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At least 1,135 records · Page 63Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Microtubule assembly in cultured myoblasts and myotubes following nocodazole induced microtubule depolymerisation.

When myoblasts fuse into myotubes, the organisation of the cytoskeleton changes dramatically. For example, microtubules emanate in a radial array form the centrosome in myoblasts, but form linear arrays not linked to a centrosome in myotubes. It is not clear how these linear arrays are formed and nucleated. They could arise in a number of ways: by nucleation and release from centrosomal like structures, cytoplasmic assembly, breakage/severing or nucleation from non-centrosomal sites. To test which of the above mechanisms or combination of mechanisms are responsible we investigated the re-formation of microtubules after depolymerisation by nocodazole, using antibodies against pericentrin, gamma-tubulin, EB1, and tyrosinated alpha-tubulin. In myoblasts, we found that when microtubules were allowed to recover after complete depolymerisation with nocodazole, microtubule recovery began within 1 min and was complete after 5 min. Microtubules grew out from the centrosome, which was positively stained for gamma-tubulin or pericentrin. In untreated myotubes, microtubules were arranged in linear arrays, with EB1 at their ends. The pericentriolar protein, pericentrin was arranged in a band around the nucleus as well as discrete spots in the cytoplasm. In contrast, the microtubule nucleating protein gamma-tubulin was not found in a band around the nucleus, but was found in several punctuate spots throughout the cytoplasm. Further, when microtubules were allowed to recover, after complete depolymerisation with nocodazole, recovery was not as rapid as that seen in myoblasts, and we found that regrowth began with the formation of short microtubule fragments throughout the cytoplasm. Gamma-tubulin was associated with these fragments. These results suggest that in myotubes, nucleation of microtubules can be non-centrosomal.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Choroid plexus papilloma of the posterior third ventricle during infancy & childhood: report of two cases with management morbidities.

We report two cases of posterior third ventricular choroid plexus papilloma, one in an 8-month-old infant and another in a two-year-old child. These cases presented with features of obstructive hydrocephalus. Both these patients underwent a ventriculo-peritoneal (VP) shunt surgery prior to the tumor excision. Following the VP shunt surgery both patients developed ascitis requiring exteriorization of the abdominal end of the shunt. There was a clear proof of CSF overproduction: 1400-1500 ml/day in the eight-month-old infant and 900-1200 ml/day in the two-year-old child. In the former it was transient and could be treated with revision of the VP shunt whereas in the second case a ventriculo-arterial shunt had to be done. In the second case a staged reduction cranioplasty was also performed for an enormously enlarged head (head circumference--74 cm). Interesting clinical and radiological findings and useful management strategies are described.

Cerebral Ventricle Neoplasms↗
PubMed2003

Food hygiene practices of food vendors in secondary schools in Ilorin.

This descriptive study was carried out to determine food safety practices among food Vendors in secondary schools in Ilorin. Pre-tested questionnaire and observational checklist were administered to 185 respondents recruited using inclusion and exclusion criteria. One hundred and eighty-two (98.4%) of the subjects were females and only 6(3%) were teenagers. One hundred and two (56.8%) had no formal education while 72(39% had received training on food hygiene. Pre-employment medical examination practice was high 141(76%) but periodic medical examination was low 30(16%). Sixty-one (33%) and seventy-two(39%) respondents prepared food well in advance and reheat food before sale respectively. Vendors who prepared food well in advance (over 4 hours) were found to practise food re-heating more than those who prepared food within 4 hours before sale, and this is statistically significant. The major unhygienic practices observed among the food vendors were poor care of used utensils 100(54%), use of previously used water for washing and cleaning, lack of covering apron among the vendors 128(69%) and lack of wash hand basin for immediate cleaning 61(33%). Only 85(46%) of the respondents used soap and water to clean their utensils while the rest 100(54%) used unhygienic methods to clean their utensils. It was observed that respondents who used soap and water for cleaning, vended food at locations that were relatively closer to water source, compared to other vendors who used other methods to clean their utensils. This is also statistically significant. Unkempt fingernails, skin lesions and poor food protection from flies were some of the food contaminating risk factors observed in the study. The need exists for food vendors and other food handlers to be trained on basic principles of safe food handling.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Combinatorial efficacy achieved through two-point blockade within a signaling pathway-a chemical genetic approach.

Whether the apparent efficacy of a specific kinase inhibitor is attributable solely to inhibition of its primary target, or to combined inhibition of additional unidentified kinases, is a critical issue in cancer therapy. We used a chemical genetic approach to generate a selective inhibitor of v-erbB [a transforming allele of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)] and interrogated inhibition in known downstream signaling pathways. On the basis of this analysis, we hypothesized that dual inhibition of v-erbB and phosphatidylinositol 3' (PI3) kinases could show improved potency. We, therefore, used two different cell lines to examine the effects of v-erbB or EGFR inhibitors, in combination with PI3 kinase inhibitors, in mouse models for EGFR-driven cancers. When treated with NaPP1, v-erbB-as1-transformed fibroblasts showed cell-cycle arrest and decreased activity of Akt kinase. Inhibitors of v-erbB-as1 and of PI3 kinase showed enhanced efficacy in treating established 3T3:v-erbB-as1 tumor allografts. We extended these results to the human glioma cell line U87:MG transduced with DeltaEGFR, a tumor-derived activated allele, treating tumor-bearing mice with vehicle, the EGFR inhibitor ZD1839, LY294002, or ZD1839 plus LY294002. In human glioma xenografts, inhibition of EGFR cooperated similarly with inhibition of PI3 kinase. Our experiments provide a preclinical mechanistic basis for combining biologically based therapies directed against two targets within a complex signaling cascade.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Disease burden and case management of bacterial meningitis among children under 5 years of age in Saudi Arabia.

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to explore the case management and disease burden of bacterial meningitis among children below the age of 5 years in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. METHODS: A prospective descriptive study was conducted during June 1999 through to May 2001 in 8 hospitals from 5 cities in different areas of the country. Those were, King Fahad Specialist Hospital and Maternity & Children Hospital, Buraidah, Belgorashi General Hospital and King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Al-Baha, Maternity & Children Hospital and Ohud Hospital, Al-Madina, Al-Qatif General Hospital in the Eastern Region and Prince Abdulrahman Bin Ahmed Alsudairy Central Hospital, Sakaka. The study population was 171,818 children under the age of 5 years. RESULTS: During the study period 208 cases of bacterial meningitis were identified, 141 (67.8%) with a definite causative organism: Hemophilus influenzae type b, Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae and other bacterial species. The remaining 67 cases (32%) were labeled as aseptic meningitis. A considerable proportion of cases was found to have received an antibiotic prior to presentation. While symptoms such as fever or poor feeding were common among cases, meningeal signs were less prominent. A lumbar puncture was carried out on all cases to reach diagnosis by gram stain, latex agglutination test and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood cultures following standard procedures. The immediate burden of meningitis cases was found to be the lengthy stay of patients in the hospital wards and intensive care units. Some of the main causative agents were resistant to the conventional antimicrobial therapy, but susceptible to newer antibiotics. CONCLUSION: The study being based on a population based surveillance gave a better overview on causative organisms of meningitis emphasizing that Gram stain, serology of CSF and culture (of CSF and blood) should be used. A high index of suspicion is needed to diagnose meningitis in children. Lumbar tap should be encouraged and supported in terms of training and more authorization to apply in diagnostic tests of such conditions. Audiometric measurement is a crucial need in the assessment of meningitis cases and in the process of their follow up. This type of service is clearly missing in our system. Influential steps are to be planned to avail this service.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed2004

Knowledge and attitude of faculty members on problem based learning.

An intervention study was carried out in Mymensingh Medical College during the second week of January, 2003 to compare knowledge and attitude of the faculty members of Mymensingh Medical College on PBL before and after exposure to a symposium. Pretest was done among 48 faculty members before and 45 faculty members after exposure to the symposium using a self-administered questionnaire. Before the symposium about 17% of faculty members had a sound knowledge on PBL, the figure rose significantly to about 61% after exposure to the symposium (P < 0.001). About 73 % of faculty members felt that PBL is effective in problem solving after exposure to the symposium, as compared to about 60% who felt that PBL is effective in problem solving before the symposium (P < 0.01). About 69% of faculty members stated that PBL is better than traditional ward teaching after exposure to the symposium, as compared to 51.1% who stated that PBL is better than traditional ward teaching before the symposium (P < 0.001). About 69% of faculty members stated that PBL enhances self-directed learning after exposure to the symposium, as compared to about 52% who stated PBL enhances self-directed learning before the symposium(P <0.005). About 64% of faculty members affirmed that they will welcome PBL in clinical teaching after exposure to the symposium, as compared to 62.5% of faculty members who would welcome PBL in clinical teaching before the symposium (P < 0.01). A total of 59% of faculty members asserted that they will recommend PBL to be included in Undergraduate Medical Curriculum after exposure to the symposium, as compared to 60.3% who would recommend PBL in Undergraduate Medical Curriculum before the symposium. About 51 % of faculty members agreed that practicing PBL will help students after graduation to continue independent learning before the symposium, as compared to 60% who agreed that practicing PBL will help students after graduation after exposure to the symposium (P < 0.05). It can be concluded that exposure to a symposium centered on PBL can improve knowledge and attitude of faculty members on PBL positively & significantly.

Attitude↗
PubMed2004

Thoracic actinomycosis.

Thoracic actinomycosis represents about one-fourth of all cases of the disease. Isolated pleural effusion due to Actinomycosis is rare. We report a case of right sided pleural effusion with discharging sinus in the right anterior chest wall. Actinomycosis was suspected and confirmed by microscopic identification of "sulfur granules" in the discharge of the sinus tract and also identification of gram-positive filamentous bacteria in the specimen of discharging sinus. The patient improved clinically and radiologically after treatment with intravenous penicillin G followed by oral penicillin and aspiration of pleural fluid.

Actinomycosis↗
PubMed2004

Adaptation of three Babesia divergens isolates to continuous culture in rat erythrocytes.

Three Babesia divergens isolates have been cultured continuously for 6 months in rat erythrocytes using the candle jar technique. One isolate was already rat-adapted, the other two became adapted to rats through continuous culturing in rat erythrocytes. Babesia was cultured in rat erythrocytes in RPMI medium supplemented with 20% foetal calf serum. The highest parasitaemia was 35% and multi-parasitization of red blood cells was often observed. Cultures of B. divergens remained infective to splenectomized rats. Cultures with high parasitaemias contained a large number of extra-cellular merozoites, when separated from the red blood cells, they retained their infectivity.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2003

A randomised study comparing systemic transdermal treatment and local application of glyceryl trinitrate ointment in the management of chronic anal fissure.

OBJECTIVE: To compare a systemic transdermal therapeutic system with local application of glyceryl trinitrate ointment in the treatment of anal fissure. DESIGN: Prospective, multicentre, randomised trial. SETTING: Three teaching hospitals, Turkey. SUBJECTS: 89 outpatients with chronic anal fissure were randomly assigned to be treated with either transdermal (n = 52) or 0.2% glyceryl trinitrate ointment (n = 37). INTERVENTIONS: The patients were assessed at the sixth and the twelfth week after initial evaluation by physical examination, anoscopy, and anal manometry. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes in the maximal anal resting pressure, healing rate. RESULTS: Anal fissure was completely healed in 38 (73%) and 24 (64%) of the patients after 6 weeks and 48 (81%) and 27 (79%) of the patients in transdermal group and ointment group, respectively. Maximal anal resting pressure was reduced by 24% and 21% in transdermal and ointment groups, respectively. CONCLUSION: Systemic transdermal application of glyceryl trinitrate gave a satisfactory healing rate, which was comparable to that of local application of ointment.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed2003

The effects of compost prepared from waste material of banana plants on the nutrient contents of banana leaves.

In this study, the possible utilization of removed shoots and plant parts of banana as compost after fruit harvest were investigated. Three doses (15-30-45 kg plan(-1)) of the compost prepared from the clone of Dwarf Cavendish banana were compared with Farmyard manure (50 kg plant(-1), Mineral fertilizers (180 g N + 150 g P + 335 g K plant(-1)) and Farmyard manure + Mineral fertilizers (25 kg FM + 180 g N + 150 g P + 335 g K plant(-1)) which determined positive effects on the nutrient contents of banana leaves. The banana plants were grown under a heated glasshouse and in a soil with physical and chemical properties suitable for banana growing. The contents of N, P, K and Mg in compost and in farmyard manure were found to be similar. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of leaves in all applications except control, and Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu contents in all applications were determined between optimum levels of reference values. There were positive correlations among some nutrient contents of leaves, growth, yield and fruit quality characteristics. Farmyard manure, Farmyard manure + Mineral fertilizers and 45 kg plant(-1) of compost increased the nutrient contents of banana leaves. According to obtained results, 45 kg plant(-1) of compost was determined more suitable in terms of economical production and organic farming than the other fertiliser types.

Agriculture↗
PubMed2004

Knowledge and attitude of clinical students on problem based learning.

An intervention study was carried out in Mymensingh Medical College between December 2002 to November 2003 to determine knowledge and attitude of clinical students on problem based learning (PBL) before and after exposure to a PBL course. This is an intervention study. A total of 17 health problems were discussed in the integrated small group tutorials in the departments of Pediatrics and Medicine. Two problems were discussed in a week & each PBL class was lasted for 2 hours. Pretest was done before exposure of the students to the PBL course using self-administered questionnaire and posttest was done immediately after finishing the PBL course. Significance of proportions was calculated by Chi-square (X2) test. PBL course increased knowledge of clinical students on PBL significantly (P < 0.001). Increased number of clinical students also stated that PBL is effective in problem solving (70% before and 97% after the PBL course), and the difference is highly significant (P < 0.001). Increased number of students (about 72% before & 83% after the PBL course) stated that PBL is better than traditional ward teaching (P < 0.01). Majority of our students (about 61% before & 88 % after the PBL course) stated that PBL enhances self-directed learning (P < 0.005). A good number of students (about 63% before & 81% after PBL course) recommended PBL to be included in Undergraduate Medical Curriculum (P < 0.05). It can be concluded that exposure of students to PBL course can improve knowledge, attitude & practice of clinical students significantly. Regular exposure (at least twice a year) of clinical students to symposium centered on PBL is recommended

Education, Medical, Undergraduate↗
PubMed2004

Sensitivity of splenic and bone marrow aspirate study for diagnosis of kala-azar.

Fifty adult patients of kala-azar were included in this prospective study from Medicine Unit-I of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital. Splenic and bone marrow aspiration were done simultaneously to compare the sensitivity and other related merits and demerits of each procedure. Splenic aspiration appeared to be more sensitive procedure than bone marrow aspiration. Leishman - Donovan (LD) bodies were found in 90 percent and 72 percent of the spleen and bone marrow aspirates respectively. Splenic aspiration was found more acceptable to patients (96%) as it was less painful. Both the procedures were hazardless. There was no major complication except mild pain after splenic aspiration; even a few patients had history of epistaxis. Splenic aspiration was also more acceptable by the physicians because of an easy and reliable diagnostic procedure.

Adolescent↗