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PubMedDate not supplied

Substance abuse and prostitution.

A study of 200 street prostitutes documented a high prevalence of alcohol and drug abuse in their family of origin, during the drift into prostitution and as part of prostitution. Additionally, the study documented a high prevalence of substance abuse among the child molesters and rapists of the subjects. The existence of a relationship between substance abuse and prostitution in and of itself does not imply causality. It is not clear whether substance abuse is one of the factors that pushed these women into prostitution (as noted earlier, 55% of the subjects reported being addicted prior to their prostitution involvement) or whether it was prostitution that caused their drug involvement (30% became addicted following and 15% concurrently with their prostitution involvement). Most likely, both prostitution and substance abuse are the behavioral translations of these women's endless cycles of victimization and severely disturbed backgrounds, as well as an expression of the self-destructive pull, the sense of hopelessness, helplessness, negative self-concept and psychological paralysis reported by almost every subject in the study.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Marathon therapy: treating rape survivors in a therapeutic community.

Odyssey House is a therapeutic community (TC) in New York City that treats a wide range of drug abusers. For over 20 years. Odyssey House has conducted an annual marathon therapy group for women who are rape survivors. This article summarizes the program's experience with the marathon and reports on its therapeutic accomplishments.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Childhood sexual trauma of chemically dependent women.

The purpose of this exploratory study was to examine the incidence and experience of childhood sexual abuse among chemically dependent women. Structured interviews were conducted with 60 recovering chemically dependent women living in a long-term treatment facility; 68% said they had been recipients of unwanted sexual contacts from perpetrators, such as uncles, brothers, fathers, family friends, neighborhood boys, and strangers. Significant differences between the sexually abused and nonsexually abused chemically dependent women were (1) the abused women were more likely to have family members who were addicted, (2) they were more likely to be African-American, (3) they were more likely to have been raped sometime in their life, (4) they began using drugs at an earlier age, and (5) they had been using drugs longer. The issue of childhood sexual abuse in chemically dependent women needs to be assessed and treated if these women are to be able to begin the long road to recovery.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The incidence and experience of rape among chemically dependent women.

This descriptive study investigated the incidence and experience of rape among chemically dependent women. Sixty women in a residential treatment facility were interviewed about sexual trauma they had experienced in their lives. In this sample 73% had been raped, and 45% had been raped more than once. The stories of rape were classified in five categories: rape while in the context of using, when too high to resist, while prostituting, by a significant other, and by a family member. Some 35% of the rapist described were friends of the women with whom they were using drugs. Only 20% of the rapes were reported to the police. Clinical implications for treatment of addicted women who are also survivors of violence is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Learning the harsh realities of life: sexual violence, disillusionment, and meaning.

The purpose of this study was to explore how women find meaning in experiences of sexual violence committed by men close to them. Data were provided by 44 women who had participated in one of three studies I had conducted on women's responses to sexual abuse and assault by intimate others. The women's explanations for the violence they experienced, discussions of how they made sense of the violence, and references to the meaning or purpose of the violence in their lives were analyzed using grounded theory methods. The women indicated that their victimizing experiences had taught them "the harsh realities of life"; that is, the world is violent and society tolerates and, in some cases, promotes violence against women. This lesson forced them to take it upon themselves to create a better life. This psychosocial process of "taking it upon oneself" involved three tasks: pursuing one's own safety, taking justice into one's own hand, and making something good out of something bad. By accomplishing these tasks, the women found meaning in their suffering.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2004

The influence of childhood sexual abuse factors on women's health.

A history of childhood sexual abuse has been shown to be common among adult women, 15-30% in prevalence studies. The childhood sexual abuse variables taken into account are commonly age of onset, duration, abuse forms and relationship between the child and the perpetrator. Within the Department of Psychiatry at Lund University Hospital, 45 women with experiences of childhood sexual abuse were offered a 2-year long trauma-focused group therapy. Half of the women had been sexually abused during childhood in pre-school ages and half by a perpetrator who was the biological father. Two-thirds had been abused for more than 5 years and half through penetration. There was a statistical significance between age of onset (0-6 years) and psychiatric symptoms including eight of nine subscales, according to results from use of the questionnaire Symptom Check List (SCL-90). According to the same questionnaire, there also was a statistical significance between the perpetrator (male relative) and the subscale interpersonal sensitivity. According to the Interview Schedule of Social Interaction, there was a statistical significance between the abuse form penetration and the social integration in the subscale availability of attachment. Thirty-five women (78%) had not told anyone about the sexual abuse when it happened, and the most common reason for this was fear of not being believed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Structured group treatment for sexually abused children.

The author provides a model for the group treatment of sexually abused children. Eight treatment themes and various techniques of intervention are presented, and the model's applications to other methods of treatment and groups of sexually abused clients are described.

Arkansas↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The endoscopy patient with a history of sexual abuse: strategies for compassionate care.

Incident estimates of sexual abuse in children and adults in the United States range from 6% to 74%, depending on case findings and documentation methods. A past history of abuse can put the patient at risk of developing physical and psychological sequelae including fear of medical procedures. Invasive procedures such as endoscopy and colonoscopy may further exacerbate fears and provoke stress reactions in patients with a past history of abuse. Although patients may not disclose a past history of abuse, their reactions during the procedure may provide cues for the healthcare team. This article reviews the need for a careful assessment and intervention during endoscopy procedures for patients with a past history of abuse. Guidelines for compassionate care and follow-up are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Gender identification and sex role attribution in sexually abused adolescent females.

An exploratory study of the association between child sexual abuse and subsequent gender identification and sex role attribution was conducted with 93 adolescent females. Victims of intrafamilial sexual abuse with a history of psychotherapeutic treatment were compared with nonabused subjects with a history of treatment and nonabused control subjects with no treatment history. Measures of gender identity found that sexually abused and nonabused treatment groups differed significantly from the no-treatment controls. Distinct patterns of gender identification emerged for the sexually abused victims. Hypothesized differences in sex role attribution were not found. Potential directions for future research are proposed and implications and recommendations for treatment are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Child sexual abuse: immediate and long-term effects and intervention.

OBJECTIVE: The primary purpose of this review is to highlight the progress made in the area of child sexual abuse during the recent decade and to identify the gaps in our current knowledge about this syndrome. METHOD: More than 100 articles on child sexual abuse were reviewed, the majority written from 1980 to the present concerning the demographics of child sexual abuse, the psychological effects of child sexual victimization, the psychopathology encountered in adult survivors of child sexual abuse, hypotheses regarding the nature of the trauma, a critique of the research, and approaches to intervention. RESULTS: Although a wide variety of psychological sequelae have been documented in sexually abused children referred for evaluation or treatment, there appears to be considerable variability in the severity of the symptoms, and we remain ignorant of sequelae in abused children who never enter the mental health system. However, some of these children may become symptomatic in adult life. Validation of sexual abuse is hampered by the lack of specific behavioral markers. Methodological difficulties in child sexual abuse research include problems with definition, failure to measure severity of the abuse, sampling problems, failure to use standardized or appropriate instruments, problems with validation, and failure to use control groups. CONCLUSIONS: Despite an increased focus on child sexual abuse in the recent decade, many gaps remain in our knowledge. Prospective longitudinal follow-up studies of sexually abused children and treatment outcome studies are urgently needed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗