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At least 1,135 records · Page 63Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Absence of functional renal effects of uro-angiographic contrast media on post-ischemic rat kidneys.

Water soluble ionic contrast media (CM) and glucose 5% were administered to Sprague-Dawley rats 36 hours after bilateral warm renal ischemia for 45 min. In all animals (n = 28) the renal ischemia caused a decrease of the absolute urinary creatinine output. Intra-arterial injection of glucose 5% or CM did not produce different patterns of absolute urinary creatinine output. The serum creatinine increased after 36 hours of reflow. When compared by means of a Mann-Whitney U-test to a normal median serum creatinine obtained in a separate group of 22 normal rats, the increase was statistically significant (p less than or equal to 0.01). The serum creatinine medians returned to a normal level after 24 hours. It seems therefore that 45 min of warm renal ischemia and 36 hours of reflow is an insufficient challenge to the rat kidney for the detection of the nephrotoxic properties of CM as opposed to when CM are injected during ischemia.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Effects of contrast media products on erythrocyte aggregation. An ex vivo study].

It has been suggested (Fisher and al., Rainiko and al.) that contrast media could interfere with a red blood cell aggregation, low-osmolarity and non ionic contrast media leading to red blood cell aggregates in vitro. Clinical significance of this phenomenon is not known. We have studied 21 consecutive patients admitted in X ray department for pyelography. Sodium and meglumine ioxitalamate (Telebrix 38 R; Guerbet) osmolarity 2 100 mOsm kg--viscosity 8.5 cp at 37 degrees C is used for contrast. Red blood cell aggregation is studied by erythraggregometer Sefam. Samples are collected before (T0), 10 and 30 minutes (T10, T30) after contrast infusion. Hemogram and coagulation parameters are measured in parallel. Results show a significant increase of aggregation times at T10, with a trend towards baseline at T30. Dissociation shear rates follow the same fluctuations. We note a concomitant diminution of both fibrinogen and hematocrit levels, well-correlated with red blood cell aggregation. These results suggest a process of hemodilution which could explain the diminution of red blood cell aggregation with this type of contrast medium.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Bowel opacification for abdominal computed tomography in children: a clinical trial of oral Telebrix 38.

Computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen is an important diagnostic tool for detecting abnormalities of the solid organs and, to a lesser extent, the gastrointestinal tract. For an optimal CT study, the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts should be opacified with oral and intravenous radiopaque contrast agents. The authors tested the effectiveness of dilute oral meglumine and sodium ioxithalamate (Telebrix 38, Mallinckrodt Canada Inc., Pointe-Claire, Que.) as a bowel marker in 50 CT examinations of the abdomen and pelvis. The study objective was assessment of patient acceptance, safety of the product, degree of bowel opacification and image quality. Of children who were capable of answering the question, 93% said they would be willing to take the 2% oral solution of Telebrix again if required. No adverse effect attributable to the contrast medium was noted. Opacification of the gastrointestinal tract was excellent in the majority of cases, and the diagnostic quality of the CT images was good. The authors concluded that 2% Telebrix is an effective and safe bowel opacification agent for abdominal and pelvic CT scanning.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

Telebrix: a better-tasting oral contrast agent for abdominal computed tomography.

In a randomized, controlled, double-blind trial, Telebrix 38 (ioxithalamate) and Gastrografin (diatrizoate) were compared with respect to taste and degree of opacification of the alimentary canal when used in computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis. Bowel opacification was excellent with both contrast agents. Patients rated the 2% solution of Telebrix in water significantly better in taste than the control contrast medium, a 2% solution of Gastrografin in water. Of the patients in the Telebrix group 89% judged the taste to be excellent or good, compared with 59% in the Gastrografin group (p = 0.012, Fisher's exact test). Only 1 of 28 patients in the Telebrix group was unwilling to drink Telebrix again, compared with 6 of 27 patients in the Gastrografin group (p = 0.045, Fisher's exact test). There were no significant side effects. Dilute Telebrix 38 is preferable to dilute Gastrografin, in terms of taste and patient tolerance, for bowel opacification on computed tomography, and produces equivalent, excellent bowel opacification.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1990

Evaluation of renal function before and after intravenous injection of non-cholangiographic water soluble contrast media in rats: preliminary results.

In this preliminary study, water soluble contrast media (CM) were administrated to normal laboratory rats (n = 11) and renal function was monitored before and followed after this challenge. A significant decrease (p less than or equal to 0.001) of the absolute urinary creatinine output, was noted during 3 days after the injection of the CM: the median (M) control value was 0.0313 mumol/min. 100 g body weight (BW) (interquartile range (IR): 0.0014) while the M values the first, the second and the third day were 0.0209 mumol/min. 100 g BW (IR: 0.0141), 0.0198 mumol/min. 100 g BW (IR: 0.0044) and 0.0265 mumol/min. 100 g BW (IR: 0.0054) respectively. The serum creatinine 24 hours after injection was 59,8 mumol/l (IR: 7.92) which is significantly higher (p less than or equal to 0.002) compared to the M serum creatinine of 51.9 mumol/l (IR: 15.0) evaluated in a group of normal unchallenged laboratory rats. These changes are in contrast with the low frequency of renal failure episodes encountered in clinical circumstances. Further experiments with inclusion of a control group receiving a sham injection seem necessary.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Comparison of methods for calculating glomerular filtration rate: technetium-99m-DTPA scintigraphic analysis, protein-free and whole-plasma clearance of technetium-99m-DTPA and iodine-125-iothalamate clearance.

True glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was measured in normal volunteers and in patients with normal and impaired renal function by the iothalamate clearance (IC) method of Sigman. Within 24 hr, GFR was also determined by two other methods: technetium-99m- (99mTc) DTPA scintigraphic analysis (SA) utilizing a modification of the Gates computer program, and by measuring disappearance of 99mTc-DTPA from whole plasma (WPC) and from protein-free ultrafiltered plasma (PFPC). Determinations of GFR by IC and by PFPC methods were virtually identical (mean absolute error 5.36 ml/min, r = 0.99, p greater than 0.05). GFRs measured in protein-free, ultrafiltered plasma differed significantly from those obtained from whole plasma only in sicker patients and in those taking multiple medications (in whom alterations in protein-binding of DTPA may be seen). The SA method correlated less well with the iodine-125-(125I) IC method than did either the protein-free or whole-plasma clearance methods (mean absolute error 32.36 ml/min, r = 0.74, p less than 0.05). However, the SA method provided useful information with respect to differential (split) renal function.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Study of the efficacy and tolerance of Iopamiron 370 compared to Telebrix Hystero in hysterosalpingography].

Hysterosalpingography is used to study the state of the uterine cavity as well as to analyse the patency of the tubes and the state of the tubal mucosa. It is difficult to find a contrast medium that has both the ideal qualities, be well tolerated and able to show fine pictures that have good contrasts, while at the same time are sufficiently viscous to allow up examination. The contrasts products that are used to carry out hysterosalpingography are often classed as viscous (Telebrix Hystero) and fluid (Iopamiron). This prospective randomised study compares local tolerance and efficiency of the two products. Fifty patients had Iopamiron and 48 Telebrix Hystero in July 1988 and February 1989. There was a statistical difference between the two groups which was significantly in favour of Iopamiron on the following features: Pain as noted on a questionnaire with steps of five points each (p = 0.02), Pain as described by the patient immediately after the examination on a visual analogue scale with p less than 0.01. Overall appreciation of the two products according to their tolerance and the efficiency of the products, which is to say the clearness of the pictures obtained with a p = 0.05.

Consumer Behavior↗
PubMed1990

[Effect of contrast media products on the erythrocyte aggregation and deformability in vitro].

It has been suggested that contrast media could interfere with red blood cell aggregation, hyperosmolar media leading to an inhibition of red blood cell aggregation whereas non ionic products might induce a sludge phenomenon. We present an in vitro study accompanying two contrast media: 1) Ioxitalamate of sodium and meglumin (ionic, hyperosmolar). 2) Iopaminol (non ionic). In their effect on hemorheological parameters of red blood cell aggregation. Blood samples have been obtained from 7 healthy donors. Contrast media have been tested at increased contrast media (O.1, 1, 2, 10, 100 mg/ml of Iodine in final concentration). The following parameters have been studied: hematocrit, fibrinogen level, erythrocyte aggregation using the Erythro-aggregometer*, whole blood viscosity at 3 different shear rates (0.87, 18.74, 118 sec.-1) using Low Shear 30*. Deformability of red blood cell was assessed by ektacytometry. Osmolarity was controlled in each sample. Results show an inhibition effect of both contrasts media on red blood cell aggregation. There is a concomitant decrease of blood viscosity at low shear rates. On the contrary, apparent viscosity increases at high shear rates in parallel with the contrast media concentration. This effect is more pronounced with ioxitalamate above a concentration of 10 mg/ml. Ektacytometric parameters are not modified by contrast media and this could indicate a complete reversibility of the media-induced alteration on red blood cell. In order to precise the prothrombotic effect on contrast media, hemorheological studies have to be completed by the assessment of their effect on hemostatic parameters.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Experiences with the use of ioxithalamate (Telebrix)].

The effects of Ioxitalamate/Telebrix-BYK GULDEN were tested for excretion urography and various angiographic applications and in animal experiments (selective renal angiography in 36 dogs). The contrast medium was well tolerated and the radiographs were of good quality. Significant effects were not detected, neither in blood pressure, heart rate and ECG, nor in Se-creatinine, nor in UN-, SGOT and Se-bilirubin values. In 4 cases transient proteinuria was observed. In the kidneys of the dogs no mentionable effects, histological or ultrastructural, were found. The use of Ioxitalamate seems advisable for investigations that require contrast media with low osmotic pressure.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Contrast media used in cystourethrography. Experimental evaluation.

The effects of five iodinated contrast media and of physiologic saline on bladder capacity were studied. It was found that a significantly greater volume of sodium chloride was tolerated than of Cysto-Conray, Conray 30. Hypaque meglumine 30, Hypaque sodium, and Dimer X. Dimer X was tolerated in the smallest volume. The reason for the difference in volume tolerated is not known. The bladder mucosa showed dehydration changes 6 hr after saline cystogram with no change at 24 hr, 48 hr, 7 days, and 3 months. The contrast media produced dehydration and hydropic and desquamative changes in the bladder mucosa with at least one of these changes persisting up to 3 months. There was no significant difference in the severity of the changes produced by the various contrast media. No evidence of inflammatory changes was seen in the bladder mucosa or wall or in the ureter with any of the agents.

Absorption↗
PubMed1989

[Inter-individual testing of water-soluble oral contrast media with reference to their diagnostic value, side effects and taste].

Three groups of patients (n = 55, 53 and 54) were examined with the x-ray contrast media Gastrografin, Peritrast-Oral GI, and Telebrix Gastro and Telebrix Gastroo assess the diagnostic ranking, side effects and taste of water-soluble oral contrast media. No significant differences were seen in respect of diagnostic ranking and side effects. Side effects were exclusively abdominal symptoms; there was no difference with regard to laxative action. Telebrix Gastroas accepted significantly better in respect of taste than Gastrografin and Peritrast-Oral GI.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

[Effect of renovascular roentgen contrast media on the function of the healthy kidney--an individual comparison].

In 50 patients with healthy kidneys the excretion of tubular enzymes was determined quantitatively before and after administration of an ionic and a non-ionic contrast medium and compared intra-individually. Both preparations produced a highly significant increase in enzyme levels to about twice the initial value, the increase being significantly lower with the non-ionic contrast medium. This effect was fully reversible within 24 hours. No noticeable change was seen within the examination period of 48 hours in respect of creatinine and creatinine clearance levels.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Electronystagmographic evaluation of changes in vestibular reactions after administration of diverse substances into cerebral ventricles].

Vestibulo-oculomotor reflexes (nystagmus) were recorded by the method of electronystagmography in 33 neurosurgical patients before and after ventriculography. Cerebral ventricles were examined using water soluble compounds (conray, dimeriks, amipaque) in 18 patients or water soluble compounds combined with majodil emulsion in 15 patients. Ventriculography by means of water soluble compounds led to insignificant changes in nystagmic parameters while that by means of X-ray contrasting mixtures caused a frequent and noticeable enhancement of stem vestibular reactions as related to all nystagmic parameters and a significant increase of vestibulo-autonomic reactions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Assessment of renal function by serum creatinine and creatinine clearance: glomerular filtration rate estimated by four procedures.

We compared creatinine concentrations in serum and urine and creatinine clearances determined by two Jaffé (Beckman's "Astra," Boehringer Mannheim Diagnostics) and two enzymatic (Kodak, Boehringer Mannheim Diagnostics) methods. Serum creatinine and creatinine clearances determined by each method were also compared with the glomerular filtration rate as measured with use of sodium [125I]iothalamate in patients with a wide range of renal function. Results between methods correlated excellently, but we saw clear method-dependent biases of up to 2.9 mg/L for serum. The highest serum creatinine values and the lowest creatinine clearances were obtained with Boehringer Mannheim Diagnostics' Jaffé method. The reciprocal of the serum creatinine and the creatinine clearance also correlated well with the glomerular filtration rate, but all methods over-estimated the glomerular filtration rates to varying degrees. Appropriate standardization of methods appears to be as important as method principle for establishing an accurate relationship between creatinine determinations and glomerular filtration rate.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects on the ATP content of cultured cells after radiographic contrast media exposure. Evidence for accumulation of contrast media in cultured cells.

The ATP content of cultured cells after exposure to meglumine-calcium metrizoate, sodium metrizoate, iohexol, iopamidol and saline was studied. Initially, the ATP content diminished rapidly for a short period and thereafter slowly during the incubation. After incubation with contrast media or saline, the ATP content slowly increased to normal when the cells were reincubated with fresh nutrient medium. Different contrast media and saline with the same final osmolality produced a similar effect on the ATP content of the cultured cells. Cellular association of meglumine-sodium diatrizoate, sodium metrizoate, sodium-iothalamate, iohexol and iopamidol was also examined. The established cell line NHIK 3025 as well as primary cultures of human umbilical endothelium were found to accumulate contrast media in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. When the incubation was carried out at 4 degrees C, the cellular accumulation of contrast medium was less than 35 per cent of that seen at 37 degrees C. It therefore seems that energy-dependent processes are involved to some degree.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗