to 1,538 beds were surveyed to obtain threshold designations used to monitor 19 dietetic services indicators in their quality assurance program. A threshold, usually designated as a percentage, corresponds to a numeric measurement. For example, a threshold of 90% would indicate that one unacceptable finding in 10 findings would meet the threshold designation for a particular indicator. The survey designated five threshold ranges--100%, 99%-90%, 89%-80%, 79%-70%, and 69%-50%--as well as the responses "no threshold set" and "not monitoring." A cumulative analysis of responses revealed that use of the five threshold ranges was reported with the following frequency: 100% threshold--16% (60 of 380) of responses; 99%-90% threshold--40% (154 of 380) of responses; 89%-80% threshold--6% (21 of 380) of responses; 79%-70% threshold--2% (7 of 380) of responses; 69%-50% threshold--1% (6 of 380) of responses; and no threshold or not monitoring--35% (132 of 380).

Dietary Services↗
PubMed1990

The conscience of the specialty.

The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) has a two-pronged Quality Assurance program for use by practitioners. The Voluntary Review of Quality Care Program allows hospital departments of obstetrics and gynecology to be reviewed, at their own request, by a team of trained reviewers. The Quality Assurance in Obstetrics and Gynecology Manual, published in May 1989, provides clinical indicators and clinical criteria to be used within a department to establish its own quality assurance program. It allows evaluation of a departmental practice; development of physician profiles, department profiles, and practice trends; and identification of educational needs. The planning of these programs is difficult. Setting standards and establishing quality assurance programs carries some risk, but certainly not the risk incurred by hearing, seeing, and doing nothing. We must provide a quality assurance program that changes appropriately and continuously with proven advances in science and technology.

Female↗
PubMed1989

Lead exposure: assessment of the risk for the general Italian population.

According to the regulations contained in the presidential decree DPR 496/82 certain Italian regions have carried out investigations--based on the blood lead level measurement--for the biological surveillance of the general population against the risk of saturnism. A work-group from the Istituto Superiore di Sanità (Italian National Institute of Health) coordinated the activity of the various centers and organized an appropriate quality control program to guarantee the quality of the analytical data collected. A total of 8635 subjects (4864 females and 3771 males) have been examined, 1968 of which (1058 females and 910 males) were under 14 years of age. The median values of the observed blood lead levels were, for the adults, 153 micrograms/l in males and 100 micrograms/l in females; and, for the children, 94 micrograms/l in males and 86 micrograms/l in females. The reference limit decreed by law for the 98th percentile is exceeded by the adult-males group, while both limits, at the 90th and 98th percentiles are exceeded by the population residing in the Portoscuso (CA) municipality. Our investigation confirms the correlation between blood lead levels, alcohol consumption, and cigarette smoking; in both sexes and in all age groups (except for females 15-25 years of age) a positive correlation of blood lead levels with alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking is clearly evident. The association of blood lead levels with alcohol seems to be stronger than that with cigarette smoking. The comparison with the results of previous investigations shows a 25% reduction of blood lead levels in the general Italian population during the 1979-1985 period.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Infectious hazards in the clinical laboratory: a program to protect laboratory personnel.

The increasing risk of exposure to blood-borne pathogens in the health care setting makes the development of effective infection control programs in the laboratory workplace critical. Central to such programs is the concept of universal precautions. The program described here relates the level of protection or precaution to the potential danger for infection, given the laboratory workstation and task which is to be performed. Four Levels of Protection are described. Implementation of this program requires that each workstation and procedure in each laboratory section be reviewed by the laboratory director and supervisory personnel for risk of exposure. Implementation additionally requires that provisions be made for both the initial and continuing education of laboratory employees. Laboratory directors and supervisors should also monitor the program to ensure compliance. There will certainly be situations unique to individual institutions or laboratory settings that may require precautions or policies over and above those described by universal precautions. Laboratory policies will not gain acceptance if they are developed and implemented without the advice and cooperation of the hospital medical staff. Employee acceptance of infection control policies will be greater if actual development and implementation actively involves the laboratory personnel who will practice them. The program described here is but one approach to the problem. Employers and laboratory directors must understand that it is their responsibility to develop a program that provides appropriate safeguards for workers who may be exposed to infectious agents in the laboratory workplace and to ensure that employees are properly trained and educated in the proper use and application of those safeguards.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

Emerging opportunities for physician-attorneys in the purchaser-driven health care industry of the 1990s.

The litigation explosion of the past decade-and-a-half has provided physician-attorneys with a seemingly endless source of opportunities for full- and part-time employment. For this and other reasons, physician-attorneys in the late 1980s still devote a substantial part of their professional time to activities directly or indirectly related to medical litigation. Nevertheless, the winds of change are blowing and soon will reach hurricane force. The excesses of the medical and legal systems (best exemplified by the litigation explosion) have sown the seeds of their own ultimate destruction during the 1990s. As a result of the substantial provider glut, the purchasers of health care are now in charge. To the extent that purchasers determine that professional liability premiums, legal costs, and defensive medical practices increase their health benefit costs, they will redesign benefit programs to provide appropriate financial incentives to channel subscribers to both the high quality, cost-effective providers and alternative medical dispute resolution options other than litigation. As the percentage of lawyers' and law firms' revenues attributable to medical litigation diminishes, one of the first expenses to be cut will be that previously allocable to physician-attorneys for expert medicolegal review and case evaluation. Medical care value purchasing is rapidly becoming the centerpiece of the emerging purchaser-driven health care industry of the 1990s. This should give way to an unprecedented demand by purchasers and providers alike for medical care evaluation, health data analysis, and the implementation of systems to measure and monitor the quality and cost-effectiveness of health care delivery. Providers, especially physician-leaders, can and should play critically important roles in helping purchasers and themselves to evaluate and improve the overall quality and cost-effectiveness of health care services. It is this increasingly important area of expert endeavor in which physician-attorneys can and should find the majority of their long-term professional opportunities. However, to capitalize on this, physician-attorneys must effect a major redirection in their primary emphasis. Although they have a distinctive training advantage in the emerging quality-driven industry over that of physician-M.B.A.s, most physician-attorneys have continued to use these skills in the reactionary world of litigation, which will rapidly go the way of the dinosaur in the 1990s.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed1989

Observations on betel-nut use, habituation, addiction and carcinogenesis in Papua New Guineans.

The method of use of betel nut in Papua New Guinea is described and the pharmacology and effects of betel nut reviewed. Both the social importance of betel-nut chewing in Papua New Guinea and its deleterious effect on health are emphasized. There is a need for more active and culturally appropriate health education programs to help prevent the negative effects of betel-nut chewing.

Areca↗
PubMed1989

Limited duty work: an innovative approach to early return to work.

One of the costly and difficult problems facing industry today is providing work for employees who have been injured on the job and are limited to some degree following the injury. Limited duty work is a job that is appropriate to an injured worker's skills, interests, and capabilities. One method of developing a plan for limited duty work is to set up a multidisciplinary task force to determine the most appropriate type of program for a particular organization. Intervention by the occupational health nurse is essential to the positive outcome of the rehabilitative process. Early return to productive work is an important facet of rehabilitation.

Humans↗
PubMed1988

Head injury. Integrated rehabilitation approach, optimal adaptation to disability.

Comprehensive rehabilitation of head injury means that all somatic, psychological and social consequences of the accident must be taken into account in order to plan the most appropriate individual therapeutic program. A review is given of the epidemiology, the different types of head injuries and the management in the acute stage and the rehabilitation stage with special reference to severe and moderate head injuries as well as minor head injuries and post-concussion syndrome.

Communication Devices for People with Disabilities↗