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At least 1,135 records · Page 63Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Vitamin C: from popular food supplement to specific drug.

The daily requirement of a human person for vitamin C (ascorbic acid) has now been established at 100 mg. This value was already on the map when Arnold Durig put together the most important needs of nutritional ingredients. The modern value rests on the saturating level of ascorbate in leukocytes, which is in the millimolar range. The mechanism of accumulation of ascorbate in these cells rests on the uptake of oxidized dehydroascorbic acid. It is very efficient and avoids loss of vitamin which occurs in vitro when ascorbate is oxidized because of the great instability of the dehydro form. Therefore and increased requirement in case of infection is very unlikely from the biochemical point of view. However, low concentrations of ascorbate are found in patients suffering from arterial diseases or diseases accompanied by arterial damage such as diabetes mellitus. Ascorbate is known as a protection factor for the arterial endothel, but it is not clear by what mechanism this protection is brought about. Moreover, under clinical conditions very high concentrations are needed, which are achieved only by intravenous infusion, and the protection is only observed when the disease is manifest, not in healthy people. Therefore, also in this respect an increase in daily intake seems of no prophylactic value. Thus, by using high concentrations of ascorbate as an i.v. drug, effects of this substance frequently observed in vitro, could be used for therapy. This includes not only treatment of arterial diseases, but also relates to the cytotoxic effects of the vitamin against certain tumor cells and may assist conventional chemotherapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Contraception outside North America: options and popular choices.

Recent data indicate that worldwide contraceptive use has reached about 50%. Effective contraceptive methods are being used by increasing numbers of women; sterilization is the most widely used method in the world. In this chapter, sociocultural influences on contraceptive choice are reviewed for selected developed countries and developing countries in Africa, Latin America, and Asia. Demographers predict that fertility control will remain a world problem for many years to come.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Nutrition in children with kidney disease: pitfalls of popular assessment methods.

Children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are considered at high risk for protein-energy malnutrition. Clinical practice guidelines generally recommend an evaluation of numerous nutritional parameters to give a complete and accurate picture of nutritional status. This review summarizes the potential limitations of commonly used methods of nutritional assessmentin the setting of CKD. Unrecognized fluid overload and inappropriate normalization of body composition measures are the most important factors leading to misinterpretation of the nutritional assessment in CKD. The importance of expressing body composition measures relative to height or height-age in a population in whom short stature and pubertal delay are highly prevalent is emphasized. The limitations of growth as a marker for nutritional status are also addressed. In addition, the prevailing belief that children with CKD are at high risk for malnutrition is challenged.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

A closer look at two popular interventions. Mpowerment and Street Smart being adapted.

HIV prevention researchers are learning firsthand how challenging it is to translate existing evidence-based interventions for different populations and dissemination. Translating the Mpowerment project and Street Smart for use in communities and populations that are different from the interventions' original use, investigators are discovering that some challenges can be predicted, but many are small nuances that become important as an intervention is changed.

Budgets↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hidden phosphorus in popular beverages.

To maintain normal serum phosphorus levels, dialysis patient education has emphasized adherence with phosphate binder prescription and low phosphorus diet. In addition to the standard advice to avoid dairy products and legumes, education also focused on lower phosphorus protein foods and beverages. To meet the public's demands for more high quality convenience food, food-processing practices have stepped up the use of phosphorus additives. These additives are now found in beverages that were once considered low in phosphorus content.

Beverages↗
PubMed2005

[Popularity of "fast-food" products consumption by school youth in urban and country secondary schools from Mazowsze area].

The aim of this study was the evaluation of frequency intake of "fast-food" products by young people in urban and country secondary schools. The group of 282 pupils (14 years) was investigated. Frequency intake was estimated using questionnaire. In the populations of boys in town frequency of consuming "fast-food" products has risen in comparison with boys from country. Three groups comprised adolescent girls (for a change) have not difference in frequency of "fast-food" consumption.

Adolescent↗