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PubMed1991

On the inhibition mechanism of the sialidase activity from Newcastle disease virus.

N-Acetylneuraminic, 2-deoxy-2,3-didehydro-N-acetylneuraminic acid and the beta anomer of methoxyneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac, Neu5Ac2en, MeONeu) have been used as probes for the catalytic mechanism of the activities of the outer membrane-bound haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) from newcastle disease virus (NDV). Neu5Ac and Neu5Ac2en produced a competitive inhibition of the sialidase (= neuraminidase) activity, whereas MeONeu had no effect on this activity. This lack of inhibition can be explained by the free amino-acid group lacking the acetyl substituent in the MeONeu. Neu5Ac2en produced the highest inhibition. Based on the effect of the inhibitors, a reaction mechanism is suggested. On the other hand, the above mentioned inhibitors of the sialidase activity had no effect on haemagglutinating activity, suggesting different active sites for the both activities.

HN Protein↗
PubMed2002

Mode of action of two inhibitory peptides from heptad repeat domains of the fusion protein of Newcastle disease virus.

Peptides derived from heptad repeat (HR) sequences of viral fusion proteins from several enveloped viruses have been shown to inhibit virus-mediated membrane fusion but the mechanism remains unknown. To further investigate this, the inhibition mechanism of two HR-derived peptides from the fusion protein of the paramyxovirus Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was investigated. Peptide N24 (residues 145-168) derived from HR1 was found to be 145-fold more inhibitory in a syncytium assay than peptide C24 (residues 474-496), derived from HR2. Both peptides failed to block lipid-mixing between R18-labeled virus and cells. None of the peptides interfered with the binding of hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein to the target cells, as demonstrated by hemagglutining assays. When both peptides were mixed at equimolar concentrations, their inhibitory effect was abolished. In addition, both peptides induced the aggregation of negatively charged and zwitterionic phospholipid membranes. The ability of the peptides to interact with each other in solution suggests that these peptides may bind to the opposite HR region on the protein whereas their ability to interact with membranes as well as their failure to block lipid transfer suggest a second binding site. Taken together these results, suggest a mode of action for C24 and N24 in which both peptides have two different targets on the F protein: the opposite HR sequence and their corresponding domains.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2006

Inhibition of receptor binding stabilizes Newcastle disease virus HN and F protein-containing complexes.

Receptor binding of paramyxovirus attachment proteins and the interactions between attachment and fusion (F) proteins are thought to be central to activation of the F protein activity; however, mechanisms involved are unclear. To explore the relationships between Newcastle disease virus (NDV) HN and F protein interactions and HN protein attachment to sialic acid receptors, HN and F protein-containing complexes were detected and quantified by reciprocal coimmunoprecipitation from extracts of transfected avian cells. To inhibit HN protein receptor binding, cells transfected with HN and F protein cDNAs were incubated with neuraminidase from the start of transfection. Under these conditions, no fusion was observed, but amounts of HN and F protein complexes increased twofold over amounts detected in extracts of untreated cells. Stimulation of attachment by incubation of untransfected target cells with neuraminidase-treated HN and F protein-expressing cells resulted in a twofold decrease in amounts of HN and F protein complexes. In contrast, high levels of complexes containing HN protein and an uncleaved F protein (F-K115Q) were detected, and those levels were unaffected by neuraminidase treatment of cell monolayers or by incubation with target cells. These results suggest that HN and F proteins reside in a complex in the absence of receptor binding. Furthermore, the results show that not only receptor binding but also F protein cleavage are necessary for disassociation of the HN and F protein-containing complexes.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Expression of the newcastle disease virus fusion glycoprotein in vero cells using attenuated Salmonella typhimurium as transgenic carrier.

The full-length cDNA of fusion protein (F) gene of newcastle disease virus (NDV)strain F48E9 was amplified by RT-PCR and inserted into pcDNA3 under the control of human cytomegalovirus (hCMV) immediate early enhancer and promoter. The resulting recombinant plasmid pcDNA3-F was transformed by electroporation into attenuated Salmonella typhimurium strain ZJ111 (dam(-) and phoP(-)), which was then used to transfect the Vero cells. The DNA and RNA dot blotting revealed that the F gene was transcribed into mRNA in the Vero cells. There was expression of the F protein as shown by indirect immunofluorescent assay. The expression began at 48 h post-infection and increased thereafter, as indicated by ELISA. A 55 kD band of the F protein was identified by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. These results clearly show that the expressed fusion protein was immuno-reactive with chicken anti-NDV serum.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2000

[Construction and expression of coexpression plasmid of carcinoembryonic antigen and Newcastle disease virus HN gene].

The eukaryotic expression plasmid (pcDNA3-CEA) containing with the gene coding for the Carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA) had been gotten with RT-PCR and gene recombination techniques. Using enzymolysis, ligation and other techniques, an eukaryotic coexpression plasmid(pcDNA3-CEA/HN) containing two expression unites of CEA and Newcastle disease virus HN gene that may have the function of immunoenhancement had been constructed. The plasmid will lay a foundation for further researching CEA nucleiotide vaccine, adjuvant and their effect of special antitumor immune.

Carcinoembryonic Antigen↗
PubMed1985

[Newcastle disease virus carrier state following the aerosol immunization of chickens against the disease using different doses of La Sota vaccine].

Six experiments were carried out with aerosol immunization, using various doses of the La Sota vaccine against Newcastle disease, and a control infection with massive amounts of the viscerotropic virus strain Pavlikeni to evaluate the duration of carrying the Newcastle disease virus. The aerosol vaccination of the birds was performed in laboratory conditions in an aerosol chamber of a flow-dynamic type of 450 l. The amount of the virus in the aerosol was determined through virologic investigations of samples taken by means of a glass capillary impinger. It was found that a short-term carrier state set in up to the 9th-10th day with the La Sota strain, regardless of the dose used and the age of the birds. The persistence of the velogenic virus in the organs of birds depended on the amount of vaccine used and the age of the birds. With 2-month-old chickens at optimal dosing of the vaccine resistance could be built up to the infection. When low doses of the vaccine were used with 10-day-old chicks as well as when over-dosing occurred the strain Pavlikeni could be recovered from the organs in the course of 3 to 7 days.

Aerosols↗
PubMed2002

Six-helix bundle assembly and characterization of heptad repeat regions from the F protein of Newcastle disease virus.

Paramyxoviruses may adopt a similar fusion mechanism to other enveloped viruses, in which an anti-parallel six-helix bundle structure is formed post-fusion in the heptad repeat (HR) regions of the envelope fusion protein. In order to understand the fusion mechanism and identify fusion inhibitors of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), a member of the Paramyxoviridae family, we have developed an E. coli system that separately expresses the F protein HR1 and HR2 regions as GST fusion proteins. The purified cleaved HR1 and HR2 have subsequently been assembled into a stable six-helix bundle heterotrimer complex. Furthermore, both the GST fusion protein and the cleaved HR2 show virus-cell fusion inhibition activity (IC(50) of 1.07-2.93 microM). The solubility of the GST-HR2 fusion protein is much higher than that of the corresponding peptide. Hence this provides a plausible method for large-scale production of HR peptides as virus fusion inhibitors.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1998

Nucleotide sequences of the trailer, nucleocapsid protein gene and intergenic regions of Newcastle disease virus strain Beaudette C and completion of the entire genome sequence.

The nucleotide sequences of the nucleocapsid protein (NP) gene, the intergenic regions in the nucleocapsid protein (NP)-phosphoprotein (P), P-matrix protein (M) and M-fusion glycoprotein gene junctions and the trailer region of a virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strain Beaudette C were determined. The NP gene is 1747 nt long and encodes a protein of 489 amino acids. Each of the intergenic sequences determined is 1 nt long and, including the previously published intergenic sequences, the gene junction sequences varied in length from 1-47 nt and lacked any sequence identity. The 5' trailer region is 113 nt in length. Comparison of the sequences of the terminal leader and trailer regions of Beaudette C strain with those of nonvirulent strain B1 showed a high level of conservation, indicating the likelihood of these elements not being a factor in virulence. Together with previously published data, this report completes the sequence of the 15,186 nt genomic RNA of NDV strain Beaudette C.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2003

Characterization of Newcastle disease virus isolates obtained from Eurasian collared doves (Streptopelia decaocto) in Italy.

Eurasian collared doves (Streptopelia decaocto) are thought to originate from India and they have colonized, throughout the centuries, the Middle East and, more recently, Mediterranean countries such as Italy and Spain. In the present paper we report of the isolation and characterization of Newcastle disease viruses (NDV) obtained from Eurasian collared doves during 2000-2001, and compare them to isolates obtained from feral pigeons (Columba livia) during the same period. All isolates could be classified as avian paramyxovirus type 1 (APMV1) and belonged to the pigeon variant group (PPMV1), as their haemagglutinating activity was inhibited by mAb 161/617 which is specific for PPMV1. The intracerebral pathogenicity indices ranged from 0.68 to 1.38 and all isolates contained multiple basic amino acids at the deduced cleavage site of the fusion protein, which is a typical feature of virulent viruses. Phylogenetic analysis of the isolates indicate that 18/20 of these form a separate cluster from the isolates obtained from pigeons in the same period. These findings suggest that different lineages are circulating in feral pigeon populations, and that a separate lineage affects Eurasian collared doves.

Amino Acid Sequence↗