Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “PLASTER CASTS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,135 records · Page 63Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Optical data acquisition for computer-assisted design of facial prostheses.

PURPOSE: The conventional impression technique for manufacturing facial prostheses has the disadvantage of deforming the soft tissues because of the tension caused by the impression material, as well as causing discomfort to the patient. The purpose of this study was to establish a system that allows contact-free reproduction of the facial surface combined with computer-assisted design and fabrication of facial prostheses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three-dimensional data of the facial surface were obtained using an optical acquisition system based on the method of phase-measuring profilometry. A sensor head with a fringe projector and two CCD cameras for photogrammetric triangulation were used in connection with a PC for measurement control and data evaluation. Software for computer-assisted design of the facial surface to be reconstructed was developed. A prototype facial prosthesis was fabricated using stereolithography. The system was tested using a modified puppet head. First clinical tests were performed with a patient who had undergone maxillofacial surgery including the resection of one eye. RESULTS: Three-dimensional data acquisition and imaging allow visualization of a whole face without causing tension or neuromuscular reaction. As surface brightness is also part of the digital model, it is even more realistic than a plaster cast. The stereolithographic object showed good marginal fit and satisfactory shape. CONCLUSION: The presented technique allows three-dimensional data reproduction of the facial surface, computer-assisted design of a facial prosthesis, and transfer to a rapid prototyping unit. The system has obvious advantages over conventional impression techniques. Further clinical trials are planned to evaluate the clinical success of the technique.

Computer-Aided Design↗
PubMed2002

[Distraction osteogenesis for repair of cleft palate: an experimental study].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the repair of cleft palate (CP) bone defect under the application of distraction osteogenesis (DO); to investigate the correction mechanism in thin bone of palatal shelf and to search a possible new treatment approach for repair of CP. METHODS: 14 cats were assigned randomly to 3 groups: (1) Empty control, 2 cats unoperated with euthanasia at the end of 2 weeks; (2) Experimental control, 2 cats underwent 8 mm x 18 mm palatal osteoectomy in saggital direction as the experimental model of CP with euthanasia in 6 weeks; (3) Experimental group, 10 cats were performed the same palatal osteoectomy as group (2), the newly designed and individual manufactured intraoral distractors were fixed to teeth by brackets and to bilateral palate bone across the defect with titanium miniscrews. 4 weeks later the transport disc (TD) osteotomy were performed and gradual distraction was started after 6 days latency period at the rate of 0.4 mm x 2/day till the TD reached the opposite edge of the CP. Roentgenographic, gross meterage and ultrastructural observation were performed 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 weeks after completion of distraction. RESULTS: All the examinations revealed the TD recombination to the opposite bone edge of the CP, simultaneously, the proportional expansion of overlay mucoperiosteal flap was achieved. The bone defect were filled with de move osteogenesis. Roentgenographically, the new bone mineralization was along the DO vector, developed from the bone cut edges bilaterally to the central translucent zone until turned to thin fissure. Comparison of the plaster casts showed no change in the occlusion or dentomaxillofacial framework. CONCLUSIONS: The intraoral distractor is able to get both effective distraction and steady fixation. The examination results suggest that the CP bone and soft tissue defect could be repaired and acheived functional reconstruction under DO, which could be a new treatment approach for repair of CP.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Prevention and treatment of non-union of slightly displaced fractures of the lateral humeral condyle in children. An end-result study.

In a ten-year study of the healing responses of thirty-one children with fresh fractures of the lateral condyle of the humerus with less than four millimeters of displacement, there were three patterns of healing. Forty-nine per cent healed rapidly in six weeks with abundant callus and periosteal new bone. Thirty-eight per cent healed slowly over eight to twelve weeks, mostly by endosteal union with little callus. Thirteen per cent had progressive displacement of the fragment in the plaster cast and required surgery to prevent non-union. Those fractures that healed had two millimeters or less of displacement of the fragment initially. Those that did not heal had an average of three millimeters of initial displacement. Established non-unions in good position that were symptomatic while the elbow was still immature were salvaged by bone-grafting, sparing the physis of the condylar fragment. The fragment united and grew with the elbow to maturity, producing an excellent end result on long-term follow-up. When the physeal plate of the ununited condylar fragment was absent, the fragment could not grow with the elbow and the result of surgery was less satisfactory.

Bone Nails↗
PubMed1999

[Apoptosis of chondrocytes in experimental osteoarthritis].

The right knees of rabbits were immobilized in full extension for up to eight weeks using plaster cast. Specimens of the articular cartilage obtained from tibial plateau were studied by histopathologic and TDT-mediated fluorescein-dUTP nick-end labelling(TUNEL) techniques. The results showed that TUNEL-positive chondrocytes with apoptosis specific morphology were detected on superficial and middle layer of the articular cartilage from one to two weeks after immobilization, and these changes progressed until 4 weeks after immobilization. Six weeks after immobilization, TUNEL-positive chondrocytes were seen through the entire thickness of the articular cartilage. Our findings indicate that apoptosis of chondrocytes could be induced by immobilization and might be responsible for articular cartilage degeneration, and which is one of the pathways involved in the pathophysiological mechanism of osteoarthritis.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

[Primary osteosynthesis of the odontoid process: a multicenter study].

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: Direct osteosynthesis is a method of choice for the treatment of odontoid process fractures. It is based on insertion, from the anterior approach, of one or two screws from the C2 body into the apex of the odontoid across the fracture line. The tensile action of screws results in compression of fragments and stabilization of the fracture. The aim of the study was to evaluate a group of patients treated by this method and to compare our results with those reported in the foreign literature. MATERIAL: A total of 99 patients were treated by direct osteosynthesis of the odontoid in the departments involved in the study between 1994 and 2001. METHODS: Patients indicated for this surgery were those with fractures of type II according to Anderson and D'Alonzo and those with type III fractures but only when the fracture line went across the articulation surfaces of C1-C2, when closed reduction was not possible or the patients were not indicated for halo fixation. Direct osteosynthesis was not applied to fractures with comminution at the base of the odontoid, irreducible fractures, odontoid fractures combined with dislocated fractures of the atlas or pathological fractures. Severe kyphosis of the cervical spine or a large thoracic cage was also regarded as a contraindication. RESULTS: All the 99 patients were followed up from 3 up to 102 months, with an average of 28.5 months; only in seven patients, the follow-up period was shorter than 6 months. The most frequent subjective complaint was a painful operation wound. This usually resolved within two weeks of surgery. Except for four patients, alle were satisfied with the outcome. Type II fractures were diagnosed in 84 and type III fractures in 15 cases. A total of 174 screws were inserted into the odontoid processes of 99 patients. A single screw was used in 25 and two screws in 73 patients. In one case, three screws had to be inserted. Screw lenght ranged from 36 to 44 mm, diameter was 40.9 mm. Three months after surgery, X-ray examination, both in flexion and extension, did not reveal any instability in any of the patients. No morphological change in the C2-C3 intervertebral space was observed Of 92 (92.9%) paitents under longterm follow-up, 84 (91.3%) showed complete healing of the fracture, three died and five patients eventually developed pseudoarthrosis, which was due to a broken screw in three of them. This condition was treated by dorsal fixation of C1-C2 according to Magerl or by one of the dorsal cerclage techniques. The group was free of any perioperative complications related to the anterior approach or injury to nerve structures by screws. DISCUSSION: The most frequent subjective complaint was a painful operation wound. Treatment of odontoid fractures varies according to the type of injury, bone quality and also practice at each department. Type II injuries are highly unstable and, because of the small fracture surface, their healing ability is much lower than in type III fractures. Previously, most of the patients with odontoid injuries were treated conservatively by immobilization in a plaster cast or a brace or, later, by a halo device. In the long term, however, they showed a high proportion of pseudoarthroses (10 to 100%). Direct osteosynthesis of the odontoid by screws permits the maintenance of rotation of the C1-C2 mobile segment. We followed the scheme of indications used abroad but did not perform osteosynthesis to correct pseudoarthrosis. The number of osteosyntheses healed (91.3%) was also in agreement with the literature data. Earlier, we used two screws for all types of fractures. Recently, we have preferred insertion of a single screw in type II and III fractures in narrow odontoids. In the later, there is no danger of rotational dislocation during screw insertion; to insert one screw from the centre of the C2 base is easy and speeds up the procedure. However, in displaced type II and type II T fractures, two screws are a necessity. Similarly to other authors, we recorded a slight limitation of cervical spine rotation in patients at long-term follow-up, particularly in elderly subjects with advanced osteochondrosis. No complications leading to deterioration of the patient's state were recorded. CONCLUSIONS: Direct osteosynthesis is a method of choice for most of the type II and indicated cases of type III fractures of the odontoid process of the axis. This surgical procedure facilitates restoration of anatomical conditions of the spine and its immediate stability. Consequently, patients can be readily mobilized and rehabilitated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

[Treatment of pseudarthrosis of the lower third of the femur].

The results of surgical for pseudarthrosis of the lower third of the femur in 11 patients, using a modified King technic, are reported. To improve fixation of a distal fragment the authors suggest to employ two CITO pins with diverging ends at the level of femoral condyles with an additional compression by two rings of the Ilizarov apparatus. Plaster cast immobilization was not utilized. This method of fragments fixation provides an early motion of the knee joint. Roentgenologically and clinically the consolidation of fragments was noted after 4--5 months, the knee joint function being restored.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Fractures of the olecranon: a 15- to 25-year followup of 73 patients.

The incidence of olecranon fractures in adults and the long-term outcome of closed olecranon fractures in 45 women and 28 men (mean age, 54 and 36 years at the time of fracture, respectively), were examined at a mean of 19 years after the fracture. The uninjured elbows served as controls. Thirteen percent of the original fractures were displaced less than 2 mm, 65% more than 2 mm, and 22% were multifragmental. Primary treatment consisted of mobilization in 4%, application of a plaster cast in 12%, and open reduction and internal fixation in 84% of the elbows. The incidence of an isolated fracture of the olecranon in individuals older than 16 years was 1.15 per 10,000 person-years. Eighty-four percent of the 73 patients had no complaints at followup, 12% had occasional pain, and 4% had daily pain. Ninety-six percent had an excellent or good outcome. Elbow flexion and extension were reduced but most patients had no or only occasional subjective complaints. Radiographic signs of degenerative changes were found in more than 50% of the formerly fractured elbows, which was more than in the uninjured (11%). Radiographic signs of osteoarthritis were found in 6% of the formerly fractured elbows versus zero percent in the uninjured, of which only two patients had a poor outcome. Isolated, closed fractures of the olecranon in adults have a favorable, long-term outcome.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Posterior plantar release in the treatment of congenital pes equinovarus].

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: The study present one of the possible surgical strategies of the therapy of the congenital varus club foot in the youngest patients, most frequently in infants and toddlers. This strategy is used in rigid varus club feet of Dimegli Group 1 and 2. It is possible also to use it in the rebelling varus club feet, however, the reconstruction is more difficult in these cases. MATERIAL: In the period of 1983-2000 the method of posteroplantar release was used 93 times, of which 59 times as a primary surgery and 34 times during revision surgery. The youngest patients were 8 months old, the oldest children were during the revision surgery 8 years old. METHODS: In case of the persisting adduction and varus deformity after conservative therapy of the congenital varus club foot first of all plantar release of the forefoot was performed and subsequently from a slightly oblique longitudinal approach a radical posterior capsulotomy with the lengthening of the Achilles tendon, by means of talocalcanear reduction with transfixation by K-wires. Plaster of Paris is applied during 3 months after the operation with the replacement of correction plaster casts after each 3-4 weeks. The shortest interval after the surgery was 9 months. The group comprised 47 patients (in total 62 feet). RESULTS: The followed-up group of patients was examined clinically with the simultaneous evaluation of radiographs. Excellent result--anatomical position of the foot was obtained in 68%, good result was recorded in 26%. Poor result was recorded in 2 patients in bilateral varus club foot with meningomyelocele. Radiographs showed during the evaluation of the mutual position of talus and calcaneus an increase of the angle in the lateral projection on average by 12 degrees, in anteroposterior projection by 10 degrees. DISCUSSION: The numbers of patients, indication and results of the followed-up group of patients are comporable with literary data. Excellent and good results of the posteroplantar release are even better than those of the complete release included in the literatury studies. The procedure starting by the release first the plantar structures is to a certain extent an original strategy. Usually after the operation on posterior structures the plantar release was used only subsequently in case of persisting adduction and varus deformity of the forefoot. Surgery even in case of a rebelling defect allows to use in future subsequent surgical procedures which is problematic after a complete release where there occurs in a certain percentage also necrosis of talus and calcaneus. CONCLUSION: Posteroplantar release is one of the possible surgical procedures in the solution of the rigid congenital varus club foot. Although the operation may be included in the so called procedure of small steps in most patients it solves finally the defect.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2002

[Prevalence of Carabelli's cusp in children 7-18 years old].

The purpose of the study was to examine the prevalence of the Carabelli's cusp in children aged 7-18. 326 dental plaster casts of children undergoing orthodontic treatment in our department were examined. The incidence and degree of expression were investigated in the first upper permanent molars and scored according to Dahlberg's eight grade scale classification. Dental morphological characteristics provide information on phylogenic and genetic studies and understanding variations within and among species. Our results showed that the total incidence of the cusp was 65.34%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[The three-dimensional spiral scanner and volume rendering technique: importance in craniofacial traumatology and reconstructive surgery].

There are two reconstruction methods for 3D imaging with a helical scanner: a surface rendering process providing a 3D-SSD (Surface Shaded Display) image that looks like a plaster cast skull and 3D-VRD (Volume Rendering Technique) which is more precise and gives 3D images similar to radiographs. We review briefly the techniques used to acquire these images and present 3D volume-rendering scanners, pointing out its usefulness in craniomaxillofacial traumatology and reconstructive surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Tibial plateau fracture following oblique osteotomy of the tibial tubercle: a case report].

Oblique osteotomy of the tibial tubercle is a preferred technique in patellofemoral disorders, resulting in a satisfactory clinical outcome. However, postoperative fractures of the proximal metaphysis of the tibia may often develop. An incomplete fracture of the lateral tibial plateau occurred in a 23-year-old female patient following an oblique osteotomy of the tibial tubercle. There was no history of trauma. The patient had undergone two operations in the same knee due to patellar instability. She also had bilateral high congenital hip dislocation. The correct diagnosis could only be made by computed tomography. Complete union was obtained following six weeks of plaster cast fixation. Due to inherent biomechanical limitations, complications may arise following oblique osteotomy of the tibial tubercle even adequate care is given to the surgical technique.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Immobilization osteoporosis and fracture in children].

This study was intended to enhance the diagnostic vigilance of immobilization osteoporosis with fracture and explore its prevention and treatment. Thirteen children with the hip disease underwent one to nine months of plaster cast after operation. A retrospective analysis was made on these 13 patients with fracture and immobilization osteoporosis. The result showed that disuse fracture occurred in fifteen places of their femora. All of these cases were cured by non-operative and drug treatment. These data suggest that for the cases of immobilization osteoporosis it is important to prevent fracture by means of early diagnosis, proper drugs, early function exercise, appropriately shorter period of fixation and the avoidance of trauma.

Child↗
PubMed2002

[Lesions of the distal radio-ulnar joint associated with isolated fractures of the radial shaft].

The authors have performed a retrospective study of 49 Galeazzi fractures treated between 1990 and 1998. This lesion is considered rare because it is often misdiagnosed as an isolated fracture of the radius. The mean age of the patients was 31 years. There was a male predominance with a sex ratio of 4/1. Road traffic accidents were the main etiology (45%). Galeazzi fracture type III in Mansat's classification represented 53%, followed by type II (33%), type I (8%) and equivalents of Galeazzi fracture (6%). The treatment was surgical in all cases. The radial fracture was internally fixed with a plate. Reduction of the distal radio-ulnar instability, achieved by manipulation, was maintained with radio-ulnar pin fixation in 53% and with plaster cast immobilization 45%. The results, evaluated according to Mikic's criteria were excellent in 87%. The prognosis of Galeazzi's fracture depends mainly on the initial treatment of the lesions of the distal radio-ulnar joint, which require for their diagnosis a meticulous clinical evaluation and a good radiological analysis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

The below-the-knee amputation for vascular disease.

Of 190 consecutive patients with below-the-knee amputation done for diabetic or arteriosclerotic vascular disease, 167 were successfully fitted with a prosthesis and used the prosthesis in some or all of the activities of daily living. The surgical failure rate was 4.2 per cent; only eight patients required surgical revision to a higher level of amputation. The technique of rigid plaster dressing followed by delayed application of a plaster cast and pylon was not detrimental to wound healing and did not increase the interval between surgery and the use of the prosthesis, nor did it depress the eventual level of function. When compared with our own previous experience with other flaps, the long posterior flap offered a significant advantage in healing rate.

Amputation, Surgical↗
PubMed1976

The role of the psychiatrist in myelodysplasia.

Management of the myelodysplasia patient and his family is best performed in the multidisciplinary setting of a comprehensive care clinic. Careful initial evaluation by each subspecialist on the team followed by family counseling provides the basis for selection of patients for treatment. Subsequently each subspecialist contributes up-to-date assessment and on-going medical care. Prevention of progressive orthopedic deformity through the use of plaster casts may minimize the need for surgical treatment. Severe deformities may require muscle balancing procedures. Aggressive surgical intervention is indicated in cases of progressive scoliosis and lordoscoliosis. Minimal urologic evaluation and surveillance guidelines have been developed, and prevention of irreversible renal damage is possible. Chemotherapy, adequate bladder drainage, and sophisticated techniques including sphincter and bladder electromyography and the use of artificial urinary sphincters and bladder pacemakers contribute to improved urologic management. The emotional needs of the patient and his family are complex, and support by the psychiatrist and the social worker as well as all other team members is necessary for adequate development of a well adjusted child in the face of physical handicaps.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1976

Healing of a crush injury in rat striated muscle. 4. Effect of early mobilization and immobilization on the tensile properties of gastrocnemius muscle.

Tensile properties of partially crushed gastrocnemius muscle were studied and compared with the uninjured control muscles of 185 rats after treatment by mobilization on the treadmill or immobilization in a softened plaster cast. Two to 42 days after a reproducible injury induced to the left calf of the rat, load-deformation curves were registered from both gastrocnemius muslce and several parameters were assessed from the curves. The rupture site was studied macroscopically as well as histologically. In injured muscles the rupture was usually observed at or near to the injury (92%) when in intact muscles the rupture most often (94%) occurred at the muscle belly. The decrease in breaking strength and energy absorption due to the injury was rather constant (20-25%) on day 2 after trauma. Thereafter in mobilized muscles these values, as well as those of elastic stiffness, returned to the level of the uninjured control muscles more rapidly than in immobilized muscles, where a decrease in tensile properties at the end of the first week was on an average 20-30% and fell still further to 30-40% towards the end of the immobilization period (21 days). Three weeks after the removal of the casts these values in the previously immobilized muscles had not yet reached the level of the controlateral control muscles.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Orthopedic reduction of scoliosis by Maguelone's technic. Indications and first results].

The authors describe an original technique for rapid closed reduction of scoliosis (Maguelone technique). It is based on mild distraction in suspension associated with derotation without pressure points. It is painless and efficient. In 50 cases it was followed by a conservative treatment using plaster casts. In 15 other cases it was the first stage of a surgical treatment of the deformity.

Braces↗
PubMed2003

[Treatment of supracondylar humerus fractures in children, according to Gartland classification].

Supracondylar fractures are the most common fractures in the area of elbow in children. The purpose of this study was to review and analyze the treatment patterns of supracondylar humerus fractures in childhood. There were 93 children with supracondylar humerus fractures treated in the Department of Pediatric Orthopedics within the period from March 2000 till November 2002. Ninety fractures were extension-type injuries, 3 were flexion injuries, these were not included in our study. Supracondylar humerus fractures were classified according to Gartland classification. Type III fractures were found in 63 patients, type II fractures were seen in 23 patients and 4 patients had type I fractures. Indications for treatment were determined according to fracture type. Four children were treated with external immobilization alone. Twenty-three patients underwent closed reduction and percutaneous pinning by K-wires. Sixty-two patients were treated with closed reduction and external immobilization such as a plaster cast or according to Blount. Eleven of these 62 children (type III) underwent close or open reduction and internal fixation in follow-up. In 1 case of comminutive fracture a patient underwent immediate operation. There were no early or late complications. All operated patients healed without sequela and had excellent or good results. We had noticed that all manipulations should be performed immediately in order to avoid severe swelling and neurological or vascular complications. In type I fractures we performed the external immobilization only. Type II displaced fractures can be treated satisfactorily with closed reduction and external immobilization. Type III displaced fractures should be treated with closed reduction and percutaneous pinning with K-wires under the fluoroscope guidance. It is believed to be a safe, reliable and efficient method for treatment of this difficult fracture. Indications for open reduction and internal fixation includes open fractures, fractures complicated by vascular injury, unsatisfactory closed reduction due to unstable fracture.

Adolescent↗