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At least 1,135 records · Page 63Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Effects of prism-induced, accommodative convergence stress on reading comprehension test scores.

Forty-eight binocular, non-presbyopic optometry students, unfamiliar with the purposes of the study, were provided with several matched passages of material to read in a given time sequence. Multiple choice questions were to be answered at the completion of each reading passage. These were administered in a randomly counterbalanced presentation (a b b a) utilizing either base-in prism or plano lenses in spectacle form. The results of this experiment showed a statistically significant lower comprehension rate with the base-in prism lenses in place as evidenced by fewer correct answers to the questions following the reading passages. This effect was found to be greater for the longer reading passages followed by a greater number of questions to be answered.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed1988

Role of the optometrist in age-related maculopathy.

The increasing aging segment of our population presents both a challenge and an opportunity for optometry. The challenge is to provide sufficient manpower skilled in the problems of the aging and to assure participation in any therapeutic program. The opportunity is to help those with maculopathy to achieve the required visual performance. This entails prevention measures, detection diagnosis, and referral for medical care when indicated. When medical therapy is not helpful, the optometrist employs low vision techniques to surmount the visual handicaps to achieve visual performance commensurate with lifestyle needs. A discussion of retinal performance to aid in understanding age-related maculopathy (ARM) is presented. Similarly, the various low vision techniques used to aid the patient with ARM are considered.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Accommodation and convergence: effects of lenses and prisms in 'closed-loop' conditions.

Experiments are described in which the steady-state accommodation response to binocularly viewed targets at various distances in the range 0.2-5 m was measured by laser optometry in normal, near-emmetropic subjects. Responses were determined with naked-eye viewing and when equal pairs of either spherical lenses or base-in or base-out prisms were placed before the eyes. Snellen acuity was also measured under the same range of conditions. The results show that, although the most accurate accommodation responses were found under natural viewing, the response accuracy was remarkably robust against both lenses and prisms. There was, however, always some change in response level to any increment in lens or prism power. The results are discussed in terms of earlier theories and data on the general relationship between accommodation and convergence.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed1986

Visual characteristics of rural Central and South Americans.

Rural inhabitants of Venezuela, Ecuador and Honduras were examined by volunteer optometry student interns. The resulting data indicate significantly lower best-corrected distance visual acuities, a greater prevalence of many ocular pathologies, less frequent occurrence of myopia, and an earlier onset of presbyopia than is found in the general United States population.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Radial keratotomy: an overview.

Radial keratotomy is a controversial procedure to eliminate or reduce myopia. It is being performed on a more frequent basis in this country, making it mandatory that all doctors of optometry become familiar with the operation. I begin with a brief history of the procedure, and discuss results of the Prospective Evaluation of Radial Keratotomy (PERK) study, as well as complications that patients need to be informed of.

Cornea↗
PubMed1986

Corneal power and astigmatism.

A study investigating the corneal power and degree of astigmatism in 520 patients at a university optometry clinic in Benin-City, Nigeria was undertaken. The mean low corneal power and the mean high corneal power were 42.7 +/- 1.5 diopters and 43.3 +/- 1.5 diopters, respectively. The mean corneal astigmatism was 0.61 +/- 0.63 diopters. Although female corneas were significantly steeper than those of males, there was no significant difference between the corneal astigmatism with regard to sex. The data reported suggest that nutrition plays a less important role in corneal astigmatism than other authors have proposed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

The relationship between tonic vergence and oculomotor stress induced by ethanol.

Previous investigations have demonstrated an ethanol-induced increase in distance esophoria and an increase in near exophoria, together with a decrease in negative fusional ability, the AC/A ratio and near point of convergence. The present study (N = 10) was designed to test the hypothesis that these effects are due to a biasing of vergence towards its tonic resting state when under conditions of oculomotor stress. Measurements of the parameters before and 1 hr after imbibition of a moderate dose of ethanol supported the previous findings. Darkroom measures of tonic vergence (vernier alignment) and tonic accommodation (laser optometry) were unaffected by ethanol. The study indicates that the changes in oculomotor function induced by the central inhibitory action of ethanol represent a shift towards the tonic vergence position.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed1985

Examination of the pseudophakic patient.

The use of intraocular lens implants in cataract surgery is rapidly increasing. Doctors of optometry will be performing examinations on pseudophakic patients. Observations and techniques particular to pseudophakic patient care are presented. The following discussion will assist the clinician in examination and proper management of these patients.

Aphakia, Postcataract↗
PubMed1985

Ocular trauma resulting from the explosive rupture of a liquid center golf ball.

The likelihood of a patient seeking consultation with an ocular injury due to puncturing and subsequent explosive rupture of a golf ball seems remote. This very set of circumstances occurred at our V.A. Medical Center Optometry clinic. Golf ball manufacturers receive inquiries each year concerning the makeup of these liquid centers. Lack of current available information from ophthalmic journals or poison control centers prompted an inquiry into the exact nature of these golf balls. Further concern was for the measured alkalinity and extreme pressure exhibited by the liquid center golf ball brought in by the patient just after injury occurred. A case report is presented. Retrospective evaluation of previous literature is reviewed as well as information from golf ball manufacturers.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The prevalence of the ocular side effects of chlorpromazine in the Tuscaloosa Veterans Administration patient population.

Ninety-five patients were examined between the ages of 25 and 74 years of age at the Tuscaloosa Veterans Administration Hospital and the University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Optometry. Of the 95 patients 54.7% had never taken chlorpromazine and 45.3% were taking chlorpromazine. We analyzed the prevalence of ocular side effects of chlorpromazine and found that the most prevalent side effect was anterior lens capsule dusting followed by corneal stromal pigment dusting. Both of these changes occurred at a lower cumulative dosage level than had previously been reported. The prevalence of anterior corneal epithelial opacification, anterior corneal staining, cataracts, and pigment in the macula is also reported.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Effects of training on near-far response time as measured by the distance rock test.

The practice effects of specific visual training were demonstrated on twelve seventh grade students and seven optometry students using a distance rock test to measure distance-near response time. Fourteen practice sessions resulted in a 49% improvement for seventh grade students (range 15 to 78%) and a 40% improvement in cycles per minute for college students (range 24 to 64%). Errors were corresponding reduced as cycles per minute were increased.

Child↗
PubMed1979

Assessing the Frisby Stereo Test under monocular viewing conditions.

A new random dot stereoscopic test, the Frisby Stereo Test, was evaluated to determine whether monocular information may be used in making correct responses. The performance of 34 optometry students was assessed under both monocular and binocular viewing conditions. Results indicated that one student was able to pass the test upon the initial monocular presentation. Two additional students were able to pass the test monocularly following binocular exposure. It was concluded that the Frisby Stereo test is about as effective as any other commercially available RDS test when used with adults. However, it may have potential deficiencies when used with children.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Ocular manifestations of AIDS.

The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a devastating disease which continues to claim the lives of most of its victims. Despite the media's silence, AIDS has in no way disappeared. Over 4,400 cases have been reported thus far and many more new cases are reported each week nationwide. The ocular manifestations of AIDS should alert the doctor of optometry to the possibility of an AIDS suspect, especially if the patient is in one of the major risk categories. Early detection of this disease may permit more prompt treatment and thus a better prognosis for the AIDS patient.

Abducens Nerve↗
PubMed1984

The Glenn A. Fry Award lecture: eye, lens, and care system: a ménage à trois . . .?

As optometry advances in this modern age, adjacent disciplines make increasingly greater contributions. It is at the interfaces of physiology, optics, chemistry, and other basic sciences that the answers to new and more complex contact lens problems will be found--answers which will aid in balancing the needs of the eye with the care systems and requirements of new materials in order to assure the best visual performance.

Biophysical Phenomena↗
PubMed1984

Component evaluation of cup/disk ratio estimation.

Cup/disk (C/D) ratio estimation is frequently used to evaluate cupping within the optic nerve head. Two components are involved in the determination of this value: (1) the cup and disk margin determination, and subsequently (2) the magnitude estimation of the cup size relative to the disk size. This study investigated the magnitude estimation component by asking fourth year optometry students to estimate C/D ratios on optic nerve head photographs and drawings. The importance of the magnitude estimation was demonstrated by the high degree of variability among subjects on the nerve head drawings upon which cup and disk margins were presented unambiguously. A subsequent survey of faculty clinicians indicated a large percentage of practitioners (41%) have no method they consciously use to help determine their C/D ratio estimate. A specific method is presented which allows clinicians to simply and logically deduce this magnitude estimation.

Glaucoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

OHN's play an important part in eye care and treatment.

Eye services the occupational nurse can render have been outlined. The degree to which the nurse may render care will vary according to applicable state statutes governing the practice of medicine, nursing, optometry and, in some cases, opticianry. Written directives must conform and consultation with company legal representatives is in the interest of the company and the medical staff.

Burns, Chemical↗
PubMed1984

The innate vs. the learned: visual imagery and the role of experience.

Behavioral optometry has certain basic tenets. This paper attempts to probe the philosophical base of one of these, the role of experience as it relates to visual imagery and visualization, to determine if it stands up to scrutiny. Recent studies involving the congenitally blind are presented that appear to demonstrate the existence of important unlearned factors. The implications of these and their clinical application are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Vision symptoms with asteroid bodies in the vitreous.

Asteroid bodies in the vitreous present the doctor of optometry with a spectacular ophthalmoscopic view of numerous, minute yellow-white spheres in an otherwise normal vitreous. They have little or no association with systemic disease, and they are not often thought of as a cause for vision symptoms. We report four cases of vision symptoms that we believe were caused by asteroid bodies in the vitreous. The symptoms varied from minor impairments in visual acuity to floaters.

Aged↗