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At least 1,135 records · Page 63Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

The perilymphatic fistula: the end of an enigma?

While the existence of a perilymphatic fistula may be suggested on the basis of a patient's history and physical findings, at present the diagnosis can only be established by the identification of the actual fistula at the time of tympanotomy. In some cases, repeated reaccumulation of clear colorless fluid within the middle ear is interpreted as representing perilymph and has been considered to indicate the presence of a fistula that cannot be visualized. This subjective type of observation is made by the operating surgeon and is consequently subject to bias. At the present time there is no objective method, such as histopathology, to confirm the diagnosis of a perilymphatic fistula in this type of situation. As a result, there is some variation and controversy in the otology literature as to what surgical findings at tympanotomy should be considered as "proof" of a perilymphatic fistula. In this paper we will propose a new method for confirmation of the diagnosis of perilymphatic fistulas based on a unique biochemical property of perilymph.

Ear Diseases↗
PubMed1979

The additive effects of two mutant genes on otolith formation in mice: an animal model to assess otolith function.

This study examined the additive effects of two mutant genes, pallid (pa) and tilted head (th), on otolith formation in mice. Four strains of mice were bred: (1) a control strain, heterozygous for both pa and th. (2) a pallid strain, homozygous for pa, (3) a tilted head strain, homozygous for th, and (4) a double mutant strain, homozygous for both pa and th. The results were confirmed (1) behaviorally, by the animals' ability to swim, and (2) by histological examination of the inner ear. The findings suggest significant differences in mean otolith scores between all possible pairs of strains. As expected, the controls had normal otoliths and the pa/th strain the most severe otolith defects. Furthermore, there was a significant directional asymmetry in mean otolith scores between the utricle and saccule of the R and L ears for both pa and th strains. The results also showed a highly significant linear relationship between poor swimming ability and reduction of otoconia (r = 0.94, F = 92.14, p less than .001).

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Autoimmune inner ear disease: therapy.

Sixty-six patients with this disease have been treated to date with cyclophosphamide and prednisolone resulting in significant improvement in hearing. In some patients the vestibular compartment may be involved as well, but the clinical pattern is significantly different enough from Meniere's disease to distinguish it by the careful historian. The cornerstone of treatment is cyclophosphamide, abetted by prednisolone. A test of treatment is to date the best method of determining who to treat for cure.

Autoimmune Diseases↗
PubMed1987

The role of acute and latent virus infections in the pathogenesis of inner ear disturbances.

The possible role of herpesviral infections of the inner ear in suddenly appearing inner ear disturbances was investigated. Experimental pseudorabies virus (PRV, Herpes sui 1) infection of mice and swine was used as a model system. Infected mice represented the productive cycle of PRV infection (acute phase), whereas the latent phase of infection could be tested in swine. From the acutely infected mice the virus could be reisolated from perilymphatic fluid and various parts of the brain. Massive histopathologic alterations and signs of total cell damage to the organ of Corti and the vestibular organ were found. Accordingly, in all of the cells of the inner ear multiple copies of the PRV genome could be demonstrated. We therefore suggest that the disturbances of the inner ear were induced by the acute virus infection. In two latently infected swine (sixty weeks after infection), PRV could not be recovered either from the perilymphatic fluid or from a variety of different neural and extraneural tissues. However, histopathologic changes similar to those found in the acutely infected mice were observed. The presence of viral DNA could be demonstrated by in situ cytohybridization in both sensory and supportive cells of the inner ear and vestibular organ, but not in the corresponding nerve fibers, which is in contrast to the acutely infected mice. The distribution of the viral genome was further analyzed in adjacent areas of the central nervous system. An involvement of acute and latent herpes virus infection in inner ear dysfunction including sudden deafness and vestibular neuronitis in man, might be suggested from the results described. The presented animal model system, PRV-infected swine, should permit further studies on a possible role of herpetic recurrences, particularly with regard to inner ear disturbances.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

[Audio-vestibular changes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis].

A functional audio-vestibular investigation based on impedance metric techniques and electronystagmography was carried out in a group of patients with "classical" rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and with treated or untreated "definite" RA in various stages. Data obtained from these patients were compared with those obtained from a control group. Significant hypoacusis of the transmissive type was found in initial stages of RA while sensorineural or mixed type hypoacusis was found in later stages of RA. Significant vestibular alterations of the central type suggesting supratentorial involvement were found in several cases independently of the stage of RA and of the age of the patients.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1986

Pharmacological treatment of immune-mediated inner ear disorders. A clinical immunology and audiology survey.

Cellular and humoral immune reactions may play an etiologic role in an audio-vestibular dysfunction. That immune-mediated inner ear disorders can both be of cochlear and retro-cochlear origin is illustrated on the basis of immunological, immunopathological and audiological data of three case reports, completely differing in their pathogenesis. Autoimmunity may play a certain role, but not in all cases. Anti-inflammatory treatment (corticosteroids) remains the mainstay in therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[These vestibular problems in the absence of gravity...].

For a few years, more and more astronauts complain to endure space motion sickness during the two or three first days of their mission. This is due to the repetition of shifting and sudden head movements, which becomes possible by the increasing of volume of the new space stations. To avoid that payload specialists onboard be obliged to renounce to conduct planned experiments, it has been necessary to find effective solutions to detect by ground based tests the candidates sensitive to space motion sickness and perfect therapeutic means able to avoid unexpected arrival of these symptoms, and even to treat them. The best results are undeniably obtained by the "Biofeedback" and the "tolerance" training, but we base wide hopes on ginger roots and on tolerance with sensorial deprivation lockers. However, we must not disregard the trigger action of emotional factors and anxiety in space motion sickness. The European mission SPACELAB-1 has been marked by the display of a caloric nystagmus during the vestibular experiments in weightlessness. If no explanation is given to this phenomenon, it will be necessary to call in question the role of the thermal convection described by Barany in the appearance of the caloric nystagmus.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

Gait failure.

Gait failure is a common presentation in the Emergency Department, and one that may herald an acute neurologic episode. This article reviews the mechanisms of gait failure, some of their causes, and the appropriate examination techniques for determining possible diagnoses.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1979

The unilateral vestibular hypofunction.

The presentation of the report "THE UNILATERAL VESTIBULAR HYPOFUNCTION" has been placed in the scope of the treatment technique, which resulted from the findings and experiences of the author could obtain by his investigations in the clinical cases with unilateral vestibular hypofunction. After having emphasized some main concepts concerning correct evaluation of unilateral hypofunction, which is the central theme of the report, the author indicates how these experiences led him to the conception of this treatment technique: THE VESTIBULAR HABITUATION TRAINING. It is intended for this category of dizzy patients, who usually were so resistant to be alleviated from their dizziness, viz. the cases with provoked or positional dizziness. The fundamental bases of this treatment are exposed. A survey of the literature concerning the various concepts and techniques of vestibular revalidation is followed by the description of the personal technique and the presentation of the first results.

Caloric Tests↗
PubMed1985

[Study of vestibular disorders in epileptics by means of electronystagmography and functional visual and vestibular loads].

Twenty-two patients with temporal epilepsy (TE) in the interparoxysmal period were subjected to otoneurological examination. In the majority of cases, there were vestibular disorders of the irritative nature and disturbances of otokinetic nystagmus. The data obtained, along with specification of the localization of the epileptic focus, confirm the involvement of the brain on different levels--cortical-subcortical-truncal--in TE patients with polymorphic seizures.

Adolescent↗